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Literature summary for 3.4.19.9 extracted from
- Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase and drug resistance (2006), Clin. Chim. Acta, 374, 25-32.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| overexpression in MCF7 breast cancer cells and HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells | Homo sapiens |
| the gene localizes to chromosome 4 under control of two distinct promoters | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6-diazo-5-oxo-norleucine | - |
Homo sapiens |  |
| acivicin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| azaserine | - |
Homo sapiens | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| intracellular | - |
Mus musculus | 5622 | - |
| intracellular | - |
Homo sapiens | 5622 | - |
| intracellular | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5622 | - |
| lysosome | - |
Mus musculus | 5764 | - |
| lysosome | - |
Homo sapiens | 5764 | - |
| lysosome | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5764 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | Mus musculus | the enzyme cleaves gamma-polyglutamate chains attached to folates and anti-folates after they enter mammalian cells, the enzyme plays an important role in folate homeostasis and confers resistance to anti-folates, especially methotrexate | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Rattus norvegicus | the enzyme cleaves gamma-polyglutamate chains attached to folates and anti-folates after they enter mammalian cells, the enzyme plays an important role in folate homeostasis and confers resistance to anti-folates, especially methotrexate | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Homo sapiens | the enzyme cleaves gamma-polyglutamate chains attached to folates and anti-folates after they enter mammalian cells, the enzyme plays an important role in folate homeostasis and confers resistance to anti-folates, especially methotrexate, the drugs are dependent on polyglutamylation for activity, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| polyglutamyl-folate + H2O | Mus musculus | - |
monoglutamyl folate + glutamate | - |
? | |
| polyglutamyl-folate + H2O | Homo sapiens | - |
monoglutamyl folate + glutamate | - |
? | |
| polyglutamyl-folate + H2O | Rattus norvegicus | - |
monoglutamyl folate + glutamate | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | - |
single gene and single spliced mRNA | - |
| Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
| Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| glycoprotein | from cancer cells | Rattus norvegicus |
| glycoprotein | from cancer cells, the enzyme is glycosylated at Asn139, Asn179, partially at Asn283, but not at Asn92 | Homo sapiens |
Reaction
| Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| tetrahydropteroyl-(gamma-glutamyl)n + (n-1) H2O = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + (n-1) L-glutamate | catalytic mechanism, the enzyme releases mono- or di-glutamate | Homo sapiens | |
| tetrahydropteroyl-(gamma-glutamyl)n + (n-1) H2O = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + (n-1) L-glutamate | catalytic mechanism, the enzyme releases mono- or di-glutamate | Rattus norvegicus |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| breast | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| breast cancer cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| Hep-G2 cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| intestine | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| liver | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| lung | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| MCF-7 cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolate + H2O | - |
Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| methotrexate + H2O | - |
Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme cleaves gamma-polyglutamate chains attached to folates and anti-folates after they enter mammalian cells, the enzyme plays an important role in folate homeostasis and confers resistance to anti-folates, especially methotrexate | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme cleaves gamma-polyglutamate chains attached to folates and anti-folates after they enter mammalian cells, the enzyme plays an important role in folate homeostasis and confers resistance to anti-folates, especially methotrexate | Rattus norvegicus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme cleaves gamma-polyglutamate chains attached to folates and anti-folates after they enter mammalian cells, the enzyme plays an important role in folate homeostasis and confers resistance to anti-folates, especially methotrexate, the drugs are dependent on polyglutamylation for activity, overview | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| polyglutamyl-folate + H2O | - |
Mus musculus | monoglutamyl folate + glutamate | - |
? | |
| polyglutamyl-folate + H2O | - |
Homo sapiens | monoglutamyl folate + glutamate | - |
? | |
| polyglutamyl-folate + H2O | - |
Rattus norvegicus | monoglutamyl folate + glutamate | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| dimer | homodimer with a very large monomer-momoner interface | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| GGH | - |
Mus musculus |
| GGH | - |
Homo sapiens |
| GGH | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
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