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Literature summary for 3.2.1.147 extracted from

  • Ahuja, I.; de Vos, R.C.; Rohloff, J.; Stoopen, G.M.; Halle, K.K.; Ahmad, S.J.; Hoang, L.; Hall, R.D.; Bones, A.M.
    Arabidopsis myrosinases link the glucosinolate-myrosinase system and the cuticle (2016), Sci. Rep., 6, 38990 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
Search for more literature for 3.2.1.147

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information generation of tgg1 tgg2 double mutants which show morphological changes compared to wild-type plants visible as changes in pavement cells, stomatal cells and the ultrastructure of the cuticle. Extensive metabolite analyses of leaves from tgg mutants and wild-type Arabidopsis plants show altered levels of cuticular fatty acids, fatty acid phytyl esters, glucosinolates, and indole compounds in tgg single and double mutants as compared to wild-type plants. No macroscopic growth/morphological differences are observed between the wild-type and tgg single and double mutants during during the four weeks of plant cultivation. In the tgg2 single mutant, the pavement cells appear bigger compared to wild-type, flattened and show an irregular jigsaw puzzle shape. Stomata in the tgg2 single mutant are also relatively bigger than the wild-type, and the stomatal aperture is mostly fully open. The pavement cells in the tgg1 tgg2 double mutant appear deformed, overlapping each other, collapse in some places, and hence show an irregular jigsaw puzzle shape. Additionally, in the tgg1 tgg2 double mutant, smaller, tightly closed and sunken stomata are observed. Wild-type, tgg1, tgg2 single mutants, and tgg1 tgg2 double mutant differ significantly for guard cell length. However, for guard cell width, only wild-type and tgg1 single mutant show significant differences. In the wild-type, hardly any wax crystals are observed, while a relatively higher amount of wax crystals is observed on the leaf surfaces of the tgg mutants, in particular for the tgg2 single mutant, and the tgg1 tgg2 double mutant. In both tgg single and double mutants the cuticle appear as disrupted with reduced electron density and appear to be discontinuous. The tgg mutations alter levels of glucosinolates. Among the nine glucosinolates detected, eight show reduced levels in the tgg1 tgg2 double mutant. Glucoerucin is the only glucosinolate that shows higher levels in tgg1 tgg2 double mutant compared to the tgg1 and tgg2 single mutants, while tgg1 and tgg2 single mutants show moderate to high levels for glucosinolates glucoiberin, glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin, glucoibarin, glucohirsutin, hexyl glucosinolate, and glucobrassicin as compared to the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana
additional information generation of tgg1, single and tgg1 tgg2 double mutants which show morphological changes compared to wild-type plants visible as changes in pavement cells, stomatal cells and the ultrastructure of the cuticle. Extensive metabolite analyses of leaves from tgg mutants and wild-type Arabidopsis plants show altered levels of cuticular fatty acids, fatty acid phytyl esters, glucosinolates, and indole compounds in tgg single and double mutants as compared to wild-type plants. No macroscopic growth/morphological differences are observed between the wild-type and tgg single and double mutants during during the four weeks of plant cultivation. In the tgg1 single mutant, the pavement cells are bigger in size, but still showing a regular jigsaw puzzle shape as in the wild-type. The stomata in the tgg1 single mutant also appear bigger. The pavement cells in the tgg1 tgg2 double mutant appear deformed, overlapping each other, collapse in some places, and hence show an irregular jigsaw puzzle shape. Additionally, in the tgg1 tgg2 double mutant, smaller, tightly closed and sunken stomata are observed. Wild-type, tgg1, tgg2 single mutants, and tgg1 tgg2 double mutant differ significantly for guard cell length. However, for guard cell width, only wild-type and tgg1 single mutant show significant differences. In the wild-type, hardly any wax crystals are observed, while a relatively higher amount of wax crystals is observed on the leaf surfaces of the tgg mutants, in particular for the tgg2 single mutant, and the tgg1 tgg2 double mutant. In both tgg single and double mutants the cuticle appear as disrupted with reduced electron density and appear to be discontinuous. The tgg mutations alter levels of glucosinolates. Among the nine glucosinolates detected, eight show reduced levels in the tgg1 tgg2 double mutant. Glucoerucin is the only glucosinolate that shows higher levels in tgg1 tgg2 double mutant compared to the tgg1 and tgg2 single mutants, while tgg1 and tgg2 single mutants show moderate to high levels for glucosinolates glucoiberin, glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin, glucoibarin, glucohirsutin, hexyl glucosinolate, and glucobrassicin as compared to the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
a thioglucoside + H2O Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 a sugar + a thiol
-
 ?
a thioglucoside + H2O Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0
-
 a sugar + a thiol
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana P37702
-
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Q9C5C2
-
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 P37702
-
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 Q9C5C2
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
guard cell
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
leaf
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
-
additional information isozyme TGG1 is expressed in guard cells and phloem cells and and isozyme TGG1 protein is highly abundant in guard cells. In contrast, TGG2 is only expressed in phloem-associated cells Arabidopsis thaliana
-
phloem
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
a thioglucoside + H2O
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana a sugar + a thiol
-
 ?
a thioglucoside + H2O
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 a sugar + a thiol
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
AtBGLU37
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
AtBGLU38
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
beta-glucosidase 37
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
beta-glucosidase 38
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
myrosinase
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
sinigrinase 1
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
sinigrinase 2
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
TGG1
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
TGG2
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
thioglucosidase 1
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
thioglucosidase 2
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction the tgg1, single and tgg1 tgg2 double mutants show morphological changes compared to wild-type plants visible as changes in pavement cells, stomatal cells and the ultrastructure of the cuticle. Extensive metabolite analyses of leaves from tgg mutants and wild-type Arabidopsis plants show altered levels of cuticular fatty acids, fatty acid phytyl esters, glucosinolates, and indole compounds in tgg single and double mutants as compared to wild-type plants. The tgg mutations alter levels of glucosinolates. Among the nine glucosinolates detected, eight show reduced levels in the tgg1 tgg2 double mutant. Glucoerucin is the only glucosinolate that shows higher levels in tgg1 tgg2 double mutant compared to the tgg1 and tgg2 single mutants, while tgg1 and tgg2 single mutants show moderate to high levels for glucosinolates glucoiberin, glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin, glucoibarin, glucohirsutin, hexyl glucosinolate, and glucobrassicin as compared to the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function Brassicaceae, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica crop species comprise the glucosinolate-myrosinase system, in which myrosinase thioglucosidase (TGG) catalyses glucosinolate breakdown into various biologically active molecules upon tissue disruption or insect attac. The glucosinolate-myrosinase system represents a chemical-based plant defence system. A close association between chemical defence systems and physical defence barriers, represented by the cuticle, exists Arabidopsis thaliana