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Literature summary for 3.2.1.1 extracted from

  • Moshfegh, M.; Shahverdi, A.R.; Zarrini, G.; Faramarzi, M.A.
    Biochemical characterization of an extracellular polyextremophilic alpha-amylase from the halophilic archaeon Halorubrum xinjiangense (2013), Extremophiles, 17, 677-687.
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 3.2.1.1

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
butanol 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 1.3fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
Cyclohexane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 1.8fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
decane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 1.4fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
dodecane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 1.9fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
ethanol 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 1.1fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
heptane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 1.1fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
hexadecane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 2.6fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
hexane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 1.2fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
n-Octanol 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 1.9fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
nonane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 2.2fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
tetradecane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 2.5fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
Toluene 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 1.5fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
xylene 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 2fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
Al3+ 10 mM, 86% loss of activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Cu2+ 10 mM, 88% loss of activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Fe2+ 10 mM, 90% loss of activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Fe3+ 10 mM, 95% loss of activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Hg2+ 10 mM, 88% loss of activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Ni2+ 10 mM, 58% loss of activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Zn2+ 10 mM, 80% loss of activity Halorubrum xinjiangense

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
additional information
-
 starch the KM-value for soluble starch (pH 8.5, 70°C) is 3.8 mg/ml Halorubrum xinjiangense
additional information
-
 soluble starch Km: 3.8 mg/ml, pH 8.5, 70°C Halorubrum xinjiangense

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
extracellular
-
 Halorubrum xinjiangense
-
-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Ca2+ 10 mM, 1.4fold activation Halorubrum xinjiangense
Ca2+ 10 mM, increase of activity to 140% Halorubrum xinjiangense
KCl maximum amylase activity at 4 M NaCl or 4.5 M KCl, 70°C, and pH 8.5 Halorubrum xinjiangense
KCl maximum amylase activity at 4 M NaCl or 4.5 M KCl, and retains about 60–90% of the optimal activity at 2–3.5 M. The enzyme is less active in the presence of 0.5–1.5 M of each salt, and no activity is observed in absence of the salts. The inactivation at low-salt concentrations is reversible by increasing the salt concentration Halorubrum xinjiangense
NaCl maximum amylase activity at 4 M NaCl or 4.5 M KC, 70°C, and pH 8.5 Halorubrum xinjiangense
NaCl maximum amylase activity at 4 M NaCl or 4.5 M KCl, and retains about 60–90% of the optimal activity at 2–3.5 M. The enzyme is less active in the presence of 0.5–1.5 M of each salt, and no activity is observed in absence of the salts. The inactivation at low-salt concentrations is reversible by increasing the salt concentration Halorubrum xinjiangense

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
57000
-
 gel filtration Halorubrum xinjiangense
60000
-
 1 * 60000, SDS-PAGE Halorubrum xinjiangense

Organic Solvent Stability

Organic Solvent Comment Organism
Acetone 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 69% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 9.5% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Acetone 2 h, 50% v/v, 9.5% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Butanol 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 130% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 121.3% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Butanol 2 h, 50% v/v, 121.3% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
chloroform 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 88.4% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 73.4% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
chloroform 2 h, 50% v/v, 73.4% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
cyclohexane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 178% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 124.5% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
cyclohexane 2 h, 50% v/v, 124.5% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
cyclohexanol 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 76% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 58% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
cyclohexanol 2 h, 50% v/v, 58% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
cyclohexanone 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 64.5% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 56% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
cyclohexanone 2 h, 50% v/v, 56% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
decane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 140.7% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 138% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
decane 2 h, 50% v/v, 138% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
dioxane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 100% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 90% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
dioxane 2 h, 50% v/v, 90% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
dodecane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 186% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 102% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
dodecane 2 h, 50% v/v, 102% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Ethanol 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 110% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 80% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Ethanol 2 h, 50% v/v, 80% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
heptane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 110% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 91.7% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
heptane 2 h, 50% v/v, 91.7% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
hexadecane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 260% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 145% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
hexane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 120% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 101% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
hexane 2 h, 50% v/v, 101% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Methanol 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 75% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 49.3% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
Methanol 2 h, 50% v/v, 49.3% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
nonane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 216.3% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 136% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
nonane 2 h, 50% v/v, 136% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
octanol 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 185.3% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 92.7% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
octanol 2 h, 50% v/v, 92.7% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
tetradecane 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 252% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 126% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
tetradecane 2 h, 50% v/v, 126% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
toluene 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 146.6% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 91.5% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
toluene 2 h, 50% v/v, 91.5% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
xylene 20% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 195% residual activity. 50% (v/v), 25°C, pH 8.5, 2 h, 141.4% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
xylene 2 h, 50% v/v, 141.4% residual activity Halorubrum xinjiangense

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Halorubrum xinjiangense
-
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
-
 Halorubrum xinjiangense

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
487.5
-
 pH 8.5, 70°C Halorubrum xinjiangense
487.5
-
 pH 8.5, 70°C, reducing sugar produced Halorubrum xinjiangense

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
ammylopectin + H2O the enzyme exhibits higher activity toward soluble starch rather than amylose (55%), amylopectin (41%), dextrin (60%), and glycogen (29%) Halorubrum xinjiangense ?
-
 ?
amylopektin + H2O activity is 41% compared to the activity with soluble starch Halorubrum xinjiangense ?
-
 ?
amylose + H2O activity is 55% compared to the activity with soluble starch Halorubrum xinjiangense ?
-
 ?
amylose + H2O the enzyme exhibits higher activity toward soluble starch rather than amylose (55%), amylopectin (41%), dextrin (60%), and glycogen (29%) Halorubrum xinjiangense ?
-
 ?
dextrin + H2O activity is 60% compared to the activity with soluble starch Halorubrum xinjiangense ?
-
 ?
dextrin + H2O the enzyme exhibits higher activity toward soluble starch rather than amylose (55%), amylopectin (41%), dextrin (60%), and glycogen (29%) Halorubrum xinjiangense ?
-
 ?
glycogen + H2O activity is 29% compared to the activity with soluble starch Halorubrum xinjiangense ?
-
 ?
glycogen + H2O the enzyme exhibits higher activity toward soluble starch rather than amylose (55%), amylopectin (41%), dextrin (60%), and glycogen (29%) Halorubrum xinjiangense ?
-
 ?
additional information no hydrolytic activity with alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin or pullulan Halorubrum xinjiangense ?
-
 ?
additional information no hydrolytic activity is detected on alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, and pullulan Halorubrum xinjiangense ?
-
 ?
soluble starch + H2O the enzyme hydrolyzes 69% of the wheat starch after a 2 h incubation at 70°C in an aqueous/hexadecane two-phase system. The main hydrolysis products are maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, and maltohexaose showing that the amylase cleaves the internal alpha-1,4 linkages and indicating that the enzyme is an endo-type amylase. The enzyme exhibits higher activity toward soluble starch rather than amylose (55%), amylopectin (41%), dextrin (60%), and glycogen (29%) Halorubrum xinjiangense ?
-
 ?
starch + H2O the main hydrolysis products are maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, and maltohexaose. The enzyme hydrolyzes 69% of the wheat starch after a 2 h incubation at 70°C in an aqueous/hexadecane two-phase system Halorubrum xinjiangense ?
-
 ?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
monomer 1 * 60000, SDS-PAGE Halorubrum xinjiangense

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
70
-
-
 Halorubrum xinjiangense

Temperature Range [°C]

Temperature Minimum [°C] Temperature Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
55 85 55°C: about 45% of maximal activity, 85°C: about 40% of maximal activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
55 85 55°C: about 50% of maximal activity, 85°C: about 40% of maximal activity Halorubrum xinjiangense

Temperature Stability [°C]

Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
60
-
 1 h, 25% loss of activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
70
-
 1 h, 31% loss of activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
75
-
 30 min, 18% loss of activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
90
-
 1 h, more than 60% loss of activity Halorubrum xinjiangense

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
8.5
-
-
 Halorubrum xinjiangense

pH Range

pH Minimum pH Maximum Comment Organism
6.5 11 pH 6.5: about 50% of maximal activity, pH 11: about 55% of maximal activity Halorubrum xinjiangense
6.5 11 completely inactive in an acidic pH range of 3-5.5, pH 6.0: about 50% of maximal activity, pH 9.0: 68.3% of maximal activity, pH 11: 53.5% of maximal activity Halorubrum xinjiangense

pH Stability

pH Stability pH Stability Maximum Comment Organism
3 6 loses its activity in acidic buffers (pH 3–6) Halorubrum xinjiangense
7
-
 stable above Halorubrum xinjiangense

pI Value

Organism Comment pI Value Maximum pI Value
Halorubrum xinjiangense isoelectric focusing
-
 4.5
Halorubrum xinjiangense
-
-
 4.5