Literature summary for 3.1.31.1 extracted from

Sundstroem, J.F.; Vaculova, A.; Smertenko, A.P.; Savenkov, E.I.; Golovko, A.; Minina, E.; Tiwari, B.S.; Rodriguez-Nieto, S.; Zamyatnin, A.A.; Vaelineva, T.; Saarikettu, J.; Frilander, M.J.; Suarez, M.F.; Zavialov, A.; Stahl, U.; Hussey, P.J.; Silvennoinen, O.; Sundberg, E.; Zhivotovsky, B.; Bozhkov, P.
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease is an evolutionarily conserved component of the programmed cell death degradome (2009), Nat. Cell Biol., 11, 1347-1354.

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
cloning of the full-length cDNA from Picea abies encoding Tudor staphylococcal nuclease, expression in Escherichia coli	Picea abies
expression in Escherichia coli	Homo sapiens
expression in Escherichia coli	Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
D790E	by site-directed mutagenesis, proteolysis of Tudor staphylococcal nuclease does not occur either when the P1 position of the DAVD motif is mutated or after treatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fluoromethylketone, expression of mutant under normal conditions enhances cell proliferation in both cancer (HeLa) and non-cancer (HEK-293) cells compared with mock- and wild-type Tudor staphylococcal nuclease-transfected samples, under camptothecin-induced apoptosis, expression of Tudor staphylococcal nuclease mutant results in a 35% increment in viable HeLa cells, suggesting that caspase-mediated proteolysis of enzyme is important for the progression of apoptosis	Homo sapiens

Inhibitors

Inhibitors	Comment	Organism
caspase-3	Tudor staphylococcal nuclease, a multifunctional regulator of gene expression, is cleaved by caspase-3 during apoptosis, this cleavage impairs the ability of Tudor staphylococcal nuclease to activate mRNA splicing, inhibits its ribonuclease activity and is important for the execution of apoptosis, cleavage of enzyme lowers its nuclease activity by almost 50%	Homo sapiens
deoxythymidine 3',5'-bisphosphate	nuclease activity of enzyme is highly sensitive to deoxythymidine 3',5'-bisphosphate, a specific inhibitor of staphylococcal nuclease, whereas the inactive analogue deoxythymidine 3'-phosphate has no inhibitory effect	Homo sapiens
deoxythymidine 3',5'-bisphosphate	nuclease activity of PaTSN is highly sensitive to deoxythymidine 3',5'-bisphosphate, a specific inhibitor of staphylococcal nuclease, whereas the inactive analogue deoxythymidine 3'-phosphate has no inhibitory effect	Picea abies
metacaspase mcII-Pa	metacaspase mcII-Pa cleaves the phylogenetically conserved protein Tudor staphylococcal nuclease during both developmental and stress-induced programmed cell death	Homo sapiens
metacaspase mcII-Pa	metacaspase mcII-Pa processes recombinant enzyme into 5 major fragments, inactivation of mcII-Pa either by the inhibitor EGR-chloromethyl ketone or through mutation of catalytic Cys139 blocked Tudor staphylococcal nuclease fragmentation, proteolysis of endogenous enzyme correlates with metacaspase activity, reaching the maximum level in early embryos and declining to non-detectable levels in mature embryos, cleavage of enzyme by mcII-Pa leads to a 90% decrease in ribonuclease activity, whereas inactivation of mcII-Pa by either EGR-cmk or mutation of catalytic Cys139 left TSN intact and fully active	Picea abies
additional information	induction of apoptosis in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells with 5-fluorouracil leads to increased caspase-3-like activity and cleavage of endogenous Tudor staphylococcal nuclease into 2 fragments with the same molecular mass in vitro, this effect is not cell- and drug-specific because a similar pattern of endogenous Tudor staphylococcal nuclease cleavage is detected in camptothecin-treated HeLa cells	Homo sapiens

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
cytoplasm	in the interphase and mitosis	Arabidopsis thaliana	5737	-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism	Structure
Ca2+	30 mM CaCl2 are included in assay medium	Picea abies
Ca2+	5 mM CaCl2 are included in assay medium	Homo sapiens

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana	Q8VZG7	-	-
Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9FLT0	-	-
Homo sapiens	Q7KZF4	-	-
Picea abies	Q0JRI3	-	-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
recombinant protein is purified by anion exchange chromatography on a Q Sepharose Fast Flow column using a linear gradient of NaCl (0-500 mM) in 20 mM Tris-HCl at pH 8.0, 2 mM dithiothreitol and 10% glycerol	Homo sapiens
recombinant protein is purified by anion exchange chromatography on a Q Sepharose Fast Flow column using a linear gradient of NaCl (0-500 mM) in 20 mM Tris-HCl at pH 8.0, 2 mM dithiothreitol and 10% glycerol	Picea abies
recombinant protein is purified by anion exchange chromatography on a Q Sepharose Fast Flow column using a linear gradient of NaCl (0-500 mM) in 20 mM Tris-HCl at pH 8.0, 2 mM dithiothreitol and 10% glycerol	Arabidopsis thaliana

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
embryo	-	Picea abies	-
embryogenic cell line	-	Picea abies	-

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
AtTSN1	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
AtTSN2	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
HsTSN	-	Homo sapiens
P100	-	Homo sapiens
PaTSN	-	Picea abies
SND1	-	Homo sapiens
TSN	-	Homo sapiens
TSN	-	Picea abies
tudor staphylococcal nuclease	-	Homo sapiens
tudor staphylococcal nuclease	-	Picea abies
tudor staphylococcal nuclease	-	Arabidopsis thaliana

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum	pH Optimum Maximum	Comment	Organism
7	-	assay at	Homo sapiens
7	-	assay at	Picea abies

Expression

Organism	Comment	Expression
Arabidopsis thaliana	down-regulation of enzyme using interfering RNA results in pollen degeneration and a dramatic reduction in plant fertility, providing further evidence for an essential role of TSN in plant reproduction	down
Homo sapiens	Tudor staphylococcal nuclease knockdown leads to activation of ectopic cell death during reproduction, impairing plant fertility, HeLa cells transfected with Tudor staphylococcal nuclease short interfering RNA show a dramatic increase in apoptotic response to camptothecin accompanied by a 7.9fold increase in activation of caspase-3 and increased cleavage of PARP and lamin-A (by 3.7fold and 6.7fold, respectively), moreover, reduction of Tudor staphylococcal nuclease levels induces apoptosis even in the absence camptothecin, leading to 7.7fold, 6.1fold and 11fold increases in apoptotic markers, demonstrating that Tudor staphylococcal nuclease is indispensable for the maintenance of cell viability	additional information

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
metabolism	programmed cell death pathways, Tudor staphylococcal nuclease is a new component of the human programmed degradome and is cleaved by caspase-3 between the Tudor and SN5 domains	Homo sapiens
metabolism	programmed cell death, enzyme is a part of the stress-induced cell-death degradome during both developmental and stress-induced cell deaths	Picea abies
physiological function	ribonuclease activity, control of gene expression by activating transcription, subsequent mRNA splicing, regulation of RNA silencing and in the pathway that edits and destroys double-stranded RNA, uncleavable Tudor staphylococcal nuclease stimulates cell proliferation and protects cells from death	Homo sapiens