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Literature summary for 3.1.12.1 extracted from

  • Hou, Z.; Zhang, Y.
    Insights into a mysterious CRISPR adaptation factor, Cas4 (2018), Mol. Cell., 70, 757-758 .
    View publication on PubMed

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information determining genetic requirement for in vivo adaptation by analyzing mutant strains lacking cas4-1 and cas4-2 individually or simultaneously, phenotypes. Adaptation is reduced, but not completely prevented, by deletion of either or both of the cas4 genes. Strikingly, longer spacers around 40-70 base pairs (bp) in length are acquired in the double deletion strain as opposed to only about 37 bp in wild-type Pyrococcus furiosus

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Escherichia coli Q46899
-
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Halalkalibacterium halodurans Q9KFY0
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Pyrococcus furiosus Q8U027
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Pyrococcus furiosus Q8U1T6
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Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Q6ZEI3
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-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
additional information Cas4 proteins contain a RecB-like nuclease domain and exhibit in vitro exonuclease activities Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ?
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?
additional information Cas4 proteins contain a RecB-like nuclease domain and exhibit in vitro exonuclease activities Pyrococcus furiosus ?
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?
additional information Cas4 proteins contain a RecB-like nuclease domain and exhibit in vitro exonuclease activities Escherichia coli ?
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?
additional information Cas4 proteins contain a RecB-like nuclease domain and exhibit in vitro exonuclease activities. In the presence of Cas1 and Cas2, Cas4 of Bacillus halodurans endonucleolytically cuts long 3' overhangs of prespacers at the PAM site Halalkalibacterium halodurans ?
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?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
Cas4
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Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Cas4
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Halalkalibacterium halodurans
Cas4
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Escherichia coli
Cas4 nuclease
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Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Cas4 nuclease
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Halalkalibacterium halodurans
Cas4 nuclease
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Pyrococcus furiosus
Cas4 nuclease
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Escherichia coli
Cas4-1
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Pyrococcus furiosus
Cas4-2
-
Pyrococcus furiosus
casC
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Escherichia coli
CRISPR adaptation factor
-
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
CRISPR adaptation factor
-
Halalkalibacterium halodurans
CRISPR adaptation factor
-
Pyrococcus furiosus
CRISPR adaptation factor
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Escherichia coli

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
evolution the Pyrococcus furiosus genome harbors two distinct cas4 genes, one in a cas4-1/ cas1/cas2 operon and the other cas4-2 at a remote location not associated with CRISPR Pyrococcus furiosus
additional information Cas4 forms a tight complex with Cas1 in vitro, compatible with the fact that the cas4 gene is usually encoded next to or in fusion with cas1 Halalkalibacterium halodurans
additional information catalytic mechanism analysis Pyrococcus furiosus
physiological function the widespread CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity to help prokaryotes fend off invading viruses and mobile elements. CRISPR loci contain arrays of repeats separated by distinct spacers, and CRISPR RNA (crRNA) produced from each spacer guides Cas nuclease complexes to find sequence matches in the invader's genome. A short protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) that flanks the DNA target licenses crRNA-guided invader destruction. CRISPR-Cas has the ability to generate immunological memory by acquiring new spacers from invaders' DNA in a process known as adaptation. To ensure successful defense, microbes must select PAM-flanking sequences, process them to appropriate sizes, and insert them into CRISPR in the right orientation. The core spacer integration machinery is encoded by cas1 and cas2, two genes universally present in all CRISPR systems Halalkalibacterium halodurans
physiological function the widespread CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity to help prokaryotes fend off invading viruses and mobile elements. CRISPR loci contain arrays of repeats separated by distinct spacers, and CRISPR RNA (crRNA) produced from each spacer guides Cas nuclease complexes to find sequence matches in the invader's genome. A short protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) that flanks the DNA target licenses crRNA-guided invader destruction. CRISPR-Cas has the ability to generate immunological memory by acquiring new spacers from invaders' DNA in a process known as adaptation. To ensure successful defense, microbes must select PAM-flanking sequences, process them to appropriate sizes, and insert them into CRISPR in the right orientation. The core spacer integration machinery is encoded by cas1 and cas2, two genes universally present in all CRISPR systems. Cas4 selects PAM-compliant spacers. Gene cas4-1 is genetically required to specify the 5' PAM for new spacers, whereas cas4-2 determines the weak NW motif Pyrococcus furiosus
physiological function the widespread CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity to help prokaryotes fend off invading viruses and mobile elements. CRISPR loci contain arrays of repeats separated by distinct spacers, and CRISPR RNA (crRNA) produced from each spacer guides Cas nuclease complexes to find sequence matches in the invader's genome. A short protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) that flanks the DNA target licenses crRNA-guided invader destruction. CRISPR-Cas has the ability to generate immunological memory by acquiring new spacers from invaders' DNA in a process known as adaptation. To ensure successful defense, microbes must select PAM-flanking sequences, process them to appropriate sizes, and insert them into CRISPR in the right orientation. The core spacer integration machinery is encoded by cas1 and cas2, two genes universally present in all CRISPR systems. For the type I-E CRISPR native to Escherichia coli, cas1 and cas2 are necessary and sufficient to drive adaptation Escherichia coli
physiological function the widespread CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity to help prokaryotes fend off invading viruses and mobile elements. CRISPR loci contain arrays of repeats separated by distinct spacers, and CRISPR RNA (crRNA) produced from each spacer guides Cas nuclease complexes to find sequence matches in the invader's genome. A short protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) that flanks the DNA target licenses crRNA-guided invader destruction. CRISPR-Cas has the ability to generate immunological memory by acquiring new spacers from invaders' DNA in a process known as adaptation. To ensure successful defense, microbes must select PAM-flanking sequences, process them to appropriate sizes, and insert them into CRISPR in the right orientation. The core spacer integration machinery is encoded by cas1 and cas2, two genes universally present in all CRISPR systems. Type I-D CRISPR of Synechocystis relies on its sole Cas4 to select PAM-compliant spacers, examining the strandedness of PAM recognition during acquisition Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803