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Literature summary for 2.8.2.5 extracted from

  • Ramachandra, R.; Namburi, R.B.; Dupont, S.T.; Ortega-Martinez, O.; van Kuppevelt, T.H.; Lindahl, U.; Spillmann, D.
    A potential role for chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate in arm regeneration in Amphiura filiformis (2017), Glycobiology, 27, 438-449 .
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 2.8.2.5

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
quantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis Amphiura filiformis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + chondroitin Amphiura filiformis
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 adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Amphiura filiformis
-
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
arm
-
 Amphiura filiformis
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + chondroitin
-
 Amphiura filiformis adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
chondroitin-4-O-sulfotransferase 2
-
 Amphiura filiformis

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction arm regeneration is impaired by sulfate deprivation Amphiura filiformis
additional information dominant disaccharide species in both disc and arm samples are the di-O-sulfated DELTAHexA(2S)1-3GalNAc(4S) and DELTAHexA(2S)1-3GalNAc(6S), and the tri-O-sulfated disaccharide DELTAHexA(2S)1-3GalNAc(4,6S), while only small amounts of mono-O-sulfated disaccharides (DELTAHexA1-3GalNAc(4S), DELTAHexA1-3GalNAc(6S), and DELTAHexA(2S)1-3GalNAc(2S)) are recovered. The relative distribution of the different disaccharide species indicates a predominance of the tri-O-sulfated units in arms while the disc part contains proportionally more of the di-O-sulfated DELTAHexA(2S)1-3GalNAc(4S) disaccharide. Overall sulfation of arm CS/DS is about 2.4 sulfate groups/disaccharide, while the overall recovery of CS/DS is similar for disc and arms Amphiura filiformis
physiological function potential role for chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate in arm regeneration in Amphiura filiformis, increased sulfation of CS/DS during arm regeneration is observed. Based on the structural changes observed during arm regeneration, chondroitin synthase, chondroitin-4-O-sulfotransferase 2, and dermatan-4-O-sulfotransferase are identified as candidate genes correlating their expression with the expression of the Amphiura filiformis orthologue of bone morphogenetic factors, AfBMP2/4. Quantitative amplification by real-time PCR indicates increased expression of chondroitin synthase and chondroitin-4-O-sulfotransferase 2, with a corresponding increase in AfBMP2/4 during regeneration relative to nonregenerating controls. Proper sulfation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS), is important for Amphiura filiformis arm regeneration. The molecules may participate in mechanisms controlling cell proliferation. Role of CS/DS in the regeneration process Amphiura filiformis