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Literature summary for 2.7.8.B10 extracted from
- Biochemical characterization of cardiolipin synthase mutations associated with daptomycin resistance in enterococci (2012), Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 57, 289-296.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| expression in Escherichia coli | Enterococcus faecium |
| recombinant expression of His-tagged residues 52 to 482 of enzyme Cls447a in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta | Enterococcus faecium |
| recombinant expression of His-tagged residues 53 to 483 of enzyme Cls613a in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta | Enterococcus faecalis |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| H215R | mutation results in an 1.6fold increase in Vmax, mutation is associated with adaption to daptomycin | Enterococcus faecium |
| H215R | the mutation is associated with adaptation to daptomycin and increases the enzyme activity compared to the wild-type enzyme, Cls447aH215R shows an increase in Vmax from 0.00016 (wild-type) to 0.00026 mM cardiolipin/min/mM protein | Enterococcus faecium |
| additional information | the adaptive mutations Cls447aH215R and Cls447aR218Q are proximal to the phospholipase domain 1 (PLD1) active site and near the putative nucleophile H217. As mutations to Cls are part of a larger genomic adaptation process, increased Cls activity is likely to be highly epistatic with other changes to facilitate DAP resistance. ClsR218Q mutation does not affect DAP susceptibility, supporting the idea that changes to Cls function in a broader context with other adaptive changes, such as alterations in the LiaFRS signaling pathway | Enterococcus faecium |
| R218Q | mutation results in an 1.6fold increase in Vmax, mutation is associated with adaption to daptomycin | Enterococcus faecium |
| R218Q | the mutation is associated with adaptation to daptomycin and increases the enzyme activity compared to the wild-type enzyme, Cls447aR218Q shows an increase in Vmax from 0.00016 (wild-type) to 0.00026 mM cardiolipin/min/mM protein | Enterococcus faecium |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| n-dodecylphosphocholine | 0.1% w/v | Enterococcus faecium |  |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
additional information | Michaelis-Menten kinetics | Enterococcus faecalis | |
| additional information | - |
additional information | Michaelis-Menten kinetics | Enterococcus faecium | |
| 3.55 | - |
chicken egg phosphatidylglycerol | pH 7.4, 37°C, wild-type enzyme | Enterococcus faecium | |
| 3.55 | - |
a phosphatidylglycerol | recombinant wild-type enzyme, residues 52-482, pH 7.4, 37°C | Enterococcus faecium | |
| 3.6 | 6 | chicken egg phosphatidylglycerol | pH 7.4, 37°C, mutant enzyme H215R | Enterococcus faecium | |
| 3.66 | - |
a phosphatidylglycerol | recombinant mutant H215R enzyme, residues 52-482, pH 7.4, 37°C | Enterococcus faecium | |
| 6.25 | - |
chicken egg phosphatidylglycerol | pH 7.4, 37°C, mutant enzyme R218Q | Enterococcus faecium | |
| 6.25 | - |
a phosphatidylglycerol | recombinant mutant R218Q enzyme, residues 52-482, pH 7.4, 37°C | Enterococcus faecium | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| membrane | strongly associated with | Enterococcus faecium | 16020 | - |
| membrane | enzyme Cls447a is tightly associated with the membrane and colocalizes with its substrate phosphatidylglycerol and product cardiolipin | Enterococcus faecium | 16020 | - |
| membrane | enzyme Cls613a is tightly associated with the membrane and colocalizes with its substrate phosphatidylglycerol and product cardiolipin | Enterococcus faecalis | 16020 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | divalent metals Mg2+, Co2+, and Cd2+ have no measurable effect on enzyme activity at 4 mM, indicating that metal ions are not required for activity | Enterococcus faecium |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 51500 | - |
- |
Enterococcus faecium |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol | Enterococcus faecalis | - |
a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
| a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol | Enterococcus faecium | - |
a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
| a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol | Enterococcus faecium S613 | - |
a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
| a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol | Enterococcus faecium S447 | - |
a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
| a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol | Enterococcus faecalis S613 | - |
a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enterococcus faecalis | - |
- |
- |
| Enterococcus faecalis S613 | - |
- |
- |
| Enterococcus faecium | - |
- |
- |
| Enterococcus faecium S447 | - |
- |
- |
| Enterococcus faecium S613 | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
- |
Enterococcus faecium |
| enzyme Cls447a is tightly associated with the membrane and copurifies with its substrate phosphatidylglycerol and product cardiolipin, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Cls447a_52-482 from Escherichia coli strain Rosetta by nickel affinity chromatography,dialysis, and anion exchange chromatography, followed by gel filtration | Enterococcus faecium |
| enzyme Cls613a is tightly associated with the membrane and copurifies with its substrate phosphatidylglycerol and product cardiolipin, recombinant His-tagged enzyme Cls613a_53-483 from Escherichia coli strain Rosetta by nickel affinity chromatography,dialysis, and anion exchange chromatography, followed by gel filtration. Purification of sufficient amounts of Cls613a for determination of catalytic activity is not successful | Enterococcus faecalis |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 160 | - |
substrate: chicken egg phosphatidylglycerol, pH 7.4, 37°C, wild-type enzyme | Enterococcus faecium |
| 260 | - |
substrate: chicken egg phosphatidylglycerol, pH 7.4, 37°C, mutant enzyme H215R | Enterococcus faecium |
| 260 | - |
substrate: chicken egg phosphatidylglycerol, pH 7.4, 37°C, mutant enzyme R218Q | Enterococcus faecium |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol | - |
Enterococcus faecalis | a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
| a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol | - |
Enterococcus faecium | a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
| a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol | - |
Enterococcus faecium S613 | a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
| a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol | - |
Enterococcus faecium S447 | a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
| a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol | - |
Enterococcus faecalis S613 | a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
| chicken egg phosphatidylglycerol + chicken egg phosphatidylglycerol | - |
Enterococcus faecium | a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
| chicken egg phosphatidylglycerol + chicken egg phosphatidylglycerol | - |
Enterococcus faecium S613 | a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
| chicken egg phosphatidylglycerol + chicken egg phosphatidylglycerol | - |
Enterococcus faecium S447 | a cardiolipin + glycerol | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| ? | x * 51500, recombinant His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzyme residues 52-482, SDS-PAGE | Enterococcus faecium |
| More | secondary-structure estimation of the enzyme by circular dichroism, and structural modeling of Cls447a active site overview | Enterococcus faecium |
| More | secondary-structure estimation of the enzyme by circular dichroism, overview | Enterococcus faecalis |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| cardiolipin synthase | - |
Enterococcus faecalis |
| cardiolipin synthase | - |
Enterococcus faecium |
| Cls447a | - |
Enterococcus faecium |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | - |
- |
Enterococcus faecium |
| 37 | - |
assay at | Enterococcus faecalis |
| 37 | - |
assay at | Enterococcus faecium |
Temperature Stability [°C]
| Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 45 | - |
stable for up to 1 h | Enterococcus faecium |
| 55 | - |
activity is lost within 10 min | Enterococcus faecium |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.4 | - |
assay at | Enterococcus faecalis |
| 7.4 | - |
assay at | Enterococcus faecium |
| 7.5 | - |
broad optimum | Enterococcus faecium |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | daptomycin (DAP) is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, that has demonstrated rapid in vitro bactericidal activity against clinically significant strains of Gram-positive bacteria. DAP inserts into the plasma membrane in a calcium-dependent manner and subsequently disrupts the functional integrity of the cell membrane, altering cell division. DAP forms membrane-associated oligomers on liposomes and bacterial cells, suggesting that it is phosphatidylglycerol-dependent oligomerization of DAP that contributes to its effectiveness in altering membrane homeostasis. Role of Cls and adaptive variants Cls447aR218Q and Cls447aH215R in altering cardiolipin synthesis | Enterococcus faecium |
| physiological function | the synthesis of cardiolipin from phosphatidylglycerol through the enzyme has the potential to alter membrane properties directly thorough the synthesis of cardiolipin or, more indirectly, by altering the amount of phosphatidylglycerol in the membrane | Enterococcus faecalis |
| physiological function | the synthesis of cardiolipin from phosphatidylglycerol through the enzyme has the potential to alter membrane properties directly thorough the synthesis of cardiolipin or, more indirectly, by altering the amount of phosphatidylglycerol in the membrane | Enterococcus faecium |
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