Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene MB21D1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, phylogenetic analysis, quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Recombinant expression of FLAG-tagged cGAS in CEF cells | Gallus gallus |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytosol | - |
Gallus gallus | 5829 | - |
additional information | co-localization of chcGAS with the mitochondria (TOM20), lysosomes (LAMP1), Golgi apparatus (GM130) and endoplasmic reticulum (calnexin) is assessed with immunofluorescence in FLAG-tagged cGAS transfected CEF cells | Gallus gallus | - |
- |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mg2+ | required | Gallus gallus |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + GTP | Gallus gallus | overall reaction | 2 diphosphate + cyclic Gp(2'-5')Ap(3'-5') | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Gallus gallus | F1NVJ8 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
bone marrow | highest enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
bursa of Fabricius | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
cecum | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
crop | low enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
duodenum | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
esophagus | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
gizzard | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
glandular stomach | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
heart | low enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
ileum | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
jejunum | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
kidney | low enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
liver | low enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
lung | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
rectum | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
skeletal muscle | lowest enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
skin | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
spinal cord | low enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
spleen | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
testis | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
thymus | high enzyme expression level | Gallus gallus | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + GTP | overall reaction | Gallus gallus | 2 diphosphate + cyclic Gp(2'-5')Ap(3'-5') | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
cGAMP synthase | - |
Gallus gallus |
cGAS | - |
Gallus gallus |
chcGAS | - |
Gallus gallus |
Mab-21 domain-containing protein | UniProt | Gallus gallus |
MB21D1 | - |
Gallus gallus |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
evolution | beta2 and beta6 of cGAS harbor the signature catalytic site residues (E200, D202 and D296) of the NTase superfamily coordinating catalytic Mg2+ ions and nucleotides | Gallus gallus |
malfunction | overexpression of chcGAS induces Ifn-beta and Il-1beta expression. ChcGAS-induced IFN-beta and IL-1beta expression is dependent on the STING signaling pathway. Ablation of chcGAS abrogates dsDNA-stimulated IFN-beta and IL-1beta expression. Knockdown of cGAS promotes FAdV-4 infection | Gallus gallus |
metabolism | STING undergoes large conformational changes by binding to 2',3'-cGAMP and then recruits TANK binding kinase (TBK1), thus resulting in the phosphorylation of IFN-regulated factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and promoting the expression of IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines. chcGAS might be involved in sensing a DNA virus, FAdV-4, in LMH cells | Gallus gallus |
additional information | structure comparison of chicken enzyme with human enzyme, overview | Gallus gallus |
physiological function | cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a predominant DNA sensor inducing the activation of the innate immune responses that produce proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is essential for cytosolic double-stranded DNA and fowl adenovirus serotype 4 triggered innate immune responses in chickens. Chicken cGAS (chcGAS) participates in avian innate immunity. chcGAS is an important cytosolic DNA sensor activating innate immune responses. After binding dsDNA in the cytosol, cGAS converts adenosine 5'-triphosphate and guanosine 5'-triphosphate to 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2',3'-cGAMP), which serves as a second messenger for stimulator of interferon genes (STING) | Gallus gallus |