Literature summary for 2.7.7.79 extracted from

Chen, K.; Guo, T.; Li, X.M.; Zhang, Y.M.; Yang, Y.B.; Ye, W.W.; Dong, N.Q.; Shi, C.L.; Kan, Y.; Xiang, Y.H.; Zhang, H.; Li, Y.C.; Gao, J.P.; Huang, X.; Zhao, Q.; Han, B.; Shan, J.X.; Lin, H.X.
Translational regulation of plant response to high temperature by a dual-function tRNAHis guanylyltransferase in rice (2019), Mol. Plant, 12, 1123-1142 .

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Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene AET1, cloned from var. TQ, recombinant overexpression in Oryza sativa mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 transformation, quantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) pLysS, recombinant expression of MBP-tagged enzyme mutant P382S in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta-gami(DE3)	Oryza sativa Japonica Group

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	generation of an aet1 mutant, the aet1 mutant is crossed with a japonica variety, Jiahua-1, construction of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing constructs for AET1, RACK1A, eIF3h, and OsARF23. The aet1 mutant shows loss of Thg1 enzyme function, leading to reduced aminoacyl-tRNAHis levels and translational efficiency. The mutant plants display slight phenotype changes under normal conditions. In the aet1 mutant, the translation of OsARF19 and OsARF23 mRNAs is downregulated, which results in reduced levels of OsARFs and eventually causes growth arrest	Oryza sativa Japonica Group

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
endoplasmic reticulum	-	Oryza sativa Japonica Group	5783	-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism	Structure
Mg2+	required	Oryza sativa Japonica Group

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
p-tRNAHis + ATP + GTP + H2O	Oryza sativa Japonica Group	overall reaction	pGp-tRNAHis + AMP + 2 diphosphate	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Oryza sativa Japonica Group	A0A0P0WQ58	cv. TeQing (TQ), cultivated in fields in Shanghai and Hainan	-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
recombinnat His-tagged wild-type enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) pLysS by nickel affinity chromatography, recombinant MBP-tagged enzyme mutant P382S from Escherichia coli strain Rosetta-gami(DE3) by amylose affinity chromatography	Oryza sativa Japonica Group

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
p-tRNAHis + ATP + GTP + H2O	overall reaction	Oryza sativa Japonica Group	pGp-tRNAHis + AMP + 2 diphosphate	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
AET1	-	Oryza sativa Japonica Group
THG1	-	Oryza sativa Japonica Group

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
ATP	-	Oryza sativa Japonica Group

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
malfunction	an aet1 mutant shows loss of Thg1 enzyme function, leading to reduced aminoacyl-tRNAHis levels and translational efficiency. The mutant plants display slight phenotype changes under normal conditions. The translational status remains unaffected in the aet1 mutant, but the translational efficiency of OsARF19 and OsARF23 is reduced. Moreover, OsARF23 protein levels are obviously decreased in the aet1 mutant under high temperature, implying that AET1 regulates auxin signaling in response to high temperature	Oryza sativa Japonica Group
additional information	yeast two-hybrid assays with the AET1, RACK1A, and eIF3h proteins, and polysome profiling assays	Oryza sativa Japonica Group
physiological function	translational regulation of plant response to high temperature by a rice dual-function tRNAHis guanylyltransferase AET1, which contributes to the modification of pre-tRNAHis and is required for normal growth under high-temperature conditions in rice. AET1 possibly interacts with both RACK1A and eIF3h in the endoplasmic reticulum. AET1 can directly bind to OsARF mRNAs including the uORFs of OsARF19 and OsARF23, indicating that AET1 is associated with translation regulation. AET1 regulates auxin signaling in response to high temperature. AET1 regulates the environmental temperature response in rice by playing a dual role in tRNA modification and translational control. AET1 modulates auxin signaling through translation regulation associated with tRNA modification under high temperature, molecular mechanism, detailed overview. Under high temperature, AET1 can activate pre-tRNAHis and stabilize tRNA homeostasis. In particular, AET1 interacts with RACK1A and eIF3h and associates with the OsARF19 and OsARF23 mRNAs, which leads to increased translation of these mRNAs and contributes to plant development in response to high temperature	Oryza sativa Japonica Group

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)