Literature summary for 2.7.7.27 extracted from

Ventriglia, T.; Kuhn, M.L.; Ruiz, M.T.; Ribeiro-Pedro, M.; Valverde, F.; Ballicora, M.A.; Preiss, J.; Romero, J.M.
Two Arabidopsis ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunits (APL1 and APL2) are catalytic (2008), Plant Physiol., 148, 65-76.

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Activating Compound

Activating Compound	Comment	Organism	Structure
3-phosphoglycerate	-	Arabidopsis thaliana

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
apl1, DNA and amino acid determination and analysis, expression in Escherichia coli	Arabidopsis thaliana
apl2, DNA and amino acid determination and analysis, expression in Escherichia coli	Arabidopsis thaliana
apl3, DNA and amino acid determination and analysis, expression in Escherichia coli	Arabidopsis thaliana
apl4, DNA and amino acid determination and analysis, expression in Escherichia coli	Arabidopsis thaliana
aps1, DNA and amino acid determination and analysis, expression in Escherichia coli	Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
K267R	site-directed mutagenesis, co-expression of the wild-type APS1 subunit with mutated APL2K267R subunit produces enzymes with altered alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate S0.5	Arabidopsis thaliana
K271R	site-directed mutagenesis, co-expression of the wild-type APS1 subunit with mutated APL1K71R subunit produces enzymes with altered alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate S0.5	Arabidopsis thaliana
additional information	construction of a T-DNA mutant of APS1, aps1, that is starchless, lacks ADP-Glc PPase activity, APS1 mRNA, and APS1 protein, and is late flowering in long days. Transgenic lines of the aps1 mutant, expressing an inactivated form of APS1, recovered the wild-type phenotype, indicating that APL1 and APL2 have catalytic activity and may contribute to ADP-Glc synthesis in planta	Arabidopsis thaliana
additional information	mutation of alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate binding site affects APL1- and APL2-dependent activity	Arabidopsis thaliana

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM]	KM Value Maximum [mM]	Substrate	Comment	Organism	Structure
additional information	-	additional information	wild-type and mutant kinetics, forward and reverse reaction directions	Arabidopsis thaliana

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
ATP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate	Arabidopsis thaliana	-	ADP-D-glucose + diphosphate	-	r
additional information	Arabidopsis thaliana	ADP-Glc PPase catalyzes the first committed step in starch biosynthesis	?	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana	P55228	APS1; two genes encode small subunits APS1 and APS2, and four large subunits APL1-APL4	-
Arabidopsis thaliana	P55229	APL1; two genes encode small subunits APS1 and APS2, and four large subunits APL1-APL4	-
Arabidopsis thaliana	P55230	APL2; two genes encode small subunits APS1 and APS2, and four large subunits APL1-APL4	-
Arabidopsis thaliana	P55231	APL3; two genes encode small subunits APS1 and APS2, and four large subunits APL1-APL4	-
Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9SIK1	APL4; two genes encode small subunits APS1 and APS2, and four large subunits APL1-APL4	-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg]	Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg]	Comment	Organism
0.0021	-	wild-type APS1, forward reaction	Arabidopsis thaliana

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
ATP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate	-	Arabidopsis thaliana	ADP-D-glucose + diphosphate	-	r
additional information	ADP-Glc PPase catalyzes the first committed step in starch biosynthesis	Arabidopsis thaliana	?	-	?

Subunits

Subunits	Comment	Organism
tetramer	heterotetramer alpha2beta2 consisting of two small and two large subunits, APL1 and APL2, besides their regulatory role, have catalytic activity	Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
ADP-Glc PPase	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	-	Arabidopsis thaliana

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)