Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
dCDK12, recombinant expression of the His-tagged chimeric mutant Ctk1/12 kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain FY23 | Drosophila melanogaster |
hCDK12, recombinant expression of the His-tagged chimeric mutant Ctk1/12 kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain FY23 | Homo sapiens |
hCDK13, recombinant expression of the His-tagged chimeric mutant Ctk1/13 kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain FY23 | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | RNAi knockdown of dCDK12 in S2 cells. Chimeric yeast/human versions of Ctk1 containing the kinase homology domains of hCDK12/13 (or hCDK9) are functional in yeast cells (and also in vitro) | Drosophila melanogaster |
additional information | RNAi knockdown of hCDK12 in HeLa cells. Chimeric yeast/human versions of Ctk1 containing the kinase homology domains of hCDK12/13 (or hCDK9) are functional in yeast cells (and also in vitro). siRNA knockdown of hCDK12 in HeLa cells results in alterations in the CTD phosphorylation state | Homo sapiens |
additional information | RNAi knockdown of hCDK13 in HeLa cells. chimeric yeast/human versions of Ctk1 containing the kinase homology domains of hCDK12/13 (or hCDK9) are functional in yeast cells (and also in vitro) | Homo sapiens |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
chromatin | - |
Homo sapiens | 785 | - |
chromatin | dCDK12 is present on the transcribed regions of active genes. dCDK12 amounts are lower at the 5' end and higher in the middle and at the 3 end of genes (both normalized to RNAPII) | Drosophila melanogaster | 785 | - |
chromatin | distribution of hCDK12 on chromosomes, overview | Homo sapiens | 785 | - |
additional information | distribution of dCDK12 and hyperphosphorylated RNAPII (Pol II0) on Dm polytene chromosomes by fluorescence microscopy. The dCDK12 kinase appears to be closely associated with Pol II0, not only at loci expressed normally during development, but also at heat-shock loci | Drosophila melanogaster | - |
- |
nucleus | - |
Homo sapiens | 5634 | - |
nucleus | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | 5634 | - |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mg2+ | required | Homo sapiens | |
Mg2+ | required | Drosophila melanogaster |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + [DNA-directed RNA polymerase] | Homo sapiens | - |
ADP + phospho-[DNA-directed RNA polymerase] | - |
? | |
ATP + [DNA-directed RNA polymerase] | Drosophila melanogaster | Ser2 phosphorylation by dCDK12 in the C-terminal repeat domain, CTD | ADP + phospho-[DNA-directed RNA polymerase] | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Drosophila melanogaster | Q9VP22 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens | Q14004 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens | Q9NYV4 | - |
- |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
native hCDK13 from nuclear extracts of HeLa cells by Ion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography, recombinant His-tagged chimeric mutant Ctk1/13 kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain FY23 by cation exchange chromatography and nickel affinity chromatography | Homo sapiens |
recombinant His-tagged chimeric mutant Ctk1/12 kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain FY23 by cation exchange chromatography and nickel affinity chromatography | Drosophila melanogaster |
recombinant His-tagged chimeric mutant Ctk1/12 kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain FY23 by cation exchange chromatographyand nickel affinity chromatography | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
HeLa cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
S2 cell | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + GST-tagged yCTD fusion protein | hCDK13 purified from nuclear extracts displays CTD kinase activity in vitro with recombinant GST-tagged yeast CTD fusion proteins as substrate, hyperphosphorylation of the CTD by hCDK13 kinase | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
ATP + [DNA-directed RNA polymerase] | - |
Homo sapiens | ADP + phospho-[DNA-directed RNA polymerase] | - |
? | |
ATP + [DNA-directed RNA polymerase] | Ser2 phosphorylation by dCDK12 in the C-terminal repeat domain, CTD | Drosophila melanogaster | ADP + phospho-[DNA-directed RNA polymerase] | - |
? | |
ATP + [DNA-directed RNA polymerase] | Ser phosphorylation in the C-terminal repeat domain, CTD | Homo sapiens | ADP + phospho-[DNA-directed RNA polymerase] | - |
? | |
additional information | Drosophila CDK12 manifests CTD kinase activity in vitro | Drosophila melanogaster | ? | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
More | cyclin K is associated with purified dCDK12, implicating it as the cyclin subunit of this CTD kinase | Drosophila melanogaster |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
CG7597 | - |
Drosophila melanogaster |
CTD kinase | - |
Homo sapiens |
CTD kinase | - |
Drosophila melanogaster |
dCDK12 | - |
Homo sapiens |
dCDK12 | - |
Drosophila melanogaster |
dCDK13 | - |
Homo sapiens |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
ATP | - |
Homo sapiens | |
ATP | - |
Drosophila melanogaster | |
additional information | cyclin K is associated with purified dCDK12, implicating it as the cyclin subunit of this CTD kinase | Drosophila melanogaster |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
evolution | the human orthologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ctk1 is one or both of the isozyme pair, hCDK12-hCDK13 | Homo sapiens |
evolution | the metazoan orthologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ctk1 in Drosophila melanogaster is dCDK12 | Drosophila melanogaster |
malfunction | RNAi knockdown of dCDK12 in S2 cells alters the phosphorylation state of the CTD, reducing its Ser2 phosphorylation levels | Drosophila melanogaster |
metabolism | the majority of Ser2 phosphorylation on productively elongating RNAPII in Saccharomyces cerevisiae appears to be catalyzed by CTDK-I, a three-subunit enzyme consisting of Ctk1 (a CDK homologue), Ctk2 (a cyclin homologue), and Ctk3 | Drosophila melanogaster |