Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus-RIPL mutants auxotrophic for the amino acids L-alanine and beta-alanine | Arabidopsis thaliana |
locus At3g08860, DNA and amino acid sequence determination, analysis, and comparisons, recombinant expression of the enzyme lacking the N-terminal signal sequence and functional complementation of two Escherichia coli mutants (panD and HYE032) auxotrophic for the amino acids, L-alanine (proteinogenic) and beta-alanine (non-proteinogenic). The enzyme is not able to complement the Escherichia coli mutant DL39, that harbors a mutation in the tyrosine aminotransferase (tyrB) gene which leads to auxotrophy for L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine. Recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli | Arabidopsis thaliana |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.56 | - |
glyoxylate | at pH 8.0 and 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
0.63 | - |
L-alanine | at pH 8.0 and 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
mitochondrion | the first 93 nucleotides of the full-length cDNA are predicted to encode the signal sequence that denote localization to the mitochondria | Arabidopsis thaliana | 5739 | - |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-alanine + glyoxylate | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
pyruvate + glycine | - |
? | |
L-alanine + glyoxylate | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
pyruvate + glycine | - |
r | |
L-alanine + glyoxylate | Arabidopsis thaliana Col7 | - |
pyruvate + glycine | - |
? | |
L-alanine + glyoxylate | Arabidopsis thaliana Col7 | - |
pyruvate + glycine | - |
r |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9SR86 | - |
- |
Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9SR86 | ecotype Col 7 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Col7 | Q9SR86 | - |
- |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli | Arabidopsis thaliana |
TALON metal affinity resin column chromatography | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-alanine + glyoxylate | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | pyruvate + glycine | - |
? | |
L-alanine + glyoxylate | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | pyruvate + glycine | - |
r | |
L-alanine + glyoxylate | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Col7 | pyruvate + glycine | - |
? | |
L-alanine + glyoxylate | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Col7 | pyruvate + glycine | - |
r | |
additional information | enzymatic activity is not detected using beta-alanine as the amino donor with either pyruvate or glyoxylate as amino acceptors | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
- |
|
additional information | enzymatic activity is not detected using beta-alanine as the amino donor with either pyruvate or glyoxylate as amino acceptors | Arabidopsis thaliana Col7 | ? | - |
- |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
? | x * 50000, SDS-PAGE | Arabidopsis thaliana |
? | x * 50000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
alanine aminotransferase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase/beta-alanine:pyruvate aminotransferase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
At3g08860 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
At3g08860 | locus name | Arabidopsis thaliana |
L-alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
More | bifunctional enzyme, see also EC 2.6.1.18 | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
30 | - |
assay at | Arabidopsis thaliana |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
8 | - |
assay at | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | PLP | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Organism | Comment | Expression |
---|---|---|
Arabidopsis thaliana | the enzyme is specifically upregulated in response to osmotic stress, but not other stresses (beta-alanine is an osmoprotectant in plants) | up |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
evolution | aminotransferase enzymes function via a bimolecular double displacement ping-pong mechanism where an amino acid usually serves as the amino donor and an alpha-keto acid serves as the amino acceptor. Aminotransferases are ubiquitous in the three domains of life and are involved in a variety of metabolic pathways including amino acid metabolism, nitrogen assimilation, gluconeogenesis, responses to a number of biotic/abiotic stresses, and among other pathways. The aminotransferase gene family in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana consists of 44 genes, eight of which are suggested to be alanine aminotransferases. One of the putative alanine aminotransferases genes, At3g08860, is attributed the function of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase/beta-alanine:pyruvate aminotransferase based on the analysis of gene expression networks and homology to other beta-alanine aminotransferases in plants | Arabidopsis thaliana |
metabolism | the expression of At3g08860 is highly coordinated with the genes of the uracil degradation pathway leading to the non-proteinogenic amino acid beta-alanine | Arabidopsis thaliana |
additional information | structural analysis and homology modeling of the At3g08860-encoded enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana |
physiological function | the enzyme produces beta-alanine, which is an osmoprotectant in plants | Arabidopsis thaliana |