Literature summary for 2.5.1.44 extracted from

Li, B.; Kim, S.H.; Zhang, Y.; Hanfrey, C.C.; Elliott, K.A.; Ealick, S.E.; Michael, A.J.
Different polyamine pathways from bacteria have replaced eukaryotic spermidine biosynthesis in ciliates Tetrahymena thermophila and Paramecium tetaurelia (2015), Mol. Microbiol., 97, 791-807.

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Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Paramecium tetraurelia	-	-	-
Paramecium tetraurelia d4-2	-	-	-

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
HSS	-	Paramecium tetraurelia

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
evolution	in Paramecium, a bacterial homospermidine synthase replaces the eukaryotic genes encoding spermidine biosynthesis, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase. The Paramecium tetraurelia macronuclear genome does not encode any homologues of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase. Many eukaryotic parasites have lost the entire spermidine biosynthetic pathway but have in all cases retained the deoxyhypusine synthase gene required to post-translationally modify eIF5A. Replacement of spermidine with homospermidine is compatible with hypusine modification of eIF5A, loss of dependence on S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase for spermidine biosynthesis has the benefit ofdispensing with the use of metabolically expensive S-adenosyl-L-methionine and the methionine salvage pathway required to rescue methionine from methylthioadenosine, the coproduct of spermidine synthase	Paramecium tetraurelia
metabolism	Paramecium tetraurelia performs spermidine biosynthesis by aminopropylation of putrescine with production of methylthioadenosine from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine, it accumulates homospermidine and shows absence of a methionine salvage pathway. Paramecium tetraurelia encodes four paralogues of bacterial homospermidine synthase, and at least one of those paralogues is enzymatically active in vitro. Paramecium accumulates homospermidine, suggesting it replaces spermidine for growth. Paramecium tetraurelia encodes four paralogues of bacterial homospermidine synthase, and at least one of those paralogues is enzymatically active in vitro. Homospermidine supports eukaryotic cell growth and proliferation	Paramecium tetraurelia
additional information	homospermidine is a structural analogue of spermidine that is one methylene group longer, rendering homospermidine symmetrical	Paramecium tetraurelia

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)