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Literature summary for 2.5.1.21 extracted from

  • Patel, N.; Patel, P.; Kendurkar, S.; Thulasiram, H.; Khan, B.
    Overexpression of squalene synthase in Withania somnifera leads to enhanced withanolide biosynthesis (2015), Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 122, 409-420.
No PubMed abstract available
Search for more literature for 2.5.1.21

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene WsSQS, generation of T0 Withania somnifera plants overexpressing squalene synthase by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV2260 mediated transformation using high-expression pCAMBIA 1301 vector under the control of the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter, quantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis. Accumulation of SQS mRNA in the leaves and roots, and less in stems of transgenic plants, as well as tissue-specific accumulation of withanolides. Withaferin A and Withanolide A increase up to 2.0-2.5fold whereas the concentration of Withanolide B and Withanone reach only 1.2 and 1.3fold, respectively Withania somnifera

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information total withanolide content of enzyme overexpressing plants, WsSQS T0 transformed plants, and tissue distribution, overview Withania somnifera

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
membrane a membrane associated enzyme Withania somnifera 16020
-
microsome
-
 Withania somnifera
-
-

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
47000
-
 x * 47000, SDS-PAGE Withania somnifera

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
2 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + NADPH + H+ Withania somnifera
-
 squalene + 2 diphosphate + NADP+
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Withania somnifera H9L9T8 gene WsSQS
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
partially purified recombinant enzyme in microsomes is further purified by ultracentrifugation Withania somnifera

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
leaf
-
 Withania somnifera
-
additional information the age and type of donor tissue play crucial roles in the biochemistry of subsequent cultures lines. In vitro cultures have differential capacity to synthesize secondary metabolites depending on the morphological nature of type of explant utilized Withania somnifera
-
root
-
 Withania somnifera
-
stem
-
 Withania somnifera
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
2 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + NADPH + H+
-
 Withania somnifera squalene + 2 diphosphate + NADP+
-
 ?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
? x * 47000, SDS-PAGE Withania somnifera

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
SQS
-
 Withania somnifera

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
30
-
 assay at Withania somnifera

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
8
-
 assay at Withania somnifera

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADPH
-
 Withania somnifera

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction enzyme overexpression in transgenic Withania somnifera plants affects the shoot elongation and multiplication, phenotype, overview Withania somnifera
metabolism enzyme SQS operates at a branch point of the withanolide biosynthetic pathway regulating the metabolic flux and catalyzes the first committed step leading to the synthesis of different withanolides Withania somnifera