Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Platyrrhini |
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Macaca mulatta |
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Chlorocebus sabaeus |
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Pan troglodytes |
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Pongo pygmaeus |
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Erythrocebus patas |
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Saimiri sp. |
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Gorilla gorilla |
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Callithrix jacchus |
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Ateles sp. |
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis | Pongo abelii |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | Platyrrhini | - |
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | Saimiri sp. | - |
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | Callithrix jacchus | - |
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | Metatheria | - |
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | Ateles sp. | - |
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | Lemuridae | - |
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | Eutheria | - |
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Ateles sp. | - |
new world monkey, gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme | - |
Callithrix jacchus | Q8SQ20 | new world monkey, gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme | - |
Cercopithecoidea | - |
old world monkeys evolved into large populations of diverse species only during the late Miocene and subsequent periods, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme | - |
Chlorocebus sabaeus | - |
old world monkey, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme | - |
Erythrocebus patas | - |
old world mokey, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme | - |
Eutheria | - |
gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme | - |
Gorilla gorilla | - |
gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme | - |
Hominoidea | - |
apes, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme | - |
Homo sapiens | Q4G0N0 | gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme | - |
Lemuridae | - |
gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme | - |
Macaca mulatta | - |
old world monkey, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme | - |
Metatheria | - |
gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme | - |
Pan troglodytes | - |
gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme | - |
Platyrrhini | - |
new world monkey, gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme | - |
Platyrrhini | - |
new world monkeys, gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme | - |
Pongo abelii | - |
Sumatra, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme | - |
Pongo pygmaeus | - |
Borneo, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme | - |
Saimiri sp. | - |
new world monkey, gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | - |
Platyrrhini | UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | - |
Saimiri sp. | UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | - |
Callithrix jacchus | UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | - |
Metatheria | UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | - |
Ateles sp. | UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | - |
Lemuridae | UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? | |
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R | - |
Eutheria | UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Platyrrhini |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Macaca mulatta |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Chlorocebus sabaeus |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Pan troglodytes |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Pongo pygmaeus |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Erythrocebus patas |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Saimiri sp. |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Gorilla gorilla |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Hominoidea |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Callithrix jacchus |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Homo sapiens |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Metatheria |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Ateles sp. |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Pongo abelii |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Cercopithecoidea |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Lemuridae |
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase | - |
Eutheria |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Platyrrhini |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Macaca mulatta |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Chlorocebus sabaeus |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Pan troglodytes |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Pongo pygmaeus |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Erythrocebus patas |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Saimiri sp. |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Gorilla gorilla |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Hominoidea |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Callithrix jacchus |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Homo sapiens |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Metatheria |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Ateles sp. |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Pongo abelii |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Cercopithecoidea |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Lemuridae |
alpha1,3GT | - |
Eutheria |
GGTA1 | - |
Platyrrhini |
GGTA1 | - |
Macaca mulatta |
GGTA1 | - |
Chlorocebus sabaeus |
GGTA1 | - |
Pan troglodytes |
GGTA1 | - |
Pongo pygmaeus |
GGTA1 | - |
Erythrocebus patas |
GGTA1 | - |
Saimiri sp. |
GGTA1 | - |
Gorilla gorilla |
GGTA1 | - |
Callithrix jacchus |
GGTA1 | - |
Metatheria |
GGTA1 | - |
Ateles sp. |
GGTA1 | - |
Pongo abelii |
GGTA1 | - |
Eutheria |
GGTA1 | - |
Hominoidea |
GGTA1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
GGTA1 | - |
Cercopithecoidea |
GGTA1 | - |
Lemuridae |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope | Platyrrhini |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope | Hominoidea |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope | Homo sapiens |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope | Metatheria |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope | Cercopithecoidea |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope | Lemuridae |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope | Eutheria |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis | Platyrrhini |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis | Macaca mulatta |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis | Chlorocebus sabaeus |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis | Pan troglodytes |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis | Pongo pygmaeus |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis | Erythrocebus patas |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis | Saimiri sp. |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis | Gorilla gorilla |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis | Callithrix jacchus |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis | Ateles sp. |
evolution | alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis | Pongo abelii |