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Literature summary for 2.4.1.87 extracted from

  • Galili, U.
    Significance of the evolutionary alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) gene inactivation in preventing extinction of apes and old world monkeys (2014), J. Mol. Evol., 80, 1-9.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis Platyrrhini
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis Macaca mulatta
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis Chlorocebus sabaeus
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis Pan troglodytes
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis Pongo pygmaeus
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis Erythrocebus patas
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis Saimiri sp.
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis Gorilla gorilla
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis Callithrix jacchus
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis Ateles sp.
gene GGTA1, partial sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis Pongo abelii

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R Platyrrhini
-
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R Saimiri sp.
-
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R Callithrix jacchus
-
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R Metatheria
-
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R Ateles sp.
-
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R Lemuridae
-
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R Eutheria
-
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Ateles sp.
-
new world monkey, gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme
-
Callithrix jacchus Q8SQ20 new world monkey, gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme
-
Cercopithecoidea
-
old world monkeys evolved into large populations of diverse species only during the late Miocene and subsequent periods, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme
-
Chlorocebus sabaeus
-
old world monkey, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme
-
Erythrocebus patas
-
old world mokey, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme
-
Eutheria
-
gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme
-
Gorilla gorilla
-
gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme
-
Hominoidea
-
apes, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme
-
Homo sapiens Q4G0N0 gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme
-
Lemuridae
-
gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme
-
Macaca mulatta
-
old world monkey, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme
-
Metatheria
-
gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme
-
Pan troglodytes
-
gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme
-
Platyrrhini
-
new world monkey, gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme
-
Platyrrhini
-
new world monkeys, gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme
-
Pongo abelii
-
Sumatra, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme
-
Pongo pygmaeus
-
Borneo, gene GGTA1 encoding an inactivated enzyme
-
Saimiri sp.
-
new world monkey, gene GGTA1 encoding an active enzyme
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R
-
Platyrrhini UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R
-
Saimiri sp. UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R
-
Callithrix jacchus UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R
-
Metatheria UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R
-
Ateles sp. UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R
-
Lemuridae UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R
-
Eutheria UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-R
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Platyrrhini
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Macaca mulatta
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Chlorocebus sabaeus
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Pan troglodytes
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Pongo pygmaeus
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Erythrocebus patas
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Saimiri sp.
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Gorilla gorilla
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Hominoidea
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Callithrix jacchus
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Homo sapiens
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Metatheria
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Ateles sp.
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Pongo abelii
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Cercopithecoidea
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Lemuridae
alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase
-
Eutheria
alpha1,3GT
-
Platyrrhini
alpha1,3GT
-
Macaca mulatta
alpha1,3GT
-
Chlorocebus sabaeus
alpha1,3GT
-
Pan troglodytes
alpha1,3GT
-
Pongo pygmaeus
alpha1,3GT
-
Erythrocebus patas
alpha1,3GT
-
Saimiri sp.
alpha1,3GT
-
Gorilla gorilla
alpha1,3GT
-
Hominoidea
alpha1,3GT
-
Callithrix jacchus
alpha1,3GT
-
Homo sapiens
alpha1,3GT
-
Metatheria
alpha1,3GT
-
Ateles sp.
alpha1,3GT
-
Pongo abelii
alpha1,3GT
-
Cercopithecoidea
alpha1,3GT
-
Lemuridae
alpha1,3GT
-
Eutheria
GGTA1
-
Platyrrhini
GGTA1
-
Macaca mulatta
GGTA1
-
Chlorocebus sabaeus
GGTA1
-
Pan troglodytes
GGTA1
-
Pongo pygmaeus
GGTA1
-
Erythrocebus patas
GGTA1
-
Saimiri sp.
GGTA1
-
Gorilla gorilla
GGTA1
-
Callithrix jacchus
GGTA1
-
Metatheria
GGTA1
-
Ateles sp.
GGTA1
-
Pongo abelii
GGTA1
-
Eutheria
GGTA1
-
Hominoidea
GGTA1
-
Homo sapiens
GGTA1
-
Cercopithecoidea
GGTA1
-
Lemuridae

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope Platyrrhini
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope Hominoidea
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope Homo sapiens
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope Metatheria
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope Cercopithecoidea
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope Lemuridae
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope Eutheria
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis Platyrrhini
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis Macaca mulatta
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis Chlorocebus sabaeus
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis Pan troglodytes
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis Pongo pygmaeus
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis Erythrocebus patas
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis Saimiri sp.
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis Gorilla gorilla
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis Callithrix jacchus
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis Ateles sp.
evolution alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene displays unique evolutionary characteristics. This gene appeared early in mammalian evolution and is absent in other vertebrates. The alpha1,3GT gene is active in marsupials, nonprimate placental mammals, lemurs (prosimians) and New World monkeys, encoding the alpha1,3GT enzyme that synthesizes a carbohydrate antigen called alpha-gal epitope. The alpha-gal epitope is present in large numbers on cell membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins. The alpha1,3GT gene is inactivated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming premature stop codons. Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and naturally produce an antibody called the anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to alpha-gal epitopes and which is the most abundant antibody in humans. The evolutionary event that resulted in the inactivation of the alpha1,3GT gene in ancestral Old World primates might have been mediated by a pathogen endemic to Eurasia-Africa landmass that exerted pressure for selection of primate populations lacking the alpha-gal epitope. Once the alpha-gal epitope was eliminated, primates could produce the anti-Gal antibody, possibly as means of defense against pathogens expressing this epitope. Phylogenetic analysis Pongo abelii