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Literature summary for 2.4.1.19 extracted from
- Four aromatic residues in the active center of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. 1011: effects of replacements on substrate binding and cyclization characteristics (1994), Biochemistry, 33, 9929-9936.
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| nutrition | - |
Bacillus licheniformis |
| nutrition | - |
Niallia circulans |
| nutrition | important enzyme in food industry | Geobacillus stearothermophilus |
| nutrition | important enzyme in food industry | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
| nutrition | important enzyme in food industry | Paenibacillus macerans |
| pharmacology | important enzyme in pharmaceutical industry | Geobacillus stearothermophilus |
| pharmacology | important enzyme in pharmaceutical industry | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
| pharmacology | important enzyme in pharmaceutical industry | Paenibacillus macerans |
| synthesis | - |
Geobacillus stearothermophilus |
| synthesis | - |
Bacillus licheniformis |
| synthesis | - |
Niallia circulans |
| synthesis | - |
Paenibacillus macerans |
| synthesis | strain 1011, Y195L and Y195V CGTases acquired better characteristics for industrial use | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
- |
Geobacillus stearothermophilus |
- |
Bacillus licheniformis |
- |
Niallia circulans |
- |
Paenibacillus macerans |
| nucleotide sequence determined | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| nucleotide sequence determined | Bacillus ohbensis |
| sp. 17-1, nucleotide sequence determined | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
| sp. B1018, nucleotide sequence determined | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
Crystallization (Commentary)
| Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| crystals soaked with maltose | Geobacillus stearothermophilus |
| strain 1011 | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| F183L | strain 1011, decreases affinity of acarbose | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
| F255I | cyclodextrins undetectable | Geobacillus stearothermophilus |
| F259L | strain 1011, decreases affinity of acarbose | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
| F283L | strain 1011, decreases affinity of acarbose | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
| Y195F | strain 1011 | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
| Y195L | strain 1011, CGTase, in which Tyr-195 is replaced by a leucine residue, main initial product changed to gamma-cyclodextrin, absolute production being much larger than that of the wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
| Y195L | strain 1011 | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| acarbose | pseudotetrasaccharide, competitive inhibitor of the cyclization reaction | Geobacillus stearothermophilus |  |
| acarbose | - |
Niallia circulans | |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0556 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, mutant Y195F | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.0574 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.0618 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, mutant F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.0635 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, mutant Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.0724 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, mutant F283L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.08 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, mutant F183L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.0815 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, mutant F183L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.1 | - |
gamma-cyclodextrin | coupling activity, mutant Y195F and F283L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.11 | - |
beta-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.12 | - |
gamma-cyclodextrin | coupling activity, mutant wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.12 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, mutant F283L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.15 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, mutant F283L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.16 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.17 | - |
maltose | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, disproportionation, F283L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.2 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, wild-type and mutant Y195F | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.21 | - |
gamma-cyclodextrin | coupling activity, mutant F183L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.22 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, mutant Y195F | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.23 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, mutant F183L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.24 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, mutant F183L/F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.263 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, mutant F183L/F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.31 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, mutant Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.34 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, mutant Y195L and F183L/F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.35 | - |
gamma-cyclodextrin | coupling activity, mutant F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.38 | - |
maltose | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, disproportionation, Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.44 | - |
beta-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, mutant Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.48 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, mutant F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.49 | - |
maltose | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.51 | - |
gamma-cyclodextrin | coupling activity, mutant Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.55 | - |
alpha-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, mutant Y195F | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.56 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, mutant F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.57 | - |
alpha-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.59 | - |
maltose | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, disproportionation, Y195F | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.94 | - |
alpha-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, mutant F283L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 1.15 | - |
alpha-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, mutant F183L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 1.25 | - |
alpha-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, mutant F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 1.3 | - |
maltose | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, disproportionation, F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 1.42 | - |
maltose | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, disproportionation, F183L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 2.56 | - |
alpha-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, mutant Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 7.3 | - |
glucose | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, disproportionation, F283L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 9.8 | - |
glucose | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, disproportionation, Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 11.3 | - |
glucose | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, disproportionation, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 11.7 | - |
methyl-alpha-D-glucoside | coupling activity, mutant F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 12 | - |
methyl-alpha-D-glucoside | coupling activity, mutant Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 12 | - |
glucose | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, disproportionation, F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 15.9 | - |
glucose | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, disproportionation, Y195F | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 16.9 | - |
methyl-alpha-D-glucoside | coupling activity, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 17.4 | - |
methyl-alpha-D-glucoside | coupling activity, mutant Y195F | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 18.2 | - |
maltose | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, disproportionation, F183L/F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 39.9 | - |
methyl-alpha-D-glucoside | coupling activity, mutant F283L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 44 | - |
methyl-alpha-D-glucoside | coupling activity, mutant F183L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 57.8 | - |
glucose | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, disproportionation, F183L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 160 | - |
glucose | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, disproportionation, F183L/F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus licheniformis | - |
- |
- |
| Bacillus ohbensis | - |
- |
- |
| Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | - |
17-1 | - |
| Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | - |
1011 | - |
| Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | - |
B1018 | - |
| Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 1011 | - |
1011 | - |
| Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 17-1 | - |
17-1 | - |
| Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) B1018 | - |
B1018 | - |
| Geobacillus stearothermophilus | - |
- |
- |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | - |
- |
- |
| Niallia circulans | - |
B. sp. var. alkalophilus No. 38-2, ATCC 21783 | - |
| Paenibacillus macerans | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| strain 1011, wild-type and mutants | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + D-glucose | strain 1011, disproportionation | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltose | - |
? | |
| 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + D-glucose | strain 1011, disproportionation | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 1011 | 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltose | - |
? | |
| 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + D-glucose | strain 1011, disproportionation | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 17-1 | 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltose | - |
? | |
| 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + D-glucose | strain 1011, disproportionation | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) B1018 | 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltose | - |
? | |
| 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + maltose | strain 1011, disproportionation | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltotriose | - |
? | |
| 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + maltose | strain 1011, disproportionation | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 1011 | 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltotriose | - |
? | |
| 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + maltose | strain 1011, disproportionation | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 17-1 | 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltotriose | - |
? | |
| 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside + maltose | strain 1011, disproportionation | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) B1018 | 3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltotetraoside + maltotriose | - |
? | |
| alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor | - |
Paenibacillus macerans | cyclodextrins | - |
r | |
| alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor | strain 1011 | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | cyclodextrins | - |
r | |
| alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor | strain 1011 | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 1011 | cyclodextrins | - |
r | |
| alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor | strain 1011 | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 17-1 | cyclodextrins | - |
r | |
| alpha-1,4-glucan + glycosyl acceptor | strain 1011 | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) B1018 | cyclodextrins | - |
r | |
| cyclodextrins + acceptor | strain 1011, cyclodextrin ring opening | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | linear maltooligosaccharide | - |
r | |
| cyclodextrins + acceptor | strain 1011, cyclodextrin ring opening | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 1011 | linear maltooligosaccharide | - |
r | |
| cyclodextrins + acceptor | strain 1011, cyclodextrin ring opening | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 17-1 | linear maltooligosaccharide | - |
r | |
| cyclodextrins + acceptor | strain 1011, cyclodextrin ring opening | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) B1018 | linear maltooligosaccharide | - |
r | |
| linear maltooligosaccharide + acceptor | strain 1011, disproportionation reaction | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | ? | - |
r | |
| linear maltooligosaccharide + acceptor | strain 1011, disproportionation reaction | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 1011 | ? | - |
r | |
| linear maltooligosaccharide + acceptor | strain 1011, disproportionation reaction | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) 17-1 | ? | - |
r | |
| linear maltooligosaccharide + acceptor | strain 1011, disproportionation reaction | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) B1018 | ? | - |
r | |
| methyl-alpha-D-glucoside + glycosyl acceptor | - |
Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | cyclodextrins | - |
? | |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.00183 | - |
alpha-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, mutant Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.00267 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, mutant F183L/F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.00383 | - |
alpha-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, mutant F283L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.0095 | - |
beta-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.012 | - |
alpha-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, mutant F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.014 | - |
beta-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, mutant Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.0183 | - |
alpha-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, mutant F183L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.0255 | - |
alpha-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, mutant Y195F | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.035 | - |
starch | coupling activity, mutant F283L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.0442 | - |
alpha-cyclodextrin | hydrolyzing activity, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.122 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, mutant F183L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.122 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | mutant strain F283L, acceptor glucose, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.137 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, mutant Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.137 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, mutant F283L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.148 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, mutant F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.178 | - |
starch | coupling activity, mutant F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.2 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, mutant F283L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.315 | - |
starch | coupling activity, mutant Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.345 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | mutant strain F259L, acceptor glucose, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.423 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, mutant F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.482 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, mutant Y195F | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.487 | - |
starch | coupling activity, mutant Y195F | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.508 | - |
starch | strain 1011, beta-cyclodextrin-forming activity, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 0.818 | - |
starch | coupling activity, mutant F183L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 1.13 | - |
starch | coupling activity, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 1.97 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | mutant strain Y195L, acceptor glucose, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 2.2 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, mutant Y195L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 2.32 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | mutant strain Y195F, acceptor glucose, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 2.63 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, mutant F183L/F259L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 3.2 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, mutant Y195F | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 3.38 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 3.8 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | mutant strain F183L/F259L, acceptor glucose, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 4.07 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor glucose, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 5.55 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | strain 1011, acceptor maltose, mutant F183L | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
| 15.5 | - |
3-ketobutylidene-beta-2-chloro-4-nitrophenylmaltopentaoside | mutant strain F183L, acceptor glucose, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) | |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.5 | - |
- |
Geobacillus stearothermophilus |
| 5.5 | - |
- |
Niallia circulans |
| 5.5 | - |
- |
Paenibacillus macerans |
| 5.5 | - |
- |
Bacillus ohbensis |
| 5.5 | - |
strain 1011, wild-type | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
pH Range
| pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 9 | strain 1011, wild-type and mutant enzymes retain 80% activity | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
pH Stability
| pH Stability | pH Stability Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.5 | 11 | strain 1011, wild-type and mutant enzyme, stable at 37°C for 30 min | Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) |
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