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Literature summary for 2.4.1.186 extracted from
- LC-MS/MS characterization of combined glycogenin-1 and glycogenin-2 enzymatic activities reveals their self-glucosylation preferences (2014), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1844, 398-405.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| recombinant expression of His6-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes glycogenin-1 in HEK-293 cells. Coexpression of wild-type glycogenin-2 together with different glycogenin-1 variants using a cell-free system, coexpression of functional glycogenin-1 and glycogenin-2 increases the glucosylation of glycogenin-2 | Homo sapiens |
| recombinant expression of His6-tagged wild-type and mutant glycogenin-2 in HEK-293 cells. Coexpression of wild-type glycogenin-2 together with different glycogenin-1 variants using a cell-free system, coexpression of functional glycogenin-1 and glycogenin-2 increases the glucosylation of glycogenin-2 | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| T83M | naturally occuring mutation of glycogenin-1, earlier detected in a patient with glycogen depletion in the skeletal muscle, the mutated glycogenin-1 is catalytically inactive and unable to become self-glucosylated or glycosylated by wild-type glycogenin-2, but it can be glucosylated by the catalytically active Y195F glycogenin-1 mutant | Homo sapiens |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mn2+ | required | Homo sapiens |  |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin-1 | Homo sapiens | self-glucosylation of the glycosyltransferase glycogenin-1 | UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin-1 | - |
? | |
| UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin-2 | Homo sapiens | self-glucosylation of the glycosyltransferase glycogenin-2 | UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin-2 | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | O15488 | - |
- |
| Homo sapiens | P46976 | - |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| recombinant His6-tagged wild-type and mutant glycogenin-1 from HEK-293 cells by nickel affinity chromatography | Homo sapiens |
| recombinant His6-tagged wild-type and mutant glycogenin-2 from HEK-293 cells by nickel affinity chromatography | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| adipose tissue | from breast tissue | Homo sapiens | - |
| cardiac muscle | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| liver | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | endogenous glycogenin-2 is glucosylated in all human tissues examined. Glycogenin-2 is most strongly expressed and detected in adipose tissue both with and without alpha-amylase treatment | Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | in addition to its expression in the liver, glycogenin-1 is also clearly expressed in skeletal and heart muscle and weakly in adipose tissue but detectable only after alpha-amylase treatment | Homo sapiens | - |
| skeletal muscle | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | glycosylated HLPFIYNLSSNTMYTYSPAFK peptide products originating from glycogenin-2, mass spectrometric analysis, overview | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin-1 | self-glucosylation of the glycosyltransferase glycogenin-1 | Homo sapiens | UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin-1 | - |
? | |
| UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin-2 | self-glucosylation of the glycosyltransferase glycogenin-2 | Homo sapiens | UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin-2 | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| glycogenin-1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| glycogenin-2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | glycogenin-2 is unable to glucosylate inactive glycogenin-1, at least not an enzymatically inactivated Thr83Met glycogenin-1 mutant, recently identified in a patient with severe glycogen depletion | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | glycogen synthesis is initiated by self-glucosylation of the glycosyltransferases glycogenin-1 and -2 that, in the presence of UDP-glucose, form both the first glucose-O-tyrosine linkage, and then stepwise add a series of alpha1,4-linked glucoses to a growing chain of variable length. The self-glucosylation endpoint is only 0-4 glucose units on Tyr228 of glycogenin-2. The glucosylation of glycogenin-2 is enhanced to 2-4 glucose units by the presence of enzymatically active glycogenin-1 | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | glycogen synthesis is initiated by self-glucosylation of the glycosyltransferases glycogenin-1 and -2 that, in the presence of UDP-glucose, form both the first glucose-O-tyrosine linkage, and then stepwise add a series of alpha1,4-linked glucoses to a growing chain of variable length. The self-glucosylation endpoint is the incorporation of 4-8 glucose units on Tyr195 of glycogenin-1 | Homo sapiens |
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