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Literature summary for 2.4.1.135 extracted from

  • Itoh, K.; Akimoto, Y.; Kondo, S.; Ichimiya, T.; Aoki, K.; Tiemeyer, M.; Nishihara, S.
    Glucuronylated core 1 glycans are required for precise localization of neuromuscular junctions and normal formation of basement membranes on Drosophila muscles (2018), Dev. Biol., 436, 108-124 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
genetic interaction between dGlcAT-P and dC1GalT1, recombinant expression of dGlcAT-I, dGlcAT-P-II, and dGlcAT-S-I in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf21 insect cells Drosophila melanogaster

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information creation of dGlcAT-P null mutants, mutant larvae show lower expression of glucuronylated T antigen on the muscles and at NMJs. Mislocalization of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) boutons and a partial loss of the basement membrane components collagen IV (Col IV) and nidogen (Ndg) at the muscle 6/7 boundary are observed. Those two phenotypes are correlated and identical to previously described phenotypes in dC1GalT1 mutant larvae. In addition, dGlcAT-P null mutants exhibit fewer NMJ branches on muscles 6/7. Ultrastructural analysis reveals that basement membranes that lacks Col IV and Ndg are significantly deformed. The loss of dGlcAT-P expression causes ultrastructural defects in NMJ boutons Drosophila melanogaster

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
basement membrane a specialized extracellular matrix that underlies the epithelium and surrounds other tissues, including muscles, fat, and nerve fibers Drosophila melanogaster 5604
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additional information immunohistochemic analysis Drosophila melanogaster
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neuromuscular junction NMJ Drosophila melanogaster 31594
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Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + [protein]-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl)-L-serine Drosophila melanogaster
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UDP + [protein]-3-O-(beta-D-GlcA-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Xyl)-L-serine
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?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Drosophila melanogaster M9NE76
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-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
embryo
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Drosophila melanogaster
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hemocyte
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Drosophila melanogaster
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larva
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Drosophila melanogaster
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additional information immunohistochemic analysis Drosophila melanogaster
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muscle fibre
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Drosophila melanogaster
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S2 cell
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Drosophila melanogaster
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wing disc larval Drosophila melanogaster
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
additional information analysis of glycan structure by mass spectrometry. Activity analysis of enzyme splicing variants, overview Drosophila melanogaster ?
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UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + [protein]-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl)-L-serine
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Drosophila melanogaster UDP + [protein]-3-O-(beta-D-GlcA-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Xyl)-L-serine
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase UniProt Drosophila melanogaster
GlcAT-P
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Drosophila melanogaster

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
25
-
assay at Drosophila melanogaster

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
6.5
-
assay at Drosophila melanogaster

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction dGlcAT-P null mutants larvae show lower expression of glucuronylated T antigen on the muscles and at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Mislocalization of NMJ boutons and a partial loss of the basement membrane components collagen IV (Col IV) and nidogen (Ndg) at the muscle 6/7 boundary are observed. The phenotypes correlate to previously described phenotypes in dC1GalT1 mutant larvae. dGlcAT-P null mutants exhibit fewer NMJ branches on muscles 6/7 compared to wild-type. Basement membranes that lack Col IV and Ndg are significantly deformed. The loss of dGlcAT-P expression causes ultrastructural defects in NMJ boutons. Genetic interaction between dGlcAT-P and dC1GalT1 is determined. Phenotypes of dGlcAT-P mutants, detailed overview Drosophila melanogaster
metabolism genetic interaction between dGlcAT-P and dC1GalT1 (EC 2.4.1.122), and glucuronylated T antigen, rather than unmodified T antigen, contributes to precise localization of NMJ boutons and normal formation of basement membranes on muscles 6/7. Glucuronylated core 1 glycans synthesized by dGlcAT-P are key modulators of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) bouton localization, basement membrane formation, and NMJ arborization on larval muscles. In Drosophila, three major mucin-type O-glycan structures, i.e. Tn antigen (GalNAcalpha1-Ser/Thr), unmodified T antigen (core 1 or Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-Ser/Thr), and glucuronylated T antigen (glucuronylated core 1 or GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-Ser/Thr), have been reported. And three Drosophila beta1,3-glucuronyltransferases (dGlcATs), dGlcAT-I (DmGlcAT-I), dGlcAT-S (DmGlcAT-BSI), and dGlcAT-P (DmGlcAT-BSII), have been reported in Drosophila. Both dGlcAT-P and dGlcAT-S can transfer GlcA to T antigen in vitro, whereas only dGlcAT-P modifies T antigen in S2 cells Drosophila melanogaster
physiological function the major components of basement membrane are proteins modified by glycans. In Drosophila, glucuronylation of T antigen is predominantly carried out by Drosophila beta1,3-glucuronyltransferase-P (dGlcAT-P). T antigen formation occurs mainly due to the activity of Drosophila C1GalT1 orthologue Drosophila melanogaster