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Literature summary for 2.3.2.13 extracted from
- Tissue transglutaminase activity in human gastric mucosa according to Helicobacter pylori infection (2018), Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood), 243, 1161-1164 .
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | in normal conditions, t-TG in the cytosol and extracellular matrix is predominantly in a closed conformation, maintained by guanine nucleotide and/or integrin bindings. Physical or chemical injury opens the conformation and activates the enzyme | Homo sapiens |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cytosol | - |
Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
| extracellular | extracellular matrix | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ca2+ | the enzyme is calcium-dependent | Homo sapiens |  |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| protein glutamine + alkylamine | Homo sapiens | - |
protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | P21980 | - |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| gastric mucosa | patients with Helicobacter pylori negative gastritis have higher t-TG activity than patients with healthy, unifected gastric mucosa | Homo sapiens | - |
| stomach | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dimethyl casein glutamine + putrescine | - |
Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| protein glutamine + alkylamine | - |
Homo sapiens | protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3 | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| t-TG | - |
Homo sapiens |
| tissue transglutaminase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| tissue-TG | - |
Homo sapiens |
Expression
| Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | antral t-TG activity is significantly increased in Helicobacter pylori positive patients compared to Helicobacter pylori negative patients. The activity of t-TG is higher in patients harboring cagA positive strains vs. cagA negative strains | up |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| physiological function | tissue transglutaminase (t-TG) is a multifunctional protein involved in the healing of gastric erosions and ulcers in animal models. Determination of increased gastric t-TG activity in patients with dyspepsia according to Helicobacter pylori infection and cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA) subtype status. t-TG activity is significantly greater in gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, suggesting that this enzyme is induced by inflammation and may have an important role in the natural history of human gastritis. Tissue-TG is expressed at sites of inflammation, and can act as a modulator of inflammation, exerting both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. The enzyme covalently cross-links a variety of proteins in the extracellular matrix, increasing fibrosis in order to favor wound healing by increasing resistance to chemical, enzymatic, and physical disruption | Homo sapiens |
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