Literature summary for 2.3.2.13 extracted from

Liu, S.; Wang, M.; Du, G.; Chen, J.
Improving the active expression of transglutaminase in Streptomyces lividans by promoter engineering and codon optimization (2016), BMC Biotechnol., 16, 75 .

Application

Application	Comment	Organism
food industry	the enzyme is important in the food industry	Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene tg1, gene structure of tg1, the Streptomyces hygroscopicus TGase ORF is composed of a secretory signal peptide gene, a pro-peptide gene, and the mature TGase gene, the upstream and downstream sequences of the ORF contain a putative promoter and a putative terminator, respectively, recombinant enzyme expression from codon-optimized gene with engineered promoter in Streptomyces lividans strain TK24 yielding Streptomyces lividans TK24/pIJ86/tg1, the extracellular TGase is secreted. The complete promoter of TGase can be restricted to the sequence from -693 to -48 in tg1. Because the region from -198 to -148 negatively affects the expression, this region is deleted from the complete promoter (-693 to -48), which yields the TGase expression plasmid pTGO. Codon optimization of the TGase gene	Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Cloned (Comment)

Organism

gene tg1, gene structure of tg1, the Streptomyces hygroscopicus TGase ORF is composed of a secretory signal peptide gene, a pro-peptide gene, and the mature TGase gene, the upstream and downstream sequences of the ORF contain a putative promoter and a putative terminator, respectively, recombinant enzyme expression from codon-optimized gene with engineered promoter in Streptomyces lividans strain TK24 yielding Streptomyces lividans TK24/pIJ86/tg1, the extracellular TGase is secreted. The complete promoter of TGase can be restricted to the sequence from -693 to -48 in tg1. Because the region from -198 to -148 negatively affects the expression, this region is deleted from the complete promoter (-693 to -48), which yields the TGase expression plasmid pTGO. Codon optimization of the TGase gene

Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	deletion analysis of the TGase promoter, the pro-peptide is essential for the correct folding of Streptomyces TGase, TGase is usually expressed in an inactive pro-TGase form, which is then converted to active TGase by the addition of activating proteases in vitro	Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
protein glutamine + alkylamine	Streptomyces hygroscopicus	-	protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3	-	?
protein glutamine + alkylamine	Streptomyces hygroscopicus WSH03-13	-	protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Streptomyces hygroscopicus	P81453	-	-
Streptomyces hygroscopicus WSH03-13	P81453	-	-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification	Comment	Organism
proteolytic modification	transglutaminases (TGase) are synthesized as a zymogen (pro-TGase) in Streptomyces sp., the pro-peptide is essential for the correct folding of Streptomyces TGase, TGase is expressed in an inactive pro-TGase form, which is then converted to active TGase by activating proteases	Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.
additional information	transglutaminase (TGase) is an enzyme that exhibits several catalytic activities: the crosslinking of proteins by forming Nepsilon-(gamma-glutamyl) lysine bonds, the incorporation of polyamines into protein, and the deamidation of protein-bound glutamines	Streptomyces hygroscopicus	?	-	-
additional information	transglutaminase (TGase) is an enzyme that exhibits several catalytic activities: the crosslinking of proteins by forming Nepsilon-(gamma-glutamyl) lysine bonds, the incorporation of polyamines into protein, and the deamidation of protein-bound glutamines	Streptomyces hygroscopicus WSH03-13	?	-	-
protein glutamine + alkylamine	-	Streptomyces hygroscopicus	protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3	-	?
protein glutamine + alkylamine	-	Streptomyces hygroscopicus WSH03-13	protein N5-alkylglutamine + NH3	-	?

Subunits

Subunits	Comment	Organism
?	x * 38000, recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE	Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
TGase	-	Streptomyces hygroscopicus
transglutaminase	-	Streptomyces hygroscopicus