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Literature summary for 2.3.1.76 extracted from
- Acyl CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) activity is present in bovine retinal pigment epithelium (2005), Exp. Eye Res., 82, 111-121.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| expression in HEK-293T cells | Bos taurus |
| expression in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| all-trans-retinylbromoacetate | - |
Bos taurus |  |
| progesterone | - |
Bos taurus | |
| XP620 | selective isozyme DGAT1 inhibitor, inhibits the diacylglycerol acyltransferase and the retinol acyltransferase activities at the retinol recognition site, inhibition of 85% of retinyl ester production in intact differentiated Caco-2 cells, IC50: 88.7 nM | Homo sapiens | |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
additional information | kinetics | Bos taurus | |
| additional information | - |
additional information | kinetics, recombinant enzyme | Homo sapiens | |
| 0.0041 | - |
all-trans-retinol | pH 7.5, 37°C, retinal pigment epithelium microsomes | Bos taurus | |
| 0.0041 | 0.0048 | all-trans-retinol | depending on assay method | Bos taurus | |
| 0.0087 | - |
11-cis-retinol | - |
Bos taurus | |
| 0.0087 | - |
11-cis-retinol | pH 7.5, 37°C, retinal pigment epithelium microsomes | Bos taurus | |
| 0.0139 | - |
palmitoyl-CoA | pH 7.4, 37°C, recombinant enzyme | Homo sapiens | |
| 0.0259 | - |
retinol | pH 7.4, 37°C, recombinant enzyme | Homo sapiens | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| membrane | - |
Homo sapiens | 16020 | - |
| microsome | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
- |
| microsome | - |
Bos taurus | - |
- |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | Bos taurus | ARAT may complement LRAT, EC 2.3.1.135, to provide additional retinyl-ester synthase activity under conditions of high all-trans-retinol | ? | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + 11-cis-retinol | Bos taurus | - |
CoA + 11-cis-retinyl palmitate | - |
r | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + all-trans-retinol | Bos taurus | - |
CoA + all-trans-retinyl palmitate | - |
r | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + retinol | Homo sapiens | - |
CoA + retinyl palmitate | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bos taurus | - |
- |
- |
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
Reaction
| Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| acyl-CoA + retinol = CoA + retinyl ester | enzyme mechanism and role in the visual cycle | Bos taurus |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caco-2 cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| eye | - |
Bos taurus | - |
| liver | - |
Bos taurus | - |
| retinal pigment epithelium | - |
Bos taurus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | ARAT may complement LRAT, EC 2.3.1.135, to provide additional retinyl-ester synthase activity under conditions of high all-trans-retinol | Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the reaction is also catalyzed by the acyl coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, DGAT, EC 2.3.1.22 | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + 11-cis-retinol | - |
Bos taurus | CoA + 11-cis-retinylpalmitate | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + 11-cis-retinol | - |
Bos taurus | CoA + 11-cis-retinyl palmitate | - |
r | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + all-trans-retinol | - |
Bos taurus | CoA + all-trans-retinylpalmitate | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + all-trans-retinol | - |
Bos taurus | CoA + all-trans-retinyl palmitate | - |
r | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + retinol | - |
Homo sapiens | CoA + retinyl palmitate | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| acyl CoA:retinol acyltransferase | - |
Bos taurus |
| acyl coenzyme A:retinol acyltransferase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| ArAT | - |
Homo sapiens |
| ArAT | - |
Bos taurus |
| DGAT1/ARAT | - |
Homo sapiens |
| More | cf. EC 2.3.1.135 | Bos taurus |
| More | cf. EC 2.3.1.22 | Homo sapiens |
| retinyl-ester synthase | - |
Bos taurus |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | - |
assay at | Bos taurus |
| 37 | - |
in vivo and in vitro assay at | Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.4 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
| 7.5 | 8 | assay at | Bos taurus |
Ki Value [mM]
| Ki Value [mM] | Ki Value maximum [mM] | Inhibitor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
additional information | inhibition kinetics depend highly on retinol concentration, overview, recombinant enzyme | Homo sapiens | |
| 0.000045 | - |
XP620 | pH 7.4, 37°C, recombinant enzyme | Homo sapiens | |
IC50 Value
| IC50 Value | IC50 Value Maximum | Comment | Organism | Inhibitor | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0000887 | - |
selective isozyme DGAT1 inhibitor, inhibits the diacylglycerol acyltransferase and the retinol acyltransferase activities at the retinol recognition site, inhibition of 85% of retinyl ester production in intact differentiated Caco-2 cells, IC50: 88.7 nM | Homo sapiens | XP620 | |
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