Literature summary for 2.3.1.30 extracted from

Xiang, X.; Wu, Y.; Planta, J.; Messing, J.; Leustek, T.
Overexpression of serine acetyltransferase in maize leaves increases seed-specific methionine-rich zeins (2018), Plant Biotechnol. J., 16, 1057-1067 .

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene cysE, recombinant overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana AtSAT1 in Zea mays leaves lines OE1 and OE3 under control of the leaf bundle sheath cell-specific rbcS1 promoter resulting in 12fold higher SAT activity, increased S-assimilation in the leaves, and higher levels of storage protein mRNA and storage proteins, particularly the 10-kDa D-zein, during endosperm development. Quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, the measured enzyme activity is a combination of endogenous SAT and that derived from expression of AtSAT1	Arabidopsis thaliana

Cloned (Comment)

Organism

gene cysE, recombinant overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana AtSAT1 in Zea mays leaves lines OE1 and OE3 under control of the leaf bundle sheath cell-specific rbcS1 promoter resulting in 12fold higher SAT activity, increased S-assimilation in the leaves, and higher levels of storage protein mRNA and storage proteins, particularly the 10-kDa D-zein, during endosperm development. Quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis, the measured enzyme activity is a combination of endogenous SAT and that derived from expression of AtSAT1

Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana AtSAT1 in maize under control of the leaf bundle sheath cell-specific rbcS1 promoter to determine the impact on seed storage protein expression. The transgenic events exhibit up to 12fold higher SAT activity without negative impact on growth. S-assimilation is increased in the leaves of SAT overexpressing plants, followed by higher levels of storage protein mRNA and storage proteins, particularly the 10-kDa D-zein, during endosperm development. This zein is known to impact the level of Met stored in kernels. The elite event with the highest expression of AtSAT1 shows 1.40fold increase in kernel Met. Efficacy of increasing maize nutritional value by SAT overexpression without apparent yield loss. Maternal overexpression of SAT in vegetative tissues is necessary for high-Met zein accumulation. Moreover, SAT overcomes the shortage of S-amino acids that limits the expression and accumulation of high-Met zeins during kernel development. Mature kernels of AtSAT1 overexpressing maize show changes in zein expression profile. The measured enzyme activity is a combination of endogenous SAT and that derived from expression of AtSAT1	Zea mays
additional information	the transgenic events in Zea mays leaves exhibit up to 12fold higher SAT activity without negative impact on growth. S-assimilation is increased in the leaves of SAT overexpressing plants, followed by higher levels of storage protein mRNA and storage proteins, particularly the 10-kDa D-zein, during endosperm development. This zein is known to impact the level of Met stored in kernels. The elite event with the highest expression of AtSAT1 shows 1.40fold increase in kernel Met	Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
cytosol	AtSAT1 protein lacks a transit peptide	Arabidopsis thaliana	5829	-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
acetyl-CoA + L-serine	Arabidopsis thaliana	-	CoA + O-acetyl-L-serine	-	?
acetyl-CoA + L-serine	Zea mays	-	CoA + O-acetyl-L-serine	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana	Q42588	-	-
Zea mays	A0A3L6DLJ7	-	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
kernel	-	Zea mays	-
leaf	-	Arabidopsis thaliana	-
leaf	-	Zea mays	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
acetyl-CoA + L-serine	-	Arabidopsis thaliana	CoA + O-acetyl-L-serine	-	?
acetyl-CoA + L-serine	-	Zea mays	CoA + O-acetyl-L-serine	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
AtSAT1	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
SAT	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
SAT	-	Zea mays
SAT1	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
SAT1	-	Zea mays
serine acetyltransferase	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
serine acetyltransferase	-	Zea mays
serine acetyltransferase 1	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
serine acetyltransferase 1	-	Zea mays

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
acetyl-CoA	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
acetyl-CoA	-	Zea mays

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
malfunction	overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana serine acetyltransferase in maize leaves increases seed-specific methionine-rich zeins, overexpression has the effect of, not only enhancing S-assimilation, but also, indirectly impacting expression of high-Met seed storage proteins	Zea mays
metabolism	serine acetyltransferase (SAT) is a key control point for S-assimilation leading to Cys and Met biosynthesis	Arabidopsis thaliana
metabolism	serine acetyltransferase (SAT) is a key control point for S-assimilation leading to Cys and Met biosynthesis. Met synthesis in maize is not strictly controlled by the enzyme cystathionine gamma-synthase (CGS)	Zea mays
physiological function	serine acetyltransferase (SAT) is a key control point for S-assimilation leading to Cys and Met biosynthesis	Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function	serine acetyltransferase (SAT) is a key control point for S-assimilation leading to Cys and Met biosynthesis. SAT overexpression is known to enhance S-assimilation without negative impact on plant growth, it increases seed-specific methionine-rich D-zeins	Zea mays