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Literature summary for 2.3.1.178 extracted from
- Genetic and biochemical aspects of ectoine biosynthesis in moderately halophilic and halotolerant methylotrophic bacteria (2010), Am. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 5, 446-458.
No PubMed abstract available
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| carbonates | - |
Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum | |
| carbonates | - |
Methylophaga alcalica |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene ectA, ectABC operon, in Marinococcus halophilus, the transcription of ectABC genes is initiated from three individual sigma70/sigmaA-promoters locate upstream of each gene | Marinococcus halophilus |
| gene ectA, encoded in ectABC, transcription of the ectABC-ask operon is initiated from two sigma70-dependent promoters ectAp1 and ectAp2. Gene ectR1 encodes the MarR-like transcriptional regulator EctR that is involved in the regulation of ectABC, overview | Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum |
| our putative promoters (?ectA1-4) are located upstream of the ectA gene and one internal promoter PectB is upstream of the ectB gene | Chromohalobacter salexigens |
General Stability
| General Stability | Organism |
|---|---|
| low stability of the purified enzyme | Halomonas elongata |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| carbonates | - |
Methylophaga thalassica | |
| Cu2+ | completely inhibits activity of the DABA acetyltransferase at 1 mM | Methylophaga alcalica |  |
| Cu2+ | 47% inhibition at 1 mM | Methylophaga thalassica | |
| additional information | no inhibition by 1 mM Cu2+ | Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum | |
| NaCl | - |
Methylophaga alcalica | |
| NaCl | - |
Methylophaga thalassica | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | no requirement for divalent ions | Methylophaga thalassica | |
| additional information | no requirement for divalent ions | Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum | |
| additional information | no requirement for divalent ions | Methylophaga alcalica | |
| NaCl | the enzyme is activated by 0.2 M NaCl | Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20000 | - |
2 * 20000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE | Methylophaga thalassica |
| 20000 | - |
2 * 20000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE | Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum |
| 20000 | - |
2 * 20000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE | Methylophaga alcalica |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | Sporosarcina pasteurii | - |
CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | Methylophaga thalassica | - |
CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | Halomonas elongata | - |
CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum | - |
CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | Marinococcus halophilus | - |
CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | Halobacillus halophilus | - |
CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | Chromohalobacter salexigens | - |
CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | Brevibacterium epidermidis | - |
CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | Methylophaga alcalica | - |
CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | Halomonas elongata KS3 | - |
CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brevibacterium epidermidis | - |
gene ectA encoded in the ectABC operon | - |
| Chromohalobacter salexigens | - |
gene ectA encoded in the ectABC operon | - |
| Halobacillus halophilus | - |
gene ectA encoded in the ectABC operon | - |
| Halomonas elongata | - |
- |
- |
| Halomonas elongata KS3 | - |
- |
- |
| Marinococcus halophilus | - |
gene ectA encoded in the ectABC operon | - |
| Methylophaga alcalica | - |
gene ectA | - |
| Methylophaga thalassica | - |
gene ectA | - |
| Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum | - |
gene ectA | - |
| Sporosarcina pasteurii | - |
gene ectA encoded in the ectABC operon | - |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| about 400fold | Halomonas elongata |
| recombinant His-tagged enzyme | Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
Sporosarcina pasteurii | CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
Methylophaga thalassica | CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
Halomonas elongata | CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum | CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
Marinococcus halophilus | CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
Halobacillus halophilus | CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
Chromohalobacter salexigens | CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
Brevibacterium epidermidis | CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
Methylophaga alcalica | CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
| acetyl-CoA + L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
Halomonas elongata KS3 | CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| homodimer | 2 * 20000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE | Methylophaga thalassica |
| homodimer | 2 * 20000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE | Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum |
| homodimer | 2 * 20000, recombinant His-tagged enzyme, SDS-PAGE | Methylophaga alcalica |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| DABA acetyltransferase | - |
Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| DABA acetyltransferase | - |
Methylophaga thalassica |
| DABA acetyltransferase | - |
Halomonas elongata |
| DABA acetyltransferase | - |
Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum |
| DABA acetyltransferase | - |
Marinococcus halophilus |
| DABA acetyltransferase | - |
Halobacillus halophilus |
| DABA acetyltransferase | - |
Chromohalobacter salexigens |
| DABA acetyltransferase | - |
Brevibacterium epidermidis |
| DABA acetyltransferase | - |
Methylophaga alcalica |
| EctA | - |
Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| EctA | - |
Methylophaga thalassica |
| EctA | - |
Halomonas elongata |
| EctA | - |
Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum |
| EctA | - |
Marinococcus halophilus |
| EctA | - |
Halobacillus halophilus |
| EctA | - |
Chromohalobacter salexigens |
| EctA | - |
Brevibacterium epidermidis |
| EctA | - |
Methylophaga alcalica |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8.2 | - |
- |
Halomonas elongata |
| 9 | - |
- |
Methylophaga thalassica |
| 9.5 | - |
- |
Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum |
| 9.5 | - |
- |
Methylophaga alcalica |
Expression
| Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|
| Chromohalobacter salexigens | intracellular levels of ectoine increase in response to high growth temperature | up |
| Halobacillus halophilus | osmotic up-shock of Halobacillus halophilus cells leads to the enhanced levels of mRNAs of ectABC | up |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| metabolism | the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview | Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| metabolism | the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview | Methylophaga thalassica |
| metabolism | the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview | Halomonas elongata |
| metabolism | the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview | Marinococcus halophilus |
| metabolism | the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview | Halobacillus halophilus |
| metabolism | the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview | Chromohalobacter salexigens |
| metabolism | the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview | Brevibacterium epidermidis |
| metabolism | the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview | Methylophaga alcalica |
| metabolism | the enzyme is involved in the pathway of ectoine biosynthesis from aspartic acid, overview. EctR1 negatively controls transcription of the ect genes, EctR1 function, detailed overview. But Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum may possessseveral regulatory systems | Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum |
| additional information | osmoregulated expression of ectABC, and regulatory function of EctR1 in ectoine biosynthesis | Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum |
| additional information | regulation of expression of ectABC operon, osmotic up-shock of Halobacillus halophilus cells leads to the enhanced levels of mRNAs of ectABC, overview. Ectoine/proline ratio that is low in cells growing exponentially at different salinities, of 2 and 3 M NaCl, enhances more than 1000fold in the stationary growth phase | Halobacillus halophilus |
| additional information | regulation of expression of ectABC operon, overview | Marinococcus halophilus |
| additional information | regulation of expression of ectABC operon, overview | Brevibacterium epidermidis |
| additional information | regulation of expression of ectABC operon, overview. In Gram-positive bacteria, ectoine biosynthesis also is triggered by an osmotic stress | Sporosarcina pasteurii |
| additional information | regulation of expression of ectABC operon, overview. In Gram-positive bacteria, ectoine biosynthesis also is triggered by an osmotic stress | Chromohalobacter salexigens |
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