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Literature summary for 2.3.1.177 extracted from

  • Chizzali, C.; Gaid, M.M.; Belkheir, A.K.; Haensch, R.; Richter, K.; Flachowsky, H.; Peil, A.; Hanke, M.V.; Liu, B.; Beerhues, L.
    Differential expression of biphenyl synthase gene family members in fire-blight-infected apple Holsteiner Cox (2012), Plant Physiol., 158, 864-875.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene MdBIS1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, the BIS1 cDNA cloned from cv. Holsteiner Cox contains an early stop codon atposition 211 to 213 and does not yield a functional enzyme Malus domestica
gene MdBIS2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, functional expression of N-terminally His6-tagged BIS2 in Escherichia coli Malus domestica
gene MdBIS4, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, functional expression of N-terminally His6-tagged BIS4 in Escherichia coli Malus domestica
genes MdBIS3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, functional expression of N-terminally His6-tagged BIS3 in Escherichia coli Malus domestica

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
benzoyl-CoA benzoyl-CoA causes inhibition of BIS2 activity at concentrations above 0.015 mM; benzoyl-CoA causes inhibition of BIS3 activity at concentrations above 0.015 mM; benzoyl-CoA causes inhibition of BIS4 activity at concentrations above 0.015 mM Malus domestica
additional information no substrate inhibition by salicoyl-CoA up to 0.05 mM; no substrate inhibition by salicoyl-CoA up to 0.05 mM; no substrate inhibition by salicoyl-CoA up to 0.05 mM Malus domestica

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
43000
-
x * 43000, recombinant His-tagged BIS enzyme, SDS-PAGE Malus domestica

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
3 malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA Malus domestica
-
4 CoA + 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl + 4 CO2
-
?
additional information Malus domestica the enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.3.1.208, 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase, with malonyl-CoA and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, i.e. salicoyl-CoA, as substrates forming 4-hydroxycoumarin, no formation of 2',3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl. BIS2 exhibits highest affinity for benzoyl-CoA. The turnover rate is slightly higher with salicoyl-CoA ?
-
?
additional information Malus domestica the enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.3.1.208, 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase, with malonyl-CoA and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, i.e. salicoyl-CoA, as substrates forming 4-hydroxycoumarin, no formation of 2',3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl. BIS3 exhibits highest affinity for benzoyl-CoA. The turnover rate is slightly higher with salicoyl-CoA ?
-
?
additional information Malus domestica the enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.3.1.208, 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase, with malonyl-CoA and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, i.e. salicoyl-CoA, as substrates forming 4-hydroxycoumarin, no formation of 2',3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl. BIS4 exhibits highest affinity for benzoyl-CoA. The turnover rate is slightly higher with salicoyl-CoA ?
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Malus domestica H2FL89 BIS2; cvs. Holsteiner Cox and Cox Orange, gene MdBIS2
-
Malus domestica H2FL90 BIS3; cvs. Holsteiner Cox and Cox Orange, gene MdBIS3
-
Malus domestica H2FL91 BIS4; cvs. Holsteiner Cox and Cox Orange, gene MdBIS4
-
Malus domestica JQ390521 BIS1; cvs. Holsteiner Cox and Cox Orange, genes MdBIS1
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
recombinant N-terminally His6-tagged BIS2, BIS3, and BIS4 from Escherichia coli Malus domestica
recombinant N-terminally His6-tagged BIS3 from Escherichia coli Malus domestica
recombinant N-terminally His6-tagged BIS4 from Escherichia coli Malus domestica

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
leaf
-
Malus domestica
-
leaf very low expression of BIS2 Malus domestica
-
shoot Erwinia amylovora infected Malus domestica
-
shoot Erwinia amylovora infected, high expression levels of BIS3 Malus domestica
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
3 malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA
-
Malus domestica 4 CoA + 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl + 4 CO2
-
?
additional information the enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.3.1.208, 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase, with malonyl-CoA and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, i.e. salicoyl-CoA, as substrates forming 4-hydroxycoumarin, no formation of 2',3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl. BIS2 exhibits highest affinity for benzoyl-CoA. The turnover rate is slightly higher with salicoyl-CoA Malus domestica ?
-
?
additional information the enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.3.1.208, 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase, with malonyl-CoA and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, i.e. salicoyl-CoA, as substrates forming 4-hydroxycoumarin, no formation of 2',3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl. BIS3 exhibits highest affinity for benzoyl-CoA. The turnover rate is slightly higher with salicoyl-CoA Malus domestica ?
-
?
additional information the enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.3.1.208, 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase, with malonyl-CoA and 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA, i.e. salicoyl-CoA, as substrates forming 4-hydroxycoumarin, no formation of 2',3,5-trihydroxybiphenyl. BIS4 exhibits highest affinity for benzoyl-CoA. The turnover rate is slightly higher with salicoyl-CoA Malus domestica ?
-
?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
? x * 43000, recombinant His-tagged BIS enzyme, SDS-PAGE Malus domestica

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
BIS
-
Malus domestica
BIS2
-
Malus domestica
BIS3
-
Malus domestica
BIS4
-
Malus domestica

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
35 40
-
Malus domestica

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7 7.5
-
Malus domestica

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Malus domestica infection with Erwinia amylovora induces the enzyme up
Malus domestica infection with Erwinia amylovora induces the enzyme. In cell cultures of apple cultivar Cox Orange, expression of BIS2 gene is observed after the addition of an autoclaved Erwinia amylovora suspension, BIS3 protein is accumulated in the transition zone of stems in the parenchyma of the bark at the junctions between neighboring cortical parenchyma cells up
Malus domestica the BIS3 gene is reduced in response to inoculation with Erwinia amylovora in stems of cv. Holsteiner Cox with highest transcript levels in the transition zone between necrotic and healthy tissues. In cell cultures of apple cultivar Cox Orange, expression of BIS3 gene is observed after the addition of an autoclaved Erwinia amylovora suspension, BIS3 protein is accumulated in the transition zone of stems in the parenchyma of the bark at the junctions between neighboring cortical parenchyma cells up

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
evolution biphenyl synthase, BIS, is a type III polyketide synthase Malus domestica
physiological function biphenyl synthase is induced by elicitors, e.g. phytopathogen infection. In stems infected with Erwinia amylovora the transition zone between necrotic and healthy tissues is the accumulation site of biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins and of expression of biphenyl synthase Malus domestica