Any feedback?
Please rate this page
(literature.php)
(0/150)

BRENDA support

Literature summary for 2.3.1.15 extracted from

  • Singer, S.D.; Chen, G.; Mietkiewska, E.; Tomasi, P.; Jayawardhane, K.; Dyer, J.M.; Weselake, R.J.
    Arabidopsis GPAT9 contributes to synthesis of intracellular glycerolipids but not surface lipids (2016), J. Exp. Bot., 67, 4627-4638 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene GPAT9, recombinant expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain gat1DELTA (Matalpha, his3C1, leu2C0, lys2C0, ura3C0, YKR067w::kanMX4), quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information generation of two GPAT9 overexpression vectors, i.e. constitutive (GPAT9-OE) and seed-specific (GPAT9-SS-OE) vectors, respectively, and of two GPAT9 RNAi vectors, i.e. constitutive (GPAT9-RNAi) and seed-specific (GPAT9-SS-RNAi) vectors, respectively. To generate GPAT9 overexpression constructs, the GPAT9 coding sequence is inserted between the constitutive tobacco tCUP3 promoter and Pisum sativum ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase transcriptional terminator (rbcS-t) to generate the GPAT9-OE vector, or between the seed-specific Brassica napus Napin promoter and rbcS-t transcriptional terminator to produce the GPAT9-SS-OE vector. The GPAT9 RNAi fragments are inserted in opposite orientations between the constitutive tCUP3 promoter and intronic spacer from the pHannibal plasmid, and rbcS-t transcriptional terminator and intronic spacer, respectively. These same sense and antisense GPAT9 fragments are also inserted between the seed-specific Phaseolus vulgaris beta-phaseolin promoter and pHannibal intronic spacer, and the beta-phaseolin transcriptional terminator and intronic spacer, respectively, in a pPZP-RSC1 background. Overexpression and down-regulation of GPAT9 in Arabidopsis thaliana results in changes in seed size, as well as seed oil content and composition, phenotypes, overview. Overexpression of GPAT9 in GPAT9-OE lines results in increased seed oil content, downregulation of this gene in GPAT9-RNAi lines yields significant decreases in seed oil content. No significant differences are noted in seed yields between either T3 homozygous GPAT9-OE and wild-type lines, or GPAT9-RNAi and wild-type. Altering the constitutive expression of GPAT9 in Arabidopsis enhances production of lipid droplets in pollen grains Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate Arabidopsis thaliana
-
CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana Q8GWG0
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
cauline leaf
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
embryo
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
flower
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
flower bud
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
leaf
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
additional information GPAT9 is constitutively expressed. The expression pattern is relatively broad. Comparable levels of GPAT9 expression are noted in the majority of tissues tested, including seedlings, rosette and cauline leaves (28 DAP), stems, roots, floral buds, open flowers, pollen, and siliques/seeds/embryos at various developmental stages. The highest levels of expression appears to be evident in leaves and developing siliques [at about 9 d after flowering (DAF)] Arabidopsis thaliana
-
pollen high expression level Arabidopsis thaliana
-
root
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
rosette leaf
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
seed
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
seedling
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
silique
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
stem
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
Arabidopsis thaliana CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
?
additional information regiospecificity of GPAT9, the majority of the acylation reactions catalyzed by this enzyme takes place at the sn-1 position rather than the sn-2 position (5.3:1 ratio) Arabidopsis thaliana ?
-
-

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
GPAT9
-
Arabidopsis thaliana

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
22
-
assay at Arabidopsis thaliana

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction alteration of constitutive GPAT9 expression has no obvious effects on surface lipid biosynthesis. But overexpression and downregulation of GPAT9 in Arabidopsis thaliana results in changes in seed size, as well as seed oil content and composition. Altering the constitutive expression of GPAT9 in Arabidopsis enhances production of lipid droplets in pollen grains. Knockout of gpat9 has been shown to result in a male gametophytic lethality phenotype Arabidopsis thaliana
metabolism the preference of GPAT9 for acyl-CoA as its substrate, and its sn-1 regio-specificity, provide support that it plays an important role in the Kennedy pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function enzyme GPAT9 has a role for GPAT9 in seed oil biosynthesis and contributes to the biosynthesis of both polar lipids and triacylglycerol (TAG) in developing leaves, as well as lipid droplet production in developing pollen grains. GPAT9 exhibits sn-1 acyltransferase activity with high specificity for acyl-coenzyme A, thus providing further evidence that this GPAT is involved in storage lipid biosynthesis Arabidopsis thaliana