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Literature summary for 2.3.1.15 extracted from
- Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases 3 and 4 direct glycerolipid synthesis and affect functionality in activated macrophages (2019), Biochem. J., 476, 85-99 .
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene GPAT3, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis | Mus musculus |
| gene GPAT4, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis | Mus musculus |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | generation of Gpat4-/- mice in a C57BL6/J background | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| NEM | GPAT3 is a NEM-sensitive GPAT; GPAT4 is a NEM-sensitive GPAT | Mus musculus |  |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| endoplasmic reticulum | - |
Mus musculus | 5783 | - |
| membrane | - |
Mus musculus | 16020 | - |
| microsome | - |
Mus musculus | - |
- |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | required | Mus musculus | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | Mus musculus | - |
CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | Mus musculus C57Bl6/J | - |
CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mus musculus | Q8C0N2 | - |
- |
| Mus musculus | Q8K2C8 | - |
- |
| Mus musculus C57Bl6/J | Q8C0N2 | - |
- |
| Mus musculus C57Bl6/J | Q8K2C8 | - |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| macrophage | bone marrow-derived macrophages | Mus musculus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
Mus musculus | CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
? | |
| acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
Mus musculus C57Bl6/J | CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
Mus musculus | CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
Mus musculus C57Bl6/J | CoA + 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 | - |
Mus musculus |
| glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4 | - |
Mus musculus |
| GPAT3 | - |
Mus musculus |
| GPAT4 | - |
Mus musculus |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23 | - |
assay at | Mus musculus |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.4 | - |
assay at | Mus musculus |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | the phagocytic capacity of Gpat3-/- and Gpat4-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages is impaired. Additionally, inhibiting fatty acid beta-oxidation reduces phagocytosis only partially, suggesting that lipid accumulation is not necessary for the energy requirements for phagocytosis | Mus musculus |
| malfunction | the phagocytic capacity of Gpat3-/- and Gpat4-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages is impaired. Additionally, inhibiting fatty acid beta-oxidation reduces phagocytosis only partially, suggesting that lipid accumulation is not necessary for the energy requirements for phagocytosis. Gpat4-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages express and release more pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines after macrophage activation | Mus musculus |
| metabolism | enzyme GPAT is involved in the glycerolipid synthesis, it is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway. Glycerolipid synthesis and GPAT3/GPAT4 activity are induced during macrophage activation. Macrophage activation stimulates lipid droplet formation and increases triacylglycerol and phospholipid content, after Kdo2-lipid A (KLA) activation | Mus musculus |
| physiological function | a role for GPAT4 in suppressing inflammatory responses. GPAT4 is required for enhanced glycerolipid synthesis in activated macrophages | Mus musculus |
| physiological function | GPAT3 is required for enhanced glycerolipid synthesis in activated macrophages | Mus musculus |
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