Literature summary for 2.1.1.204 extracted from

Genenncher, B.; Durdevic, Z.; Hanna, K.; Zinkl, D.; Mobin, M.B.; Senturk, N.; Da Silva, B.; Legrand, C.; Carre, C.; Lyko, F.; Schaefer, M.
Mutations in cytosine-5 tRNA methyltransferases impact mobile element expression and genome stability at specific DNA repeats (2018), Cell Rep., 22, 1861-1874 .

Search for more literature for 2.1.1.204

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene Dnmt2, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis	Drosophila melanogaster

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	homozygous Dnmt2-null mutations are viable and fertile, long-term cultivation of Dnmt2 mutant animals might introduce genomic changes accounting for some of the observed phenotypes. Generation of Dnmt2 mutant allele (Dnmt2DELTA5.4), which shows loss of RNA methylation at known tRNA substrates. Catalytically mutant Dnmt2 rescues transposable element (TE) expression changes. Recombinant ectopic expression of the catalytically inactive mutant Dnmt2, which does not reconstitute tRNA methylation, also normalizes TE expression levels. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Dnmt2 in follicle cells. Spliced Gypsy mRNA is significantly elevated in Dnmt2 mutants after heat shock, but not in controls, functional Gypsy retroviral particles can be formed in Dnmt2 mutants. Specific eccDNAs accumulate in RCMT mutants. RCMT mutants display reduced tRNA stability and tRNA abundance	Drosophila melanogaster

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine38 in tRNA	Drosophila melanogaster	-	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine38 in tRNA	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Drosophila melanogaster	Q9U6H7	-	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
ovarian follicle	-	Drosophila melanogaster	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine38 in tRNA	-	Drosophila melanogaster	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine38 in tRNA	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine38 in tRNA-Asp(GUC)	-	Drosophila melanogaster	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine38 in tRNA-Asp(GUC)	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine38 in tRNAGly(GCC)	-	Drosophila melanogaster	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine38 in tRNAGly(GCC)	-	?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine38 in tRNAVal(AAC)	-	Drosophila melanogaster	S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine38 in tRNAVal(AAC)	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
(cytosine-5) RNA methyltransferase	-	Drosophila melanogaster
cytosine-5 tRNA methyltransferase	-	Drosophila melanogaster
dDnmt2	-	Drosophila melanogaster
Dnmt2	-	Drosophila melanogaster
RCMT	-	Drosophila melanogaster

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
S-adenosyl-L-methionine	-	Drosophila melanogaster

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
malfunction	mutation in (cytosine-5) RNA methyltransferase Dnmt2, which targets mostly tRNAs, impacts the expression of mobile element-derived sequences and affects DNA repeat integrity in Drosophila melanogaster. Reduced tRNA stability in the RCMT mutant indicates that tRNA-dependent processes affect mobile element expression and DNA repeat stability. Loss of Dnmt2 function causes moderate effects under standard conditions, while heat shock exacerbates these effects. Inefficient silencing of stress-induced transposable elements (TEs) in Dnmt2 mutants, long-lasting TE expression changes in Dnmt2 mutants after heat shock. Dnmt2 mutant phenotype implicated Dnmt2 function in retrotransposon regulation in Drosophila, resulting in silencing defects of long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing transposable elements (TEs) and impaired telomere integrity. P2 expression increases steadily in Dnmt2 mutant males, while expression is only transient in controls (P2). In addition, Dnmt2 mutants displays increasing Inv4 transcript levels (P3). RCMT mutants display genetic changes involving Tag-Inv4. Heat-shock-dependent Inv4 expression is independent of DNA methylation. NSun2 mutants show heat-shock-independent TE expression changes. Dnmt2 mutants accumulate small RNA pathway substrate RNAs, and a catalytically mutant Dnmt2 rescues TE expression changes	Drosophila melanogaster
physiological function	Dnmt2 proteins are highly conserved (cytosine-5) methyltransferases that methylate specific tRNAs instead of genomic DNA. Dnmt2-mediated effects are mostly heat shock dependent. Connection between Dnmt2 and transposable element (TE) silencing	Drosophila melanogaster

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)