Any feedback?
Literature summary for 2.1.1.202 extracted from
- Eukaryotic 5-methylcytosine (M5C) RNA methyltransferases mechanisms, cellular functions, and links to disease (2019), Genes (Basel), 10, 102 .
Crystallization (Commentary)
| Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| crystal structure of NSUN6 with target RNA showing the arrangement and key contacts between the amino acids in the active site and the target cytosine (C72) in RNA (PDB ID 5WWS) | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| G679R | naturally occuring mutation | Homo sapiens |
| G679R | naturally occurring mutation | Homo sapiens |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cytoplasm | - |
Homo sapiens | 5737 | - |
| Golgi apparatus | - |
Homo sapiens | 5794 | - |
| additional information | enzyme NSUN6 localizes to the cytoplasm and appears enriched in proximity to the golgi aparatus and pericentriolar matrix, indicating that methylation of C72 residues is a late maturation event that takes place after nuclear export | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
| additional information | NSUN2 localizes predominantly in the nucleus | Homo sapiens | - |
- |
| nucleolus | - |
Homo sapiens | 5730 | - |
| nucleus | - |
Homo sapiens | 5634 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine15 in vtRNA1.3 | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine15 in vtRNA1.3 | - |
? |  |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine27 in vtRNA1.2 | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine27 in vtRNA1.2 | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine27 in vtRNA1.3 | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine27 in vtRNA1.3 | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine34 in tRNA | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine34 in tRNA | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine4( in tRNAPro(AGG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAPro(AGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine40 in tRNA | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine40 in tRNA | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAAla(AGC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAAla(AGC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAAla(CGC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAAla(CGC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAAla(UGC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAAla(UGC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAAsp(GUC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAAsp(GUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGln(CUG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGln(CUG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGln(UUG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGln(UUG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGlu(CUC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGlu(CUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGlu(UUC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGlu(UUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGly(CCC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGly(CCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGly(GCC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGly(GCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGly(UCC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGly(UCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAHis(GUG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAHis(GUG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAIle(AAU) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAIle(AAU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALeu(AAG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALeu(AAG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALeu(CAA) precursor | Homo sapiens | NSUN2-mediated methylation of C34 of tRNALeu(CAA) has been shown to occur exclusively on intron-containing tRNA precursors | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALeu(CAA) precursor | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALeu(CAG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALeu(CAG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALeu(UAA) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALeu(UAA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALeu(UAG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALeu(UAG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALys(CUU) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALys(CUU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALys(UUU) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALys(UUU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAMet(CAU) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAMet(CAU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAPhe(GAA) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAPhe(GAA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAPro(CGG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAPro(CGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAPro(UGG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAPro(UGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNASer(AGA) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNASer(AGA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNASer(CGA) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNASer(CGA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNASer(GCU) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNASer(GCU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNASer(UGA) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNASer(UGA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAThr(AGU) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAThr(AGU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAThr(CGT) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAThr(CGT) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAThr(UGU) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAThr(UGU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNATyr(GUA) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNATyr(GUA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAVal(AAC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAVal(AAC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAVal(CAC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAVal(CAC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAVal(UAC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAVal(UAC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAAsp(GUC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAAsp(GUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGln(CUG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGln(CUG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGln(UUG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGln(UUG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGlu(CUC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGlu(CUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGlu(UUC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGlu(UUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGly(CCC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGly(CCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGly(GCC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGly(GCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGly(UCC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGly(UCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNALys(UUU) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNALys(UUU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAPhe(GAA) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAPhe(GAA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAPro(AGG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAPro(AGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAPro(CGG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAPro(CGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAPro(UGG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAPro(UGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAThr(AGU) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAThr(AGU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAVal(AAC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAVal(AAC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAVal(CAC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAVal(CAC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAVal(UAC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAVal(UAC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAGlu(CUC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAGlu(CUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAGlu(UUC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAGlu(UUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAGly(CCC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAGly(CCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAGly(GCC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAGly(GCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAGly(UCC) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAGly(UCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAPro(AGG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAPro(AGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAPro(CGG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAPro(CGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAPro(UGG) | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAPro(UGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine59 in vtRNA1.2 | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine59 in vtRNA1.2 | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine59 in vtRNA1.3 | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine59 in vtRNA1.3 | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine69 in vtRNA1.1 | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine69 in vtRNA1.1 | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | Pyrococcus horikoshii | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | Pyrococcus horikoshii DSM 12428 | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | Pyrococcus horikoshii NBRC 100139 | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | Pyrococcus horikoshii JCM 9974 | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | Pyrococcus horikoshii ATCC 700860 | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | Pyrococcus horikoshii OT-3 | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | Homo sapiens | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | Pyrococcus horikoshii | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | Pyrococcus horikoshii DSM 12428 | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | Pyrococcus horikoshii NBRC 100139 | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | Pyrococcus horikoshii JCM 9974 | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | Pyrococcus horikoshii ATCC 700860 | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | Pyrococcus horikoshii OT-3 | - |
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Q08J23 | - |
- |
| Homo sapiens | Q8TEA1 | - |
- |
| Pyrococcus horikoshii | O57712 | - |
- |
| Pyrococcus horikoshii ATCC 700860 | O57712 | - |
- |
| Pyrococcus horikoshii DSM 12428 | O57712 | - |
- |
| Pyrococcus horikoshii JCM 9974 | O57712 | - |
- |
| Pyrococcus horikoshii NBRC 100139 | O57712 | - |
- |
| Pyrococcus horikoshii OT-3 | O57712 | - |
- |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | susbtrate specificity of NSUN2, overview. NSUN2 has a much broader target spectrum and is able to modify several positions (C34, C40, C48, C49, and C50) in a number of different tRNAs, as well as other RNA substrates. The enzyme is also active with various mRNAs. M5C modifications in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs. Three-dimensional L-shape structure of a tRNA with the positions of m5C modifications and the cognate methyltransferases responsible for installing them marked. The m5C modifications in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs. Schematic secondary structure and three-dimensional L-shape structure of a tRNA with the positions of m5C modifications. The broad-spectrum methyltransferase NSUN2 has been suggested to recognize different features in its diverse substrate RNAs. The reported NSUN2-mediated m5C modifications in mRNAs typically lie within highly GC-rich regions, suggesting that the enzyme may preferentially bind such sequences. But all the known NSUN2-mediated m5C modifications in vtRNAs lie within a UCG motif, and mutagenic analysis of the NSUN2 target pre-tRNALeu reveals a consensus sequence of C/A/U32-U/A33-m5C34-A35-A36-G37 | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | susbtrate specificity of NSUN6, overview | Pyrococcus horikoshii | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | susbtrate specificity of NSUN6, overview. Three-dimensional L-shape structure of a tRNA with the positions of m5C modifications and the cognate methyltransferases responsible for installing them marked. The m5C modifications in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs. Schematic secondary structure and three-dimensional L-shape structure of a tRNA with the positions of m5C modifications, determination of the interaction sites of NSUN6 with the discriminator base and additional base pairs in the acceptor stem and the D-loop, as observed by X-ray crystallography, overview. m5C72 modifications installed by NSUN6 lie within the acceptor stem of tRNA. NSUN6 forms extensive contacts with its substrate tRNAs. Binding of NSUN6 disrupts base pairing within the tRNA acceptor stem and promotes base-flipping of C71 to make the C5 atom of the C72 nucleotide, which is normally base paired with G1, accessible for methylation. NSUN6 also has a PUA domain that binds to the D-stem region of substrate tRNAs, as well as the non-genomically encoded CCA 3' end. Consistent with this binding mode, the presence of the CCA is found to be an essential pre-requisite for methylation of tRNACys and tRNAThr by NUSN6 | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | susbtrate specificity of NSUN6, overview | Pyrococcus horikoshii DSM 12428 | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | susbtrate specificity of NSUN6, overview | Pyrococcus horikoshii NBRC 100139 | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | susbtrate specificity of NSUN6, overview | Pyrococcus horikoshii JCM 9974 | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | susbtrate specificity of NSUN6, overview | Pyrococcus horikoshii ATCC 700860 | ? | - |
- |
|
| additional information | susbtrate specificity of NSUN6, overview | Pyrococcus horikoshii OT-3 | ? | - |
- |
|
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine15 in vtRNA1.3 | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine15 in vtRNA1.3 | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine27 in vtRNA1.2 | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine27 in vtRNA1.2 | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine27 in vtRNA1.3 | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine27 in vtRNA1.3 | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine34 in tRNA | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine34 in tRNA | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine4( in tRNAPro(AGG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAPro(AGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine40 in tRNA | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine40 in tRNA | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAAla(AGC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAAla(AGC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAAla(CGC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAAla(CGC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAAla(UGC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAAla(UGC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAAsp(GUC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAAsp(GUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGln(CUG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGln(CUG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGln(UUG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGln(UUG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGlu(CUC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGlu(CUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGlu(UUC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGlu(UUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGly(CCC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGly(CCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGly(GCC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGly(GCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAGly(UCC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAGly(UCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAHis(GUG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAHis(GUG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAIle(AAU) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAIle(AAU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALeu(AAG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALeu(AAG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALeu(CAA) precursor | NSUN2-mediated methylation of C34 of tRNALeu(CAA) has been shown to occur exclusively on intron-containing tRNA precursors | Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALeu(CAA) precursor | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALeu(CAG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALeu(CAG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALeu(UAA) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALeu(UAA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALeu(UAG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALeu(UAG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALys(CUU) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALys(CUU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNALys(UUU) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNALys(UUU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAMet(CAU) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAMet(CAU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAPhe(GAA) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAPhe(GAA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAPro(CGG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAPro(CGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAPro(UGG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAPro(UGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNASer(AGA) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNASer(AGA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNASer(CGA) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNASer(CGA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNASer(GCU) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNASer(GCU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNASer(UGA) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNASer(UGA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAThr(AGU) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAThr(AGU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAThr(CGT) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAThr(CGT) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAThr(UGU) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAThr(UGU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNATyr(GUA) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNATyr(GUA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAVal(AAC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAVal(AAC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAVal(CAC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAVal(CAC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine48 in tRNAVal(UAC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine48 in tRNAVal(UAC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAAsp(GUC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAAsp(GUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGln(CUG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGln(CUG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGln(UUG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGln(UUG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGlu(CUC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGlu(CUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGlu(UUC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGlu(UUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGly(CCC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGly(CCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGly(GCC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGly(GCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAGly(UCC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAGly(UCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNALys(UUU) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNALys(UUU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAPhe(GAA) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAPhe(GAA) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAPro(AGG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAPro(AGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAPro(CGG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAPro(CGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAPro(UGG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAPro(UGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAThr(AGU) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAThr(AGU) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAVal(AAC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAVal(AAC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAVal(CAC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAVal(CAC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine49 in tRNAVal(UAC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine49 in tRNAVal(UAC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAGlu(CUC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAGlu(CUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAGlu(UUC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAGlu(UUC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAGly(CCC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAGly(CCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAGly(GCC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAGly(GCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAGly(UCC) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAGly(UCC) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAPro(AGG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAPro(AGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAPro(CGG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAPro(CGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine50 in tRNAPro(UGG) | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine50 in tRNAPro(UGG) | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine59 in vtRNA1.2 | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine59 in vtRNA1.2 | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine59 in vtRNA1.3 | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine59 in vtRNA1.3 | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine69 in vtRNA1.1 | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine69 in vtRNA1.1 | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii DSM 12428 | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii NBRC 100139 | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii JCM 9974 | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii ATCC 700860 | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii OT-3 | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNACys | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
Homo sapiens | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii DSM 12428 | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii NBRC 100139 | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii JCM 9974 | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii ATCC 700860 | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii OT-3 | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine72 in tRNAThr | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| 5-methylcytosine RNA methyltransferase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| 5-methylcytosine RNA methyltransferase | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii |
| broad-spectrum methyltransferase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| M5C RNA methyltransferase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| M5C RNA methyltransferase | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii |
| NSUN2 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| NSUN6 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| PhNSUN6 | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii |
| tRNA (cytosine72-C5)-methyltransferase | UniProt | Pyrococcus horikoshii |
| tRNA:m5C72 MTase | UniProt | Pyrococcus horikoshii |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| S-adenosyl-L-methionine | - |
Pyrococcus horikoshii | |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | tRNAs lacking m5C48/49/50 modifications are bound more tightly by angiogenin, leading to accumulation of 5' tRNA-derived small RNA fragments, which trigger cellular stress and are implicated in disease. Expression of catalytically inactive forms of NSUN2, but not NSUN1, NSUN5, or NSUN6, is reported to alter the total amount of m5C detected in the mRNA pool. svRNA4 acts analogously to a microRNA and a concomitant increase in the levels of the svRNA4 target mRNAs CACNG7 and CACNG8 is observed in NSUN2-/- cells. Loss of function mutations in NSUN2 underlie several neurodevelopmental disorders. A homozygous mutation in the NSUN2 gene that leads to the substitution of Gly679 for Arg (p.Gly679Arg) in the protein has been detected in individuals with autosomal-recessive intellectual disability. This amino acid substitution is suggested to impede NSUN2 function by preventing localization of the protein to its site of action in the nucleolus. NSUN2 has also been linked to Dubowitz syndrome, which is characterized by microcephaly, growth and mental retardation, eczema, and characteristic facial features. A homozygous mutation in the canonical splice acceptor of exon 6 leads to use of a cryptic splice donor, instability of the NSUN2 mRNA, a significant decrease in protein levels, and reduced methylation of NSUN2 target RNAs (m5C47/48 of tRNAAsp(GUC) | Homo sapiens |
| metabolism | on a global level, depletion, overexpression, or expression of catalytically inactive forms of NSUN2, but not NSUN1, NSUN5, or NSUN6, is reported to alter the total amount of m5C detected in the mRNA pool. Roles of m5C RNA methyltransferases in development and disease, overview | Homo sapiens |
| additional information | catalytic mechanism of the enzyme, comparison of NSUN family enzymes, overview. The NSUN family enzymes use the cysteine located in amino acid motif VI for the nucleophilic attack on carbon 6 of the target cytosine in RNA. In all seven human NSUN variants, the catalytic cysteine is preceded by threonine. Hydrogen bonding with the backbone carbonyl of proline and the aspartate side chain in motif IV orients the base in the active site and assists bond formation by transient protonation of the endocyclic N3 of cytidine. The activated nucleobase then accepts a methyl group from the properly positioned SAM cofactor, resulting in the formation of a carbon-carbon bond and generation of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). To complete the reaction, the covalently bound methylated RNA has to be released from the protein. This elimination is assisted by the cysteine located in motif IV of NSUN proteins. This cysteine is located next to the conserved proline and acts as a base to deprotonate the tetrahedral carbon and initiate the elimination reaction that restores the unsaturated m5C heterocycle | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | cytoplasmic transfer RNAs are methylated by NSUN2, NSUN6, and DNMT2. NSUN6 specifically methylates C72 of particular tRNAs. U73, which has been termed the discriminator base, is critical for substrate recognition by NSUN6, and a flexible base pair (A:U or U:A) at positions 2:71 as well as a rigid base pair (C:G or G:C) formed between positions 3:70 are preferred. The binding pocket of human NSUN6 specifically accommodates U73. Roles of m5C RNA methyltransferases in development and disease, overview | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | cytoplasmic transfer RNAs are methylated by NSUN2, NSUN6, and DNMT2. Structural differences in PhNSUN6 enable the archaeal enzyme to bind tRNAs containing either U73 or G73, thereby broadening its target spectrum compared to its human homologue enzyme, comparison of NSUN family enzymes, overview. The NSUN family enzymes use the cysteine located in amino acid motif VI for the nucleophilic attack on carbon 6 of the target cytosine in RNA. In all seven human NSUN variants, the catalytic cysteine is preceded by threonine. Hydrogen bonding with the backbone carbonyl of proline and the aspartate side chain in motif IV orients the base in the active site and assists bond formation by transient protonation of the endocyclic N3 of cytidine. The activated nucleobase then accepts a methyl group from the properly positioned SAM cofactor, resulting in the formation of a carbon-carbon bond and generation of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). To complete the reaction, the covalently bound methylated RNA has to be released from the protein. This elimination is assisted by the cysteine located in motif IV of NSUN proteins. This cysteine is located next to the conserved proline and acts as a base to deprotonate the tetrahedral carbon and initiate the elimination reaction that restores the unsaturated m5C heterocycle. m5C72 is reported to promote the thermal stability of PhtRNAs. Roles of m5C RNA methyltransferases in development and disease, overview | Pyrococcus horikoshii |
| physiological function | the m5C-48/49/50 modifications installed by NSUN2 cluster within the variable loop at the junction with the T-stem. A Levitt pair interaction between C48 and G15 in the D-loop is critical for formation of the characteristic L-shaped tertiary fold of most tRNAs. NSUN2-mediated methylations within the variable loop have also been shown to protect tRNAs against stress-induced, angiogenin-mediated endonucleolytic cleavage. During the maturation of the cytoplasmic tRNALeu(CAA), an m5C34 modification is installed by NSUN2 (cf. EC 2.1.1.203). Cytoplasmic transfer RNAs are methylated by NSUN2, NSUN6, and DNMT2 | Homo sapiens |
Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.
Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
Legal
Curated at
Member of
