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Literature summary for 2.1.1.157 extracted from

  • Nyyssola, A.; Reinikainen, T.; Leisola, M.
    Characterization of glycine sarcosine N-methyltransferase and sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (2001), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 2044-2050.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
Search for more literature for 2.1.1.157

Application

Application Comment Organism
agriculture enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally Halorhodospira halochloris
biotechnology enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally Halorhodospira halochloris
nutrition enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally Halorhodospira halochloris

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
functional overexpression in Escherichia coli strain XL-1 Blue conferring betaine accumulation and increased salt tolerance when coexpressed with the glycine sarcosine methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.156 Halorhodospira halochloris

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
4-chloromercuribenzoate recombinant enzyme: 23% inhibition at 1.33 mM, completely reversible by 5.3 mM DTT Halorhodospira halochloris
betaine recombinant enzyme: poor inhibition, 71% inhibition at 2 M with sarcosine, and 69% inhibition at 2 M with dimethylglycine, partially reversible by salts KCl and NaCl, overview Halorhodospira halochloris
KCl/NaCl recombinant enzyme: 32% inhibition at 0.33 M KCl and 0.66 M NaCl with sarcosine, and 25% inhibition at 0.33 M KCl and 0.66 M NaCl with dimethylglycine, decrease inhibition by betaine, overview Halorhodospira halochloris
additional information no inhibition by N,N-dimethylglycine Halorhodospira halochloris
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine recombinant enzyme: competitive product inhibition, 50% inhibition at 0.5 mM with glycine, and at 2.3 mM with sarcosine Halorhodospira halochloris

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.16
-
 S-adenosyl-L-methionine recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37°C, with glycine Halorhodospira halochloris
0.21
-
 S-adenosyl-L-methionine recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37°C, with sarcosine Halorhodospira halochloris
4.9
-
 dimethylglycine recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37°C, with S-adenosyl-L-methionine Halorhodospira halochloris
6.1
-
 sarcosine recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37°C, with S-adenosyl-L-methionine Halorhodospira halochloris

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
additional information no requirement for Ca2+, Mg2+, EDTA, Mn2+, Co2+, or Zn2+ Halorhodospira halochloris

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
25000
-
 gel filtration Halorhodospira halochloris
32000
-
 1 * 36000, recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 32000, about, amino acid sequence calculation Halorhodospira halochloris
36000
-
 1 * 36000, recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 32000, about, amino acid sequence calculation Halorhodospira halochloris

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
additional information Halorhodospira halochloris the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process, betaine is required for balancing osmotic pressure under high salt living conditions ?
-
 ?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine Halorhodospira halochloris
-
 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
 ?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine Halorhodospira halochloris
-
 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Halorhodospira halochloris
-
 i.e. Halorhodospira halochloris
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic and anion exchange chromatography, and ultrafiltration to homogeneity Halorhodospira halochloris

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
additional information
-
-
 Halorhodospira halochloris
0.68
-
 purified recombinant enzyme, substrate sarcosine Halorhodospira halochloris
3.4
-
 purified recombinant enzyme, substrate dimethylglycine Halorhodospira halochloris

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
additional information the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process, betaine is required for balancing osmotic pressure under high salt living conditions Halorhodospira halochloris ?
-
 ?
additional information the enzyme shows strict specificity for glycine and sarcosine as substrates, no activity with ethanolamine, monomethylethanolamine, nor several L-amino acid, overview Halorhodospira halochloris ?
-
 ?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
 Halorhodospira halochloris S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
 ?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
-
 Halorhodospira halochloris S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
 ?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine i.e. methylglycine Halorhodospira halochloris S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
 ?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
monomer 1 * 36000, recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 32000, about, amino acid sequence calculation Halorhodospira halochloris

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase
-
 Halorhodospira halochloris
SDMT
-
 Halorhodospira halochloris

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
37
-
 assay at Halorhodospira halochloris

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
additional information
-
 pH-optimum depends on the buffer system Halorhodospira halochloris
7.6
-
 recombinant enzyme, with substrate dimethylglycine, triethanolamine buffer Halorhodospira halochloris
8 9 recombinant enzyme, with substrate sarcosine, pH-optimum depends on the buffer system Halorhodospira halochloris