Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
L-valine | VDH synthesis induced by L-valine, but severely repressed by ammonia | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
iodoacetamide | VDH2: 1 mM, 50% loss of activity | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
Mn2+ | VDH2: 1 mM, 60% loss of activity | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
p-hydroxymercuribenzoate | VDH2: 0.01 mM, complete inhibition | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.46 | - |
2-oxoisovalerate | VDH2 | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
0.75 | - |
L-valine | VDH2 | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
1.06 | - |
2-oxo-3-methylvalerate | VDH2 | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
1.2 | - |
2-oxoisocaproate | VDH2 | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
1.66 | - |
L-norvaline | VDH2 | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
1.72 | - |
L-isoleucine | VDH2 | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
1.85 | - |
L-leucine | VDH2 | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
4.35 | - |
L-2-aminobutyrate | VDH2 | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
17.2 | - |
pyruvate | VDH2 | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
22.5 | - |
L-norleucine | VDH2 | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
117.6 | - |
L-methionine | VDH2 | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
333.3 | - |
L-alanine | VDH2 | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
41000 | - |
6 * 41000, VDH2, SDS-PAGE | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
240000 | - |
VDH2, gel filtration | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | VDH is required for utilization of branched chain amino acids, the catabolism appears to be an alternative source of n-butyrate, 2-methylmalonate, and propionate needed for biosynthesis of macrolide and polyether antibiotics | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | - |
? | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | first step in valine catabolism | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | - |
? | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | Kitasatospora aureofaciens BS-5 | VDH is required for utilization of branched chain amino acids, the catabolism appears to be an alternative source of n-butyrate, 2-methylmalonate, and propionate needed for biosynthesis of macrolide and polyether antibiotics | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | - |
? | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | Kitasatospora aureofaciens BS-5 | first step in valine catabolism | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Kitasatospora aureofaciens | - |
- |
- |
Kitasatospora aureofaciens | - |
two isoenzymes: VDH1 and VDH2 | - |
Kitasatospora aureofaciens BS-5 | - |
- |
- |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
VDH2, 52.6fold purification | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
45.01 | - |
NAD+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
64.31 | - |
oxidative deamination | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
366.5 | - |
reductive amination | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
Storage Stability | Organism |
---|---|
-80°C, 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, 20% v/v glycerol, 2 months, stable | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-2-aminobutyrate + H2O + NAD+ | VDH2: 125% of the activity with L-valine | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxobutyrate + NADH + NH3 | VDH2: reductive amination, 116% of the activity with 2-oxoisovalerate | r | |
L-2-aminobutyrate + H2O + NAD+ | VDH2: 125% of the activity with L-valine | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxobutyrate + NADH + NH3 | 2-oxobutyrate is identical with alpha-ketobutyrate | r | |
L-2-aminobutyrate + H2O + NAD+ | L-2-aminobutyrate is identical with L-alpha-aminobutyrate | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxobutyrate + NADH + NH3 | VDH2: reductive amination, 116% of the activity with 2-oxoisovalerate | r | |
L-2-aminobutyrate + H2O + NAD+ | L-2-aminobutyrate is identical with L-alpha-aminobutyrate | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxobutyrate + NADH + NH3 | 2-oxobutyrate is identical with alpha-ketobutyrate | r | |
L-alanine + H2O + NAD+ | VDH2: 4.5% of the activity with L-valine | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | pyruvate + NH3 + NADH | pyruvate is identical with alpha-ketopropanoate and 2-oxopropanoate | r | |
L-alanine + H2O + NAD+ | VDH2: 4.5% of the activity with L-valine | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | pyruvate + NH3 + NADH | VDH2: reductive amination, 20.8% of the activity with 2-oxoisovalerate | r | |
L-isoleucine + H2O + NAD+ | VDH2: 34% of the activity with L-valine | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NADH + NH3 | 2-oxo-3-methylvalerate is identical with alpha-keto-beta-methylpentanoate | r | |
L-isoleucine + H2O + NAD+ | VDH2: 34% of the activity with L-valine | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NADH + NH3 | VDH2: reductive amination, 24.5% of the activity with 2-oxoisovalerate | r | |
L-leucine + H2O + NAD+ | VDH2: 52.8% of the activity with L-valine | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxoisocaproate + NADH + NH3 | 2-oxoisocaproate is identical with 2-oxo-4-methylpentanoate, 2-oxoisohexanoate and alpha-ketoisocaproate | r | |
L-leucine + H2O + NAD+ | VDH2: 52.8% of the activity with L-valine | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxoisocaproate + NADH + NH3 | VDH2: reductive amination, 26.5% of the activity with 2-oxoisovalerate | r | |
L-methionine + H2O + NAD+ | VDH2: 2% of the activity with L-valine | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 4-(methylthio)-2-oxobutanoic acid + NH3 + NADH | - |
r | |
L-norleucine + H2O + NAD+ | VDH2: 18.5% of the activity with L-valine | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxocaproate + NADH + NH3 | - |
r | |
L-norvaline + H2O + NAD+ | VDH2: 100% of the activity with L-valine | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxovalerate + NH3 + NADH | - |
r | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | NAD+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | NADH | r | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | NAD+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | 2-oxoisovalerate is identical with 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate and alpha-ketoisovalerate | r | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | NAD+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | reductive amination: preferred substrate | r | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | VDH is required for utilization of branched chain amino acids, the catabolism appears to be an alternative source of n-butyrate, 2-methylmalonate, and propionate needed for biosynthesis of macrolide and polyether antibiotics | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | - |
? | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | first step in valine catabolism | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | - |
? | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | NAD+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens BS-5 | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | NADH | r | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | NAD+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens BS-5 | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | 2-oxoisovalerate is identical with 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate and alpha-ketoisovalerate | r | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | NAD+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens BS-5 | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | reductive amination: preferred substrate | r | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | VDH is required for utilization of branched chain amino acids, the catabolism appears to be an alternative source of n-butyrate, 2-methylmalonate, and propionate needed for biosynthesis of macrolide and polyether antibiotics | Kitasatospora aureofaciens BS-5 | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | - |
? | |
L-valine + NAD(P)+ + H2O | first step in valine catabolism | Kitasatospora aureofaciens BS-5 | 2-oxoisovalerate + NH3 + NAD(P)H | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
hexamer | 6 * 41000, VDH2, SDS-PAGE | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
65 | - |
- |
Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
9 | - |
VDH2: reductive amination of 2-oxoisovalerate, 0.3 M Tris-HCl buffer | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
10.4 | - |
VDH2: oxidative deamination of L-valine, 0.3 M glycine-KCl-KOH buffer | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
1,N6-etheno-NAD+ | VDH2: 62.4% of the activity with NAD+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
3-pyridinealdehyde-NAD+ | VDH2: 37.5% of the activity with NAD+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
Alpha-NAD+ | VDH2: 5% of the activity with NAD+, VDH1: no activity | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
deamino-NAD+ | VDH2: 375.5% of the activity with NAD+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
additional information | VDH2: not with 3-acetylpyridine-NAD+, compared to VDH1 with 100% of the activity with NAD+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
additional information | not with NADP+ and NADPH | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
NAD+ | NAD+ required, no use of NADP+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
NAD+ | natural cofactor for oxidative deamination | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
NADH | NADH could not be replaced with NADPH for the reductive amination | Kitasatospora aureofaciens | |
nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide | VDH2: 80% of the activity with NAD+ | Kitasatospora aureofaciens |