Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | Chlamydomonas PCYA1 contains unique N- and C-terminal extensions which exhibit autoactivation activity in yeast two-hybrid system | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | identification of mutant pcya1-1, cloning and photosynthetic phenotype analysis, overview. Efficient PCYA1 knockdown by artificial microRNA does not impact algal phototrophic growth. Yeast two-hybrid analyses of protein-protein interaction with bilin biosynthesis metabolism proteins using the coding regions of CrPCYA11TP (amino acids 56-556), CrPCYA1-NTE (amino acids 56-174), CrPCYA1-FDBR (amino acids 175-451), CrPCYA1-CTE (amino acids 449-556), and pull-down assay | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
chloroplast envelope | associated with, PCYA1 is partially associated with chloroplast envelope membrane, consistent with the observed export of bilin from chloroplast to cytosol by cytosolic expression of a bilin-binding reporter protein in Chlamydomonas | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | 9941 | - |
thylakoid membrane | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | 42651 | - |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Fe2+ | in cofactor ferredoxin | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
biliverdin IXalpha + 4 reduced ferredoxin | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | - |
(3Z)-phycocyanobilin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin | - |
? | |
biliverdin IXalpha + 4 reduced ferredoxin | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 4A+ | - |
(3Z)-phycocyanobilin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | A8HUP3 | - |
- |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 4A+ | A8HUP3 | - |
- |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
biliverdin IXalpha + 4 reduced ferredoxin | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | (3Z)-phycocyanobilin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin | - |
? | |
biliverdin IXalpha + 4 reduced ferredoxin | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 4A+ | (3Z)-phycocyanobilin + 4 oxidized ferredoxin | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
More | besides the putative chloroplast transit peptide (TP) and the conserved ferredoxin-dependent biliverdin reductase (FDBR) domain, Chlamydomonas CrPCYA1 contains additional N-terminal extension (NTE) and C-terminal extension (CTE), approximately 120 and 108 amino acids, respectively. The extension exhibit auto activation activity | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
FDBR | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
ferredoxin-dependent biliverdin reductase | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
PCYA1 | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Ferredoxin | - |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
malfunction | both the pcya1-1 mutant with the C-terminal extension of PCYA1 eliminated and efficient knockdown of PCYA1 expression by artificial microRNA exhibit no significant impact on algal phototrophic growth and photosynthetic proteins accumulation, indicating that the conserved FDBR domain is sufficient and minimally required for bilin biosynthesis and functioning. Chlamydomonas PCYA1 uniquely interacts with light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase LPOR (protochlorophyllide reductase, EC 1.3.1.33) but not with ferredoxin:protochlorophyllide reductase DPOR (EC 1.3.7.7). The CTE domain of PCYA1 is dispensable for phototrophic growth and photosynthetic proteins accumulation | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
metabolism | ferredoxin-dependent biliverdin reductase, PCYA1, is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of bilins, mechanism of bilin-mediated regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis, and regulatory mechanisms of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, overview | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
additional information | besides the putative chloroplast transit peptide (TP) and the conserved ferredoxin-dependent biliverdin reductase (FDBR) domain, Chlamydomonas CrPCYA1 contains additional N-terminal extension (NTE) and C-terminal extension (CTE), approximately 120 and 108 amino acids, respectively | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
physiological function | in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, bilins are not only essential retrograde signals to mitigate oxidative stress during diurnal dark-to-light transitions, they are also required for chlorophyll accumulation and maintenance of a functional photosynthetic apparatus in the light. The ferredoxin-dependent biliverdin reductase, FDBR, is involved in the biosynthesis of bilins. Chlamydomonas phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase PCYA1 FDBR domain specifically interacts with the rate-limiting chlorophyll biosynthetic enzyme LPOR (light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase). CrPCYA1 is a key enzyme involved in bilin biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas. Regulatory role of PCYA1 in chlorophyll biosynthesis via interaction with key Chl biosynthetic enzyme. Chlamydomonas PCYA1 contains unique N- and C-terminal extensions which exhibit autoactivation activity in yeast two-hybrid system | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |