Literature summary for 1.3.1.77 extracted from

Zhu, Y.; Wang, H.; Peng, Q.; Tang, Y.; Xia, G.; Wu, J.; Xie, D.Y.
Functional characterization of an anthocyanidin reductase gene from the fibers of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) (2015), Planta, 241, 1075-1089 .

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene GhANR1, cloned from developing fibers, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, ectopic expression of GhANR11 in the Arabidopsis thaliana ban mutant, via transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 105, allows for the reconstruction of the ANR pathway and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the seed coat, recombinant expression of His-Trx-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)	Gossypium hirsutum

Cloned (Comment)

Organism

gene GhANR1, cloned from developing fibers, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, ectopic expression of GhANR11 in the Arabidopsis thaliana ban mutant, via transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 105, allows for the reconstruction of the ANR pathway and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the seed coat, recombinant expression of His-Trx-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)

Gossypium hirsutum

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GhANR11 in Gossypium hirsutum leads to a significant increase in anthocyanins and a decrease in the proanthocyanidins, (-)-epicatechin, and (-)-catechin in the stems and leaves of VIGS-infected plants. Anthocyanin accumulation in leaves and stems increases in VIGS-infected tissue compared to wild-type, phenotype, overview	Gossypium hirsutum

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.
2 cyanidin + 4 NADPH + H+	Gossypium hirsutum	-	(-)-catechin + (-)-epicatechin + 4 NADP+	?	?
2 delphinidin + 4 NADPH + H+	Gossypium hirsutum	-	(-)-gallocatechin + (-)-epigallocatechin + 4 NADP+	?	?
2 pelargonidin + 4 NADPH + H+	Gossypium hirsutum	-	(-)-afzelechin + (-)-epiafzelechin + 4 NADP+	?	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Gossypium hirsutum	A2IBG2	-	-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
recombinant His-Trx-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography	Gossypium hirsutum

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
fiber	-	Gossypium hirsutum	-
leaf	-	Gossypium hirsutum	-
additional information	analysis of GhANR1 expression in developing fibers of Gossypium hirsutum and transgenic Arabidosis thaliana seedlings, overview. Proanthocyanidin contents in different tissues of Gossypium hirsutum, TLC and HPLC determination, overview	Gossypium hirsutum	-
root	-	Gossypium hirsutum	-
seed	-	Gossypium hirsutum	-
stem	-	Gossypium hirsutum	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.
2 cyanidin + 4 NADPH + H+	-	Gossypium hirsutum	(-)-catechin + (-)-epicatechin + 4 NADP+	?	?
2 delphinidin + 4 NADPH + H+	-	Gossypium hirsutum	(-)-gallocatechin + (-)-epigallocatechin + 4 NADP+	?	?
2 pelargonidin + 4 NADPH + H+	-	Gossypium hirsutum	(-)-afzelechin + (-)-epiafzelechin + 4 NADP+	?	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
ANR	-	Gossypium hirsutum
anthocyanidin reductase	-	Gossypium hirsutum
GhANR1	-	Gossypium hirsutum

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C]	Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
45	-	assay at	Gossypium hirsutum

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum	pH Optimum Maximum	Comment	Organism
4.6	-	assay at	Gossypium hirsutum

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
NADPH	-	Gossypium hirsutum

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
physiological function	the anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) pathway is involved in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in upland cotton	Gossypium hirsutum