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Literature summary for 1.3.1.24 extracted from

  • Maines, M.D.
    New insights into biliverdin reductase functions: linking heme metabolism to cell signaling (2005), Physiology, 20, 382-389.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
cGMP BVR localizes into the nucleus upon activation by cGMP Rattus norvegicus
cytokine induces BVR transcription Rattus norvegicus
Ferredoxin
-
Arabidopsis sp.
heme upregulates BVR expression Homo sapiens
hyperthermia induces BVR transcription Rattus norvegicus
oxidant activates Homo sapiens
oxidant activates Rattus norvegicus

Application

Application Comment Organism
additional information BVR regualtes cellular levels of biliverdin, a potent gene regulator and determinant factor for dorsal axis development in Xenopus larva Xenopus sp.
additional information interacts with the insulin receptor kinase domain, key factor in the MAPK pathway and the PI3K pathway as well as regulating PKC isoforms that link the two pathways, plays a role in the mechanism of insulin resistance Homo sapiens
additional information regulates oxidative response and HO-1 expression Rattus norvegicus

Crystallization (Commentary)

Crystallization (Comment) Organism
BVR-NADH complex, NH2-terminal domain in dinucleotide binding Rattus norvegicus

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information changing C73 to alanine inactivates the enzyme, as it is involved in substrate/cofactor binding Rattus norvegicus
additional information point mutation of residues that in BVR interact with the adenine nucleotide, all inactivate the enzyme, S149 essential for acitvity Homo sapiens

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
GATA1 transcription factor GATA1 downregulates BVR expression Homo sapiens
SH-reactive agent 34000 Da form extremely sensitive to, larger 68000 Da form lacks sensitivity to Rattus norvegicus

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytoplasm
-
Rattus norvegicus 5737
-
nucleus
-
Rattus norvegicus 5634
-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Zn2+
-
Homo sapiens

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
34000
-
converted to a larger 68000 Da form when rats are treated with SH-reactive agents Rattus norvegicus
68000
-
-
Rattus norvegicus

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Arabidopsis sp.
-
-
-
Canis lupus familiaris
-
-
-
Cavia porcellus
-
-
-
Cyanidium caldarium
-
-
-
Gallus gallus
-
-
-
Homo sapiens
-
-
-
Mus musculus
-
-
-
Pan troglodytes
-
-
-
Rattus norvegicus
-
-
-
Sus scrofa
-
-
-
Takifugu rubripes
-
-
-
Xenopus sp.
-
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
brain abundantly expressed Rattus norvegicus
-
kidney abundantly expressed Rattus norvegicus
-
larva
-
Xenopus sp.
-
liver
-
Cavia porcellus
-
liver abundantly expressed Rattus norvegicus
-
renal cell carcinoma cell increased activity of BVR, but only in the presence of NADH Homo sapiens
-
spleen abundantly expressed Rattus norvegicus
-
testis sparingly expressed Rattus norvegicus
-
thymus sparingly expressed Rattus norvegicus
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
biliverdin + NAD(P)H
-
Xenopus sp. bilirubin + NAD(P)+
-
?
biliverdin + NAD(P)H + H+
-
Cavia porcellus bilirubin + NAD(P)+
-
?
biliverdin + NAD(P)H + H+
-
Arabidopsis sp. bilirubin + NAD(P)+
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
BVR
-
Gallus gallus
BVR
-
Cavia porcellus
BVR
-
Cyanidium caldarium
BVR
-
Mus musculus
BVR
-
Homo sapiens
BVR
-
Rattus norvegicus
BVR
-
Sus scrofa
BVR
-
Canis lupus familiaris
BVR
-
Arabidopsis sp.
BVR
-
Xenopus sp.
BVR
-
Pan troglodytes
BVR
-
Takifugu rubripes

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADH
-
Homo sapiens
NADH used at acidic pH Rattus norvegicus
NADPH used in the basic range Rattus norvegicus