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Literature summary for 1.2.1.44 extracted from

  • Xue, J.; Luo, D.; Xu, D.; Zeng, M.; Cui, X.; Li, L.; Huang, H.
    CCR1, an enzyme required for lignin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, mediates cell proliferation exit for leaf development (2015), Plant J., 83, 375-387 .
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 1.2.1.44

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene CCR1, the gene locus maps to chromosome 1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information identification and analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutant 'asymmetric leaves1/2 enhancer7' (ae7), which shows defective cell proliferation, ae7 has reduced numbers of cells in the leaf and root, Gene CCR1 in this mutant carries a C to T substitution in the third exon, resulting in an amino acid change from serine to phenylalanine. Mutational modification and analysis, phenotypes, overview Arabidopsis thaliana

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
 r
cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0
-
 cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
 r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ Arabidopsis thaliana best substrate coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
 r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 best substrate coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
 r

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0
-
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
leaf CCR1 is expressed basipetally in the leaf, CCR1 expression is developmentally regulated in leaves,overview. Leaves on day 9 show CCR1 expression strongly at the tip, mildly in the middle, and no expression at the proximal regions Arabidopsis thaliana
-
additional information CCR1 is a developmentally regulated gene, whose basipetally ordered expression pattern perfectly matches that of exit from the cell proliferation phase during leaf development Arabidopsis thaliana
-
root
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
 r
cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
 r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ best substrate Arabidopsis thaliana coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
 r
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ best substrate Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
 r

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
CCR1
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
cinnamoyl CoA reductase
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana
cinnamoyl CoA reductase 1
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADPH
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Arabidopsis thaliana soluble ferulic acid in leaf cells is closely negatively correlated with CCR1 expression down

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction ccr1 mutants exhibits multiple abnormalities, including increased cell proliferation. The ccr1 phenotypes are not due to the reduced lignin content, but instead are due to the dramatically increased level of ferulic acid (FeA), an intermediate in lignin biosynthesis. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ccr1 are markedly reduced. Reduced ferulic acid levels in plants result in an increase in ROS levels and defective cell proliferation Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function cinnamoyl CoA reductase 1 (CCR1) is a key factor involved in progressive exit from the cell proliferation phase. CCR1 catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of cinnamoyl CoA esters to their corresponding cinnamaldehydes, an important step in the biosynthesis of lignin monomers. Enzyme CCR1, ferulic acid, and reactive oxygen species coordinate cell proliferation exit in normal leaf development. Ferulic acid is known to have antioxidant activity. CCR1 acts through depletion of feruclic acid to coordinate with ROS to direct exit from the cell proliferation phase during leaf development Arabidopsis thaliana