Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
biotechnology | potential exploitation of rationally engineered forms of CCR and CAD2 for the targeted modification of monolignol composition in transgenic plants | Medicago truncatula |
biotechnology | potential exploitation of rationally engineered forms of CCR and CAD2 for the targeted modification of monolignol composition in transgenic plants | Petunia x hybrida |
synthesis | potential exploitation of rationally engineered forms of CCR and CAD2 for the targeted modification of monolignol composition in transgenic plants | Medicago truncatula |
synthesis | potential exploitation of rationally engineered forms of CCR and CAD2 for the targeted modification of monolignol composition in transgenic plants | Petunia x hybrida |
Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene CCR1, recombinant expression of His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli | Petunia x hybrida |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.2086 | - |
4-coumaroyl-CoA | recombinant isozyme CCR1, pH 6.0, 25°C | Petunia x hybrida | |
0.2703 | - |
sinapoyl-CoA | recombinant isozyme CCR1, pH 6.0, 25°C | Petunia x hybrida | |
0.3076 | - |
feruloyl-CoA | recombinant isozyme CCR1, pH 6.0, 25°C | Petunia x hybrida |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | Medicago truncatula | - |
4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | Petunia x hybrida | - |
4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | Medicago truncatula | - |
caffealdehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | Medicago truncatula | - |
cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | Medicago truncatula | - |
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | Petunia x hybrida | - |
coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
sinapoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | Medicago truncatula | - |
sinapaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
sinapoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | Petunia x hybrida | - |
sinapaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Medicago truncatula | - |
- |
- |
Medicago truncatula | G7JEE5 | - |
- |
Petunia x hybrida | A0A059TC02 | - |
- |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
recombinant His6-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity chromatography and gel filtration | Petunia x hybrida |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | - |
Medicago truncatula | 4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | - |
Petunia x hybrida | 4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | - |
Medicago truncatula | caffealdehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | low activity | Medicago truncatula | caffealdehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | - |
Medicago truncatula | cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | - |
Medicago truncatula | coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | - |
Petunia x hybrida | coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | best substrate | Petunia x hybrida | coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | preferred substrate for isozyme CCR1 | Medicago truncatula | coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
additional information | isozyme CCR1 also exhibits the highest turnover number with feruloyl-CoA and low activity with caffeoyl-CoA, while isozyme CCR2 prefers caffeoyl- and 4-coumaroyl-CoAs | Medicago truncatula | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | isozyme CCR2 also exhibits the highest turnover number with feruloyl-CoA and low activity with caffeoyl-CoA, while isozyme CCR2 prefers caffeoyl- and 4-coumaroyl-CoAs | Medicago truncatula | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Ph-CCR1 is most active with feruloyl-CoA, followed by sinapoyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA (relative to feruloyl-CoA, 65.4 and 21.6% activity, respectively), and only sparingly active with caffeoyl-CoA and benzoyl-CoA (below 1% activity). Ph-CCR1 exhibits the greatest catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) with feruloyl-CoA and sinapoyl-CoA | Petunia x hybrida | ? | - |
? | |
sinapoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | - |
Medicago truncatula | sinapaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r | |
sinapoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ | - |
Petunia x hybrida | sinapaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ | - |
r |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
CCR | - |
Medicago truncatula |
CCR | - |
Petunia x hybrida |
CCR1 | - |
Medicago truncatula |
CCR1 | - |
Petunia x hybrida |
CCR2 | - |
Medicago truncatula |
cinnamoyl-CoA reductase1 | - |
Medicago truncatula |
cinnamoyl-CoA reductase1 | - |
Petunia x hybrida |
cinnamoyl-CoA reductase2 | - |
Medicago truncatula |
Ph-CCR1 | - |
Petunia x hybrida |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
25 | - |
assay at | Petunia x hybrida |
Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
CCR1 melting temperature is 33°C in absence of ligands and 43-45 in presence of ligands, effect of added ligands, NADP+ and CoA, on melting temperature of Petunia hybrida CCR1 isozyme, overview | Petunia x hybrida |
additional information | - |
CCR1 melting temperature is 35°C in absence of ligands and 42-47 in presence of ligands, effect of added ligands, NADP+ and CoA, on melting temperature of Medicago truncatula CCR2 isozyme, overview | Medicago truncatula |
Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.2 | - |
4-coumaroyl-CoA | recombinant isozyme CCR1, pH 6.0, 25°C | Petunia x hybrida | |
3.4 | - |
sinapoyl-CoA | recombinant isozyme CCR1, pH 6.0, 25°C | Petunia x hybrida | |
5.8 | - |
feruloyl-CoA | recombinant isozyme CCR1, pH 6.0, 25°C | Petunia x hybrida |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
6 | - |
- |
Petunia x hybrida |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADP+ | - |
Medicago truncatula | |
NADP+ | binding structure analysis. Structural comparisons of the NADP+-complexed form of Ph-CCR1 with the apo forms of both Ph-CCR1 and Medicago trunculata Mt-CCR2 reveals a number of adjustments that are localized to polypeptide chain segments surrounding the central cleft and are undoubtedly a direct consequence of NADP+ binding | Medicago truncatula | |
NADP+ | binding structure analysis. Structural comparisons of the NADP+-complexed form of Ph-CCR1 with the apo forms of both Ph-CCR1 and Medicago trunculata Mt-CCR2 reveals a number of adjustments that are localized to polypeptide chain segments surrounding the central cleft and are undoubtedly a direct consequence of NADP+ binding | Petunia x hybrida | |
NADPH | - |
Medicago truncatula | |
NADPH | - |
Petunia x hybrida |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
metabolism | cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase are key enzymes of monolignol biosynthesis | Petunia x hybrida |
metabolism | cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase are key enzymes of monolignol biosynthesis. It is likely that Mt-CCR1 is the major CCR isozyme involved in lignin biosynthesis, and Mt-CCR2 is proposed to be involved in an alternative route for S lignin biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula | Medicago truncatula |
additional information | structural comparisons of various liganded and unliganded forms of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, CCR, and CAD2, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, overview | Medicago truncatula |
additional information | structural comparisons of various liganded and unliganded forms of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, CCR, and CAD2, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, overview. The location of the nicotinamide ring in Ph-CCR1, at the end of a deep cleft, consequently dictates that the hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA substrate is bound with a U-shaped conformation and mostly likely with the phenylpropenyl moiety accommodated within the deepest part of the cleft and the CoA portion folded over and occupying the cleft's outer region. The Ph-CCR1 binding pocket for the phenolic ring is formed by several aliphatic side chains (Ile124, Gly125, Val185, Leu186, and Ala220) and is capped by Tyr284, which is suitably positioned to form a hydrogen bond with the substrate's phenolic (C4) hydroxyl group, importance for CCR of interactions with the 4-hydroxyl group of the ligand's phenolic ring. Substrate binding structure, overview | Petunia x hybrida |
kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 | - |
4-coumaroyl-CoA | recombinant isozyme CCR1, pH 6.0, 25°C | Petunia x hybrida | |
12.6 | - |
sinapoyl-CoA | recombinant isozyme CCR1, pH 6.0, 25°C | Petunia x hybrida | |
18.7 | - |
feruloyl-CoA | recombinant isozyme CCR1, pH 6.0, 25°C | Petunia x hybrida |