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Literature summary for 1.14.99.64 extracted from

  • Zhong, Y.; Huang, J.; Liu, J.; Li, Y.; Jiang, Y.; Xu, Z.; Sandmann, G.; Chen, F.
    Functional characterization of various algal carotenoid ketolases reveals that ketolating zeaxanthin efficiently is essential for high production of astaxanthin in transgenic Arabidopsis (2011), J. Exp. Bot., 62, 3659-3669 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
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Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
expression in Escherichia coli Chromochloris zofingiensis
expression in Escherichia coli Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing the beta-carotene ketolase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii develop orange leaves which accumulate astaxanthin up to 2 mg/g dry weight with a 1.8fold increase in total carotenoids. The ketolases with high activity of converting zeaxanthin to astaxanthin triggers transgenic Arabidopsis to accumulate large amounts of astaxanthin in leaves and seeds Chromochloris zofingiensis
transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing the beta-carotene ketolase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii develop orange leaves which accumulate astaxanthin up to 2 mg/g dry weight with a 1.8fold increase in total carotenoids. The ketolases with high activity of converting zeaxanthin to astaxanthin triggers transgenic Arabidopsis to accumulate large amounts of astaxanthin in leaves and seeds Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
adonixanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 Chromochloris zofingiensis the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of astaxanthin (3S,3'S)-astaxanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
adonixanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of astaxanthin (3S,3'S)-astaxanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 Chromochloris zofingiensis the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of astaxanthin adonixanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of astaxanthin adonixanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Q4VKB4
-
-
Chromochloris zofingiensis Q5U931
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
adonixanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of astaxanthin Chromochloris zofingiensis (3S,3'S)-astaxanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
adonixanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of astaxanthin Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (3S,3'S)-astaxanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
adonixanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 the enzyme shows high (about 85%) conversion rate from zeaxanthin to astaxanthin Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (3S,3'S)-astaxanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
adonixanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 the enzyme shows moderate (about 38%) conversion rate from zeaxanthin to astaxanthin Chromochloris zofingiensis (3S,3'S)-astaxanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of astaxanthin Chromochloris zofingiensis adonixanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of astaxanthin Chlamydomonas reinhardtii adonixanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 the enzyme shows high (about 85%) conversion rate from zeaxanthin to astaxanthin Chlamydomonas reinhardtii adonixanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?
zeaxanthin + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 O2 the enzyme shows moderate (about 38%) conversion rate from zeaxanthin to astaxanthin Chromochloris zofingiensis adonixanthin + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
beta-carotene/zeaxanthin ketolase
-
 Chromochloris zofingiensis
beta-carotene/zeaxanthin ketolase
-
 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
bkt ambiguous Chromochloris zofingiensis
bkt ambiguous Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
metabolism the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of astaxanthin Chromochloris zofingiensis
metabolism the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of astaxanthin Chlamydomonas reinhardtii