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Literature summary for 1.14.19.1 extracted from
- Insights into stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 regulation of systemic metabolism (2017), Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 28, 831-842 .
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| drug development | isozyme SCD1 may represent a therapeutic target to control obesity and the progression of related metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis | Homo sapiens |
| medicine | isozyme SCD1 may represent a therapeutic target to control obesity and the progression of related metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis | Homo sapiens |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| isozyme SCD5 liver-specific overexpression in isozyme SCD1 global knockout mutants | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | generation of global and tissue specific SCD1 knockout mice, phenotypes, detailed overview | Mus musculus |
| additional information | generation of liver-specific SCD3 knockout mice, phenotype. Partial restoration of endogenous palmitoleate levels in the liver through overexpression of mouse wild-type SCD3 isoform | Mus musculus |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| endoplasmic reticulum membrane | an integral protein anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane | Mus musculus | 5789 | - |
| endoplasmic reticulum membrane | an integral protein anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane | Homo sapiens | 5789 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | Homo sapiens | in addition to molecular oxygen, the SCD1 reaction requires NAD(P)H, cytochrome b5 reductase, and cytochrome b5 through which the electrons flow to SCD and then to molecular O2, which is reduced to H2O | ? | - |
? |  |
| additional information | Mus musculus | in addition to molecular oxygen, the SCD1 reaction requires NAD(P)H, cytochrome b5 reductase, and cytochrome b5 through which the electrons flow to SCD and then to molecular O2, which is reduced to H2O | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Mus musculus | mouse SCD3 isoform preferentially catalyzes palmitoleate synthesis | ? | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ | Mus musculus | - |
palmitoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ | Homo sapiens | - |
palmitoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O | - |
? | |
| stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ | Mus musculus | - |
oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O | - |
? | |
| stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ | Homo sapiens | - |
oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | O00767 | - |
- |
| Homo sapiens | Q86SK9 | - |
- |
| Mus musculus | P13011 | - |
- |
| Mus musculus | P13516 | - |
- |
| Mus musculus | Q8BNZ5 | - |
- |
| Mus musculus | Q8CFY4 | - |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3T3-L1 cell | isozyme SCD1 is dramatically induced during 3T3L1 differentiation | Mus musculus | - |
| adipose tissue | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| adipose tissue | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| brown adipose tissue | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| brown adipose tissue | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| harderian gland | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| heart | isozyme SCD4 is expressed mainly in the heart | Mus musculus | - |
| liver | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| liver | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | isozyme SCD1 is abundantly expressed in lipogenic tissues | Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | isozyme SCD1 is ubiquitously expressed and shows higher expression in metabolic tissues | Mus musculus | - |
| additional information | isozyme SCD2 is ubiquitously expressed in most tissues except adult mouse liver | Mus musculus | - |
| additional information | isozyme SCD3 is mainly expressed in Harderian gland, preputial gland, and in mature sebocytes of skin | Mus musculus | - |
| additional information | isozyme SCD5 is predominantly expressed in the brain and pancreas | Homo sapiens | - |
| pancreas | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| preputial gland | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| sebocyte | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| skeletal muscle | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| skeletal muscle | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| skin | mature sebocytes | Mus musculus | - |
| white adipose tissue | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| white adipose tissue | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | in addition to molecular oxygen, the SCD1 reaction requires NAD(P)H, cytochrome b5 reductase, and cytochrome b5 through which the electrons flow to SCD and then to molecular O2, which is reduced to H2O | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | in addition to molecular oxygen, the SCD1 reaction requires NAD(P)H, cytochrome b5 reductase, and cytochrome b5 through which the electrons flow to SCD and then to molecular O2, which is reduced to H2O | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | mouse SCD3 isoform preferentially catalyzes palmitoleate synthesis | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ | - |
Mus musculus | palmitoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O | - |
? | |
| palmitoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | palmitoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O | - |
? | |
| stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ | - |
Mus musculus | oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O | - |
? | |
| stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| SCD1 | - |
Mus musculus |
| SCD1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| SCD2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| SCD3 | - |
Mus musculus |
| SCD4 | - |
Mus musculus |
| SCD5 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 | - |
Mus musculus |
| stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| stearoyl-CoA desaturase-2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| stearoyl-CoA desaturase-3 | - |
Mus musculus |
| stearoyl-CoA desaturase-4 | - |
Mus musculus |
| stearoyl-CoA desaturase-5 | - |
Homo sapiens |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| cytochrome b5 | - |
Mus musculus | |
| cytochrome b5 | - |
Homo sapiens |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | reduced SCD1 activity in the liver causes endoplasmic reticulum stress that is only normalized by exogenous or endogenous oleate but not palmitoleate. SCD1 deficiency-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue feeds toward glycogen synthesis. Localized and systemic SCD1 deficiency increases glucose uptake in white adipose tissue through apparently different mechanisms involving GLUT1 and GLUT4, respectively | Homo sapiens |
| malfunction | reduced SCD1 activity in the liver causes endoplasmic reticulum stress that is only normalized by exogenous or endogenous oleate but not palmitoleate. SCD1 deficiency-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue feeds toward glycogen synthesis. Localized and systemic SCD1 deficiency increases glucose uptake in white adipose tissue through apparently different mechanisms involving GLUT1 and GLUT4, respectively. Liver-specific SCD1 KO mice exhibit different phenotypes compared to skin-specific SCD1 KO mice, suggesting that SCD1 products, monounsaturated fatty acids, carry out different functions in different tissues. Global SCD1 KO mice are protected against high carbohydrate diet and high fat diet-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis. Liver-specific SCD1 knockout mice fed high-fat diet show a significant reduction of white adipose tissue weights compared with control mice. Hepatic SCD1 deficiency causes a significant reduction in hepatic lipogenic gene expression and reduced de novo lipogenesis associated with reduced hepatic triglyceride secretion. Skin-specific knockout mice show protection against high-fat diet-induced adiposity along with increased energy expenditure expected to be sufficient to counter increased calorie intake associated with feeding high-fat diet. In addition, similar to SCD1 global KO mice, skin-specific KO mice are hyperphagic and maintain lean phenotype accompanied by protection against extended high-fat diet feeding-induced insulin resistance. Skin-specific KO mice exhibit increased cold sensitivity and died within 3 h of cold exposure due to hypoglycemia. SCD1 isozyme-specific knockout phenotypes with respect to the other isozymes, detailed overview | Mus musculus |
| metabolism | isozyme SCD1 has a role in adipogenesis and lipid biosynthesis | Mus musculus |
| metabolism | isozyme SCD1 has a role in adipogenesis and lipid biosynthesis | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a central regulator of fuel metabolism. SCD1 catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), mainly oleate and palmitoleate, which are important in controlling weight gain in response to feeding high carbohydrate diets, role of SCD1 isoform in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in metabolic tissues. SCD1 products, oleate and palmitoleate, have different metabolic properties. Palmitoleate reduces hepatic lipogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity, while oleate promotes ectopic fat accumulation and increases glucose intolerance. Hepatic oleate, but not palmitoleate, regulates body weight. Exercise increases SCD1 activity in skeletal muscle, indicating increased fatty acid synthesis, and is proposed to be protective against weight gain | Mus musculus |
| physiological function | stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a central regulator of fuel metabolism. SCD1 catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), mainly oleate and palmitoleate, which are important in controlling weight gain in response to feeding high carbohydrate diets, role of SCD1 isoform in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in metabolic tissues. SCD1 products, oleate and palmitoleate, have different metabolic properties. Palmitoleate reduces hepatic lipogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity, while oleate promotes ectopic fat accumulation and increases glucose intolerance. Hepatic oleate, but not palmitoleate, regulates body weight. Exercise increases SCD1 activity in skeletal muscle, indicating increased fatty acid synthesis, and is proposed to be protective against weight gain | Homo sapiens |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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