Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
retinol | retinol activates tyrosine hydroxylase in vivo via two sequential non-genomic mechanisms: 1. retinol induces an influx in extracellular calcium, activation of protein kinase C and Ser40 phosphorylation, leading to tyrosine hydroxylase activation within 15 min, 2. the retinol-induced rise in intracellular calcium leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Ser31 phosphorylation and the maintenance of tyrosine hydroxylase activation for up to 2 h | Bos taurus |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Ca2+ | activates the enzyme via retinol induction of extracellular Ca2+ influx, the activation is completely blocked by EGTA | Bos taurus |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | Bos taurus | the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Bos taurus | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
phosphoprotein | the enzyme is phospbhorylated at Ser19, Ser31, and Ser40 and thereby activated, the activation is completely blocked by EGTA | Bos taurus |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
adrenal gland | - |
Bos taurus | - |
chromaffin cell | adrenal | Bos taurus | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | - |
Bos taurus | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
? | |
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines | Bos taurus | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
tyrosine hydroxylase | - |
Bos taurus |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
25 | - |
assay at | Bos taurus |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7.2 | - |
assay at | Bos taurus |