Literature summary for 1.13.11.27 extracted from

Jiang, J.; Chen, Z.; Ban, L.; Wu, Y.; Huang, J.; Chu, J.; Fang, S.; Wang, Z.; Gao, H.; Wang, X.
p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from Medicago sativa is involved in vitamin E biosynthesis and abscisic acid-mediated seed germination (2017), Sci. Rep., 7, 40625 .

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Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene MsHPPD, DNA and amio acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, quantitative reverse transcription PCR enzyme expression analysis, promoter sequence of MsHPPD is analyzed. Recombinant overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana in primary roots, sepals, petals, stigma, filament tubes, pollens, and the ends of seeds, no expression in in the root tip or hypocotyls	Medicago sativa

Cloned (Comment)

Organism

gene MsHPPD, DNA and amio acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, quantitative reverse transcription PCR enzyme expression analysis, promoter sequence of MsHPPD is analyzed. Recombinant overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana in primary roots, sepals, petals, stigma, filament tubes, pollens, and the ends of seeds, no expression in in the root tip or hypocotyls

Medicago sativa

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	heterologous overexpression of gene MsHPPD in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly increases the level of beta-tocotrienol and the total vitamin E content in Arabidopsis seeds. The transgenic Arabidopsis seeds exhibit an accelerated germination time, compared with wild-type seeds under normal conditions, as well as under NaCl and abscisic acid treatments. The expression level of several genes associated with abscisic acid biosynthesis (NCED3, NCED5, and NCED9) and the abscisic acid signaling pathway (RAB18, ABI3, and ABI5) are significantly downregulated in MsHPPD-overexpressing transgenic lines, as well as the total free abscisic acid content, phenotype. MsHPPD expression in three MsHPPD-overexpressing transgenic lines and wild-type, overview. Expression levels of ABA biosynthesis and ABA signaling pathway genes in MsHPPD-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana	Medicago sativa

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2	Medicago sativa	-	homogentisate + CO2	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Medicago sativa	A0A1S5V3J7	-	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
cotyledon	-	Medicago sativa	-
flower	lowest expression level in early flowers	Medicago sativa	-
leaf	high enzyme expression level, espexially in rosettes leaves	Medicago sativa	-
additional information	expression pattern of gene MsHPPD in different organs, expression analysis. MsHPPD expression in three MsHPPD-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines and wild-type Medicago sativa	Medicago sativa	-
root	-	Medicago sativa	-
seed	-	Medicago sativa	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2	-	Medicago sativa	homogentisate + CO2	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
HPPD	-	Medicago sativa
MsHPPD	-	Medicago sativa
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase	-	Medicago sativa

Expression

Organism	Comment	Expression
Medicago sativa	PEG 6000, NaCl, abscisic acid and salicylic acid significantly induce MsHPPD expression, especially in the cotyledons and root tissues	up

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
malfunction	mutant plants with null alleles of HPPD are reported to exhibit a lethal photobleaching phenotype. MsHPPD expression in three MsHPPD-overexpressing transgenic lines and wild-type, overview	Medicago sativa
metabolism	enzyme HPPD is the first committed enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of vitamin E. Vitamin E is not a single compound, but rather the collective name for a group of eight lipid-soluble antioxidants consisting of a polar chromanol head group and a hydrophobic prenyl tail, which are derived from the methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) and shikimate pathways. Four of these compounds are termed tocopherols, and the other four are termed tocotrienols, and depending on the saturation level of the hydrophobic tail and also the number and position of the methyl groups on the chromanol ring, members of the vitamin E group are classified into alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-forms. In plants, the production of HGA is the first step in tocopherol synthesis, and homogentisic acid (HGA) is synthesized from p-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate (HPP) in a reaction catalyzed by enzyme HPPD	Medicago sativa
physiological function	4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase is involved in vitamin E biosynthesis and abscisic acid-mediated seed germination in Medicago sativa. MsHPPD functions not only in the vitamin E biosynthetic pathway, but also plays a critical role in seed germination via affecting abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling, overview. HPPD is essential for plant viability	Medicago sativa