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Literature summary for 1.1.1.21 extracted from

  • Kang, E.S.; Kim, H.J.; Paek, K.S.; Jang, H.S.; Chang, K.C.; Lee, J.H.; Nishinaka, T.; Yabe-Nishimura, C.; Seo, H.G.
    Phorbol ester up-regulates aldose reductase expression in A549 cells: a potential role for aldose reductase in cell cycle modulation (2005), Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 62, 1146-1155.
    View publication on PubMed

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate i.e. TPA, induces enzyme expression in A-549 cells and increases the enzyme activity, TPA is a potent tumor promoter, TPA-induced increase in mRNA level and promoter activity of the AR gene is significantly attenuated in the presence of inhibitors of protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase, or nuclear kinase and NF- kB, cycloheximide, actinomycin D, bisindolylmaleimide I, and genistein abolish enzyme induction by TPA Homo sapiens

Application

Application Comment Organism
medicine inhibition of AR may assist in the chemotherapy of malignant tumors by suppressing the rapid growth of cancer cells Homo sapiens

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
ethyl 1-benzyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-oxopyrrole-4-carboxylate an AR inhibitor, abolishes the accumulation of TPA-treated cells in S phase was almost completely Homo sapiens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ Homo sapiens
-
glycerol + NADP+
-
?
additional information Homo sapiens the enzyme may serve as an extrahepatic detoxification enzyme against endogenous and xenobiotic aldehydes in various tissues or cells ?
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens
-
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
A-549 cell lung adenocarcinoma cell line Homo sapiens
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+
-
Homo sapiens glycerol + NADP+
-
?
additional information the enzyme may serve as an extrahepatic detoxification enzyme against endogenous and xenobiotic aldehydes in various tissues or cells Homo sapiens ?
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
aldose reductase
-
Homo sapiens
AR
-
Homo sapiens
More the enzyme belongs to the NADPH-dependent aldo-keot reductase family Homo sapiens

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
6.2
-
assay at Homo sapiens

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADPH
-
Homo sapiens