Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
expressed in Escherichia coli RB791 cells | Saccharolobus solfataricus |
Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
- |
Saccharolobus solfataricus |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
W95L | the mutant displays no apparent activity with short-chain primary and secondary alcohols and poor activity with aromatic substrates and coenzyme, the substitution affects the structural stability of the archaeal ADH, decreasing its thermal stability without relevant changes in secondary structure, optimum pH is at about pH 10 | Saccharolobus solfataricus |
W95L/N249Y | the mutant exhibits higher activity but decreased affinity toward aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes as well as NAD+ and NADH compared to the wild type enzyme, optimum pH is at about pH 8.6 | Saccharolobus solfataricus |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.008 | - |
NADH | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.009 | - |
trans-cinnamaldehyde | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.01 | - |
NADH | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.012 | - |
(S)-2-butanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.027 | - |
1-Pentanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.03 | - |
benzaldehyde | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.03 | - |
Cyclohexanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.035 | - |
1-Hexanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.038 | - |
1-Heptanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.04 | - |
1-Hexanol | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.07 | - |
benzaldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.07 | - |
Butyraldehyde | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.07 | - |
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.07 | - |
(S)-2-pentanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.08 | - |
1-butanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.09 | - |
trans-cinnamaldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L,, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.12 | - |
benzyl alcohol | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.12 | - |
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.13 | - |
Butyraldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.21 | - |
1-Heptanol | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.22 | - |
(R)-2-pentanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.23 | - |
trans-cinnamaldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.24 | - |
1-propanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.25 | - |
2-ethoxyethanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.26 | - |
1-Pentanol | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.26 | - |
benzyl alcohol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.26 | - |
Isobutyraldehyde | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.27 | - |
Butyraldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.27 | - |
3-Pentanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.28 | - |
benzaldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.33 | - |
Isobutyraldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.41 | - |
(R)-2-butanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.5 | - |
NAD+ | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.67 | - |
1-Heptanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.75 | - |
NADH | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.76 | - |
Isobutyraldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.88 | - |
1-Hexanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
1.3 | - |
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
1.6 | - |
1-butanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
1.9 | - |
1-Pentanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
3.8 | - |
benzyl alcohol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
4 | - |
NAD+ | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
4.5 | - |
Cyclohexanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
4.6 | - |
ethanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
6.5 | - |
1-propanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
8.8 | - |
(S)-2-pentanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
11.7 | - |
(R)-2-pentanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
29.8 | - |
(S)-2-butanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
37.4 | - |
(R)-2-butanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
50 | - |
NAD+ | Km above 50 mM, mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
66 | - |
ethanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Saccharolobus solfataricus | P39462 | - |
- |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
- |
Saccharolobus solfataricus |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
0.5 | - |
purified mutant enzyme W95L, using benzyl alcohol as substrate, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus |
4.2 | - |
purified wild type enzyme, using benzyl alcohol as substrate, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus |
18.6 | - |
purified mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, using benzyl alcohol as substrate, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(R)-2-butanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | 2-butanone + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
(R)-2-pentanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | 2-pentanone + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
(S)-2-butanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | 2-butanone + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
(S)-2-pentanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | 2-pentanone + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
1-butanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | butanal + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
1-heptanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | 1-heptanal + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
1-hexanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | 1-hexanal + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
1-pentanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | 1-pentanal + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
1-propanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | propanal + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
2-ethoxyethanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | 2-ethoxyacetaldehyde + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
3-pentanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | 3-pentanone + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | 4-methoxybenzaldehyde + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
benzyl alcohol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | benzaldehyde + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
cyclohexanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | cyclohexanone + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
ethanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | acetaldehyde + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
isobutyraldehyde + NADH + H+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | isobutanol + NAD+ | - |
r | |
n-butanol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | butyraldehyde + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
pentan-3-ol + NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | 3-pentanone + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
trans-cinnamaldehyde + NADH + H+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus | cinnamyl alcohol + NAD+ | - |
r |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
ADH | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus |
NAD+-dependent (S)-stereospecific alcohol dehydrogenase | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus |
Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
65 | 88 | the single and double mutant are less thermoresistant than the wild type enzyme, displaying a transition temperature of 78 and 88°C, respectively, which are 17 and 7°C lower than that of the wild-type enzyme. At 65°C the single mutant W95L is 10fold less active and the double mutant W95L/N249Y is about 6fold more active than wild type enzyme, the reaction rate catalyzed by the double mutant W95L/N249Y increases more markedly than that of the wild type enzyme up to a temperature of about 83°C and then decreases rapidly due to thermal inactivation. The reaction rate of the single mutant W95L increases more slowly up to about 80°C and then decreases rapidly. At 65°C the single mutant is 10fold less active and the double mutant is about 6fold more active than wild type enzyme. | Saccharolobus solfataricus |
Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.21 | - |
trans-cinnamaldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L,, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.35 | - |
benzyl alcohol | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.36 | - |
benzaldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.36 | - |
Butyraldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.37 | - |
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.38 | - |
NADH | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.42 | - |
1-Hexanol | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.51 | - |
1-Heptanol | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.52 | - |
NAD+ | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.53 | - |
1-Pentanol | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
0.82 | - |
Isobutyraldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
1 | - |
(R)-2-butanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
1.1 | - |
(R)-2-pentanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
1.2 | - |
Cyclohexanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
1.2 | - |
(S)-2-butanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
1.5 | - |
3-Pentanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
1.6 | - |
1-Heptanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
1.6 | - |
2-ethoxyethanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
1.7 | - |
(R)-2-butanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
1.9 | - |
(R)-2-pentanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
2 | - |
1-Hexanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
2.1 | - |
trans-cinnamaldehyde | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
2.5 | - |
1-propanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
2.5 | - |
1-Pentanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
2.6 | - |
(S)-2-pentanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
2.9 | - |
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
3.1 | - |
ethanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
3.1 | - |
1-butanol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
3.4 | - |
NAD+ | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
3.6 | - |
benzyl alcohol | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
4.1 | - |
ethanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
4.8 | - |
(S)-2-butanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
6.7 | - |
(S)-2-pentanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
10.3 | - |
NADH | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
11.3 | - |
benzaldehyde | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
11.9 | - |
1-Heptanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
12.4 | - |
Cyclohexanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
13.1 | - |
benzaldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
13.3 | - |
1-Hexanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
15.1 | - |
1-butanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
15.7 | - |
1-propanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
16.3 | - |
1-Pentanol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
16.8 | - |
4-methoxybenzyl alcohol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
18.1 | - |
Isobutyraldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
18.9 | - |
trans-cinnamaldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
19.7 | - |
Butyraldehyde | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
19.7 | - |
Butyraldehyde | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
20 | - |
benzyl alcohol | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
21 | - |
NAD+ | Km above 50 mM, mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
29 | - |
Isobutyraldehyde | wild type enzyme, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus | |
34.8 | - |
NADH | mutant enzyme W95L/N249Y, in 0.1 M glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 10.5), at 65°C | Saccharolobus solfataricus |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
6.8 | - |
for the reduction reaction with benzaldehyde | Saccharolobus solfataricus |
9.5 | - |
for the oxidation reaction, ADH activity shows a slight dependence on pH, displaying a broad peak with a maximum around 9.5 | Saccharolobus solfataricus |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NAD+ | - |
Saccharolobus solfataricus |