Ligand D-galactose

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Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure
Picture of D-galactose (click for magnification)
Molecular Formula
BRENDA Name
InChIKey
C6H12O6
D-galactose
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N
Synonyms:
D-galactopyranose, D-galactopyranose[side 2], D-galactopyranoside, D-galactose units, D-galactose[side 2], D-galactosylpyranoside, galactopyranose, galactose
Pathway Source
Pathways
BRENDA
degradation of hexoses, metabolism of disaccharids
KEGG
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, Bacterial chemotaxis, Carbohydrate digestion and absorption, Galactose metabolism, Mineral absorption more
MetaCyc
A series fagopyritols biosynthesis, agarose degradation, alpha-tomatine degradation, B series fagopyritols biosynthesis, D-galactose degradation I (Leloir pathway) more


Show all pahtways known for Show all BRENDA pathways known for D-galactose

Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (21 results)

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EC NUMBER
PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactonolactone + NADPH
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NAD+ = ? + NADH
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NADPH = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NADPH + H+ = galactitol + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NADP+ = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + O2 = 2-dehydro-D-galactose + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + O2 = D-galacto-1,5-lactone + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
show the reaction diagram
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D-galactose + O2 = ? + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate = lactotrehalose + phosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
ATP + galactose = ADP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose = D-tagatose
show the reaction diagram
-
ATP + H2O + D-galactose/out = ADP + phosphate + D-galactose/in
show the reaction diagram
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In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (43 results)

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EC NUMBER
PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
lactotrehalose + phosphate = D-galactose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
beta-(1-3)-D-galactan + H2O = beta-(1-3)-D-galactan + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
-
peptidophosphogalactomannan + H2O = peptidophosphogalactomannan + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = D-galactose + beta-D-glucose
show the reaction diagram
-
locust bean gum + H2O = mannose + galactose
show the reaction diagram
-
lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
arabinogalactan + H2O = galactose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
ATP + H2O + D-galactose/out = ADP + phosphate + D-galactose/in
show the reaction diagram
-

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (177 results)

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EC NUMBER
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
D-galactose + NAD+ = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + NADH + H+
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NADPH = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NADPH = NADP+ + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NAD+ = ? + NADH
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + NADPH
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NADPH + H+ = D-galactitol + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NADPH = ? + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NADPH = ? + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NADPH + H+ = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + O2 = 2-dehydro-D-galactose + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + O2 = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + O2 = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + O2 = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol = ? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
D-Galactose + D-fructose = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol = ? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + NADPH
show the reaction diagram
-
acetyl-CoA + D-galactose = CoA + 6-O-acetyl-D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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UDP-glucose + D-galactose = UDP + ?
show the reaction diagram
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soluble starch + D-galactose = ?
show the reaction diagram
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alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-galactose = phosphate + ?
show the reaction diagram
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UDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-galactose = alpha-D-Glc-(1->1)-alpha-D-Glc + UDP
show the reaction diagram
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UDP-galactose + D-galactose = UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-1,3-D-galactoside
show the reaction diagram
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ATP + D-galactose = ADP + D-galactose 1-phosphate
show the reaction diagram
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ATP + D-galactose = ADP + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
-
ATP + D-galactose = ADP + D-galactose 6-phosphate
show the reaction diagram
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D-galactose + vinyl acetate = ? + vinyl alcohol
show the reaction diagram
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ferulic acid + D-galactose = ?
show the reaction diagram
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D-galactose + diphosphate = ?
show the reaction diagram
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phosphatidylcholine + D-galactose = phosphatidylgalactose + choline
show the reaction diagram
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pyridoxine + D-galactose = 7-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)pyridoxine + 7-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)pyridoxine + 6-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)pyridoxine
show the reaction diagram
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D-galactose + phenyl alpha-D-galactoside = ?
show the reaction diagram
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4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-mannopyranose + D-galactose = ?
show the reaction diagram
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galactose + H2O = ?
show the reaction diagram
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Galbeta(1-3)GalNAcalpha(1-)p-nitrophenyl + galactose = ?
show the reaction diagram
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D-galactose = D-glucose
show the reaction diagram
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D-Galactose = ?
show the reaction diagram
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D-galactose = D-tagatose + D-talose
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose = D-tagatose
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose = D-tagatose
show the reaction diagram
-
D-Galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = D-Galactose 6-phosphate + D-glucose
show the reaction diagram
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ATP + H2O + D-galactose/out = ADP + phosphate + D-galactose/in
show the reaction diagram
-

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (242 results)

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EC NUMBER
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
galactitol + NAD+ = galactose + NADH
show the reaction diagram
-
galactitol + O2 = D-galactose + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
raffinose + (2,6-beta-D-fructosyl)n = galactose + (2,6-beta-D-fructosyl)n+1
show the reaction diagram
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lactotrehalose + phosphate = D-galactose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate
show the reaction diagram
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-
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + H2O = myo-inositol + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + H2O = myo-inositol + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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-
UDP-galactose + H2O = UDP + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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-
ATP + D-galactose = ADP + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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-
D-galactose pentaacetate + H2O = D-galactose + acetate
show the reaction diagram
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D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
-
UDP-galactose + H2O = UDP + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
-
-
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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monogalactosylceramide + H2O = ceramide + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O = D-galactopyranose + p-nitrophenol
show the reaction diagram
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beta-(1->6)-galactotriose + H2O = beta-(1->6)-galactobiose + galactose
show the reaction diagram
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N-acetylneuraminic acid-alpha-2,6-D-galactose + H2O = N-acetylneuraminic acid + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactoside + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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melibiose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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lactulose + H2O = D-galactose + D-fructose
show the reaction diagram
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6-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3 diazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl)-beta-D-galactosylceramide + H2O = 6-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3 diazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl)ceramide + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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2-O-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-D-galactose + H2O = L-fucose + galactose
show the reaction diagram
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2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O = 2-nitrophenol + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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locust bean gum + H2O = mannose + galactose
show the reaction diagram
-
lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactose + H2O = o-nitrophenol + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + D-galactopyranose
show the reaction diagram
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cell wall polysaccharide + H2O = arabinose + galactose + rhamnose + fucose
show the reaction diagram
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lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
-
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UDP-galactose + H2O = UDP + galactose
show the reaction diagram
-
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D-glucose = D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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D-tagatose = D-galactose
show the reaction diagram
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ATP + H2O + D-galactose/out = ADP + phosphate + D-galactose/in
show the reaction diagram
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ATP + H2O + D-galactopyranose-[galactopyranose-binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + D-galactopyranose[side 2] + [galactopyranose-binding protein][side 1]
show the reaction diagram
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Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (18 results)

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EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
increase of activity
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favores CGTase synthesis
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Gal is required for the enhancement of Notch signaling by LFNG, whereas Gal inhibits the enhancement of DLL1-induced NOTCH signaling by MFNG
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30% activation at 1%, with concentration of 1% sucrose
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or galactose moieties in galactolipids are required
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activates isoenzyme Hex II
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galactose growth medium induces enzyme activity, not expression, and increases Vmax by about 50% compared to glucose medium
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enhanced activity with 4-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate
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higher activity
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activates
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80% activation at 3 mM
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transcripton regulator
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22% increase of activity in the presence of galactose
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isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside addition is not required to induce recombinant protein production as galactose, one of the monomers of trisaccharide raffinose present in the beet molasses (1.2%), induces the lac promoter
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Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (85 results)

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EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
79% inhibition of L-glucose oxidation
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Gal is required for the enhancement of Notch signaling by LFNG, whereas Gal inhibits the enhancement of DLL1-induced NOTCH signaling by MFNG
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a 40fold excess of unlabeled galactose reduces maltose uptake to about 30-40% of the control rate
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30% inhibition at 10 mM
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above 1 mM
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5 mM, 21% inhibition
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slight inhibition
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50 mM, 10% inhibition
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22% inhibition, recombinant enzyme
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o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside hydrolyzing activity
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0.5 M, 23% inhibition
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measured with lactose as the substrate
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endproduct inhibition, inhibition of enzymeactivity was stronger with glucose than galactose
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Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

kcat Value (Turnover Number) (260 results)

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EC NUMBER
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/S]
TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM [1/S]
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
12
-
-
0.68
-
50 mM
145
-
-
0.32
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10 mM MnCl2, 0.3 mM UDP-galactose
0.00026
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in McIlvaine buffer (pH 7.5), at 35°C

KM Value (423 results)

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EC NUMBER
KM VALUE [MM]
KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
22
-
in the presence of NADP+, in 100 mM triethanolamine/HCl buffer, 20 mM MgCl2, at 70°C
11.1
-
-
0.287
-
-
30
-
strain 89B
140
-
-
333
-
-
543
-
aldehyde reductase II
160
-
50 mM
170
-
-
12.7
-
pH 7.0, 37°C
392
-
10 mM MnCl2, 0.3 mM UDP-galactose
105
-
pH 7.0, 50°C
26.4
-
in McIlvaine buffer (pH 7.5), at 35°C
6.5
-
-
1.029
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pH 8.0, 40°C

Ki Value (52 results)

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EC NUMBER
KI VALUE [MM]
KI VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
1000
-
30°C, pH 6.6
0.5
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
366
-
pH 5.5, 80°C
270
-
pH 5.5, 80°C

IC50 Value (2 results)

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EC NUMBER
IC50 VALUE
IC50 VALUE MAXIMUM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
50
-
GalNAc-MUC1 binding to biotinylated GalNAc-T4
10
-
-

References & Links

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