Ligand D-galactopyranose

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Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

C₆H₁₂O₆

D-galactopyranose

WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N

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Synonyms:

D-galactopyranose[side 2], D-galactopyranoside, D-galactose, D-galactose units, D-galactose[side 2], D-galactosylpyranoside, galactopyranose, galactose

Related pathways

BRENDA

degradation of hexoses, metabolism of disaccharids

KEGG

Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, Bacterial chemotaxis, Biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars, Carbohydrate digestion and absorption, Galactose metabolism

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MetaCyc

A series fagopyritols biosynthesis, agarose degradation, alpha-tomatine degradation, B series fagopyritols biosynthesis, D-galactose degradation I (Leloir pathway)

more

Show all BRENDA pathways known for D-galactopyranose

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (23 results)

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1.1.1.120

D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactonolactone + NADPH

285790, 285791, 285792

1.1.1.175

D-galactose + NAD+ = ? + NADH

286115

1.1.1.21

D-galactose + NADPH = ?

286238

1.1.1.360

D-galactose + NADP+ = ?

726594

1.1.1.376

D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+

759203

1.1.1.431

D-galactose + NADPH + H+ = galactitol + NADP+

D-galactose + O2 = 2-dehydro-D-galactose + H2O2

724979

1.1.3.5

D-galactose + O2 = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H2O2

D-galactose + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol

724852

1.1.99.B3

D-galactose + O2 = ? + H2O2

724616

2.4.1.388

alpha-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate + D-galactopyranose = beta-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose + phosphate

764483

2.4.1.389

D-galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = solabiose + phosphate

765796

2.4.1.64

D-galactose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate = lactotrehalose + phosphate

735936

2.7.1.6

ATP + galactose = ADP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate

641727, 641710, 641708, 641721, 641726, 641728

5.3.1.4

D-galactose = D-tagatose

662605, 660775, 660774, 662489, 660806, 661387, 660770, 661274, 726893, 768854, 771193, 773856, 776140, 769332

7.5.2.7

ATP + H2O + D-galactose/out = ADP + phosphate + D-galactose/in

289121

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (47 results)

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2.4.1.388

beta-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate + D-galactopyranose

2.4.1.389

solabiose + phosphate = D-galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate

2.4.1.64

lactotrehalose + phosphate = D-galactose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate

3.1.3.10

D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate

134579, -

3.1.3.94

alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate

peptidophosphogalactomannan + H2O = peptidophosphogalactomannan + D-galactose

208540

3.2.1.21

lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose

4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = D-galactose + beta-D-glucose

208744, 208745, 208747, 208748, 208751, 208757, 208763, 208759, 208758, 208756, 208760, 208762, 208764, 208750, 208743, 208749, 208746, 208761

3.2.1.78

locust bean gum + H2O = mannose + galactose

208814, -

3.2.1.83

3 entries

3.2.1.85

lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose

3.2.1.89

arabinogalactan + H2O = galactose

ATP + H2O + D-galactose/out = ADP + phosphate + D-galactose/in

289121

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (191 results)

D-galactose + NAD+ = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + NADH + H+

285798

1.1.1.145

D-galactose + NADPH = ?

389394

1.1.1.149

D-galactose + NADPH = NADP+ + ?

286000

1.1.1.175

D-galactose + NAD+ = ? + NADH

286115

1.1.1.179

D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + NADPH

286124, 686797, 286126

1.1.1.19

D-galactose + NADPH + H+ = D-galactitol + NADP+

286143

1.1.1.2

D-galactose + NADPH = ? + NADP+

D-galactose + NADPH = ? + NADP+

D-galactose + NADPH + H+ = ?

D-galactose + NADH + H+ = ?

D-galactose + phenazine methosulfate = 3-dehydro-D-galactose + reduced phenazine methosulfate

763936

1.1.2.8

D-galactose + phenazine methosulfate = ? + reduced phenazine methosulfate

D-galactose + O2 = 2-dehydro-D-galactose + H2O2

D-galactose + O2 = ?

D-galactose + O2 = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H2O2

287636, 287638, 287639, 287637, 287635, 287634, 743600

D-galactose + O2 = ?

D-galactose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol = ? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol

D-galactose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol = ?

D-Galactose + D-fructose = ?

D-galactose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol = ? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol

D-galactose + NADP+ + H2O = ?

763358

1.3.1.20

D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + NADPH

286128, 349243

2.3.1.79

acetyl-CoA + D-galactose = CoA + 6-O-acetyl-D-galactose

UDP-glucose + D-galactose = UDP + ?

soluble starch + D-galactose = ?

488854, 488861

2.4.1.20

alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-galactose = phosphate + ?

758413

2.4.1.245

UDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-galactose = alpha-D-Glc-(1->1)-alpha-D-Glc + UDP

D-galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = 3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-galactose + phosphate

776483

2.4.1.388

alpha-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate + D-galactopyranose = beta-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose + phosphate

764483

2.4.1.389

D-galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = solabiose + phosphate

UDP-galactose + D-galactose = UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-1,3-D-galactoside

ATP + D-galactose = ADP + D-galactose 1-phosphate

ATP + D-galactose = ADP + D-galactose

759161

2.7.1.55

ATP + D-galactose = ADP + D-galactose 6-phosphate

D-galactose + vinyl acetate = ? + vinyl alcohol

715029

3.1.1.73

ferulic acid + D-galactose = ?

678379

3.1.3.9

D-galactose + diphosphate = ?

134941

3.1.4.4

phosphatidylcholine + D-galactose = phosphatidylgalactose + choline

135456

3.2.1.21

pyridoxine + D-galactose = 7-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)pyridoxine + 7-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)pyridoxine + 6-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)pyridoxine

696850

3.2.1.22

D-galactose + phenyl alpha-D-galactoside = ?

171187, 679379

3.2.1.25

4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-mannopyranose + D-galactose = ?

galactose + H2O = ?

Galbeta(1-3)GalNAcalpha(1-)p-nitrophenyl + galactose = ?

208869

4.1.3.3

galactose + pyruvate = 5,7-di-epi-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid

D-galactose = D-talose

774407

5.1.3.2

D-galactose = D-glucose

D-Galactose = ?

D-galactose = D-tagatose

769854

5.3.1.26

D-galactose = D-tagatose + D-talose

674989

5.3.1.3

D-galactose = D-tagatose

D-galactose = D-tagatose

746793

5.4.2.5

D-Galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = D-Galactose 6-phosphate + D-glucose

3330

7.5.2.7

ATP + H2O + D-galactose/out = ADP + phosphate + D-galactose/in

289121

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (258 results)

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1.1.1.255

galactitol + NAD+ = galactose + NADH

286403

1.1.3.40

galactitol + O2 = D-galactose + H2O2

2.4.1.10

raffinose + (2,6-beta-D-fructosyl)n = galactose + (2,6-beta-D-fructosyl)n+1

488316, -

2.4.1.388

beta-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-galactose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate + D-galactopyranose

2.4.1.389

solabiose + phosphate = D-galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate

2.4.1.64

lactotrehalose + phosphate = D-galactose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate

2.4.1.67

1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + H2O = myo-inositol + D-galactose

638261, 638268

2.4.1.82

1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + H2O = myo-inositol + D-galactose

2.4.1.87

UDP-galactose + H2O = UDP + D-galactose

2.7.1.2

ATP + D-galactose = ADP + D-galactose

3.1.1.72

D-galactose pentaacetate + H2O = D-galactose + acetate

649377

3.1.3.10

D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate

134582, 134585, 134579, -

3.1.3.110

D-galactose 1'-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate

D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate

3.1.3.58

2 entries

3.1.3.93

D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate

3.1.3.94

alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate

3.1.4.40

UDP-galactose + H2O = UDP + D-galactose

galactose-6-sulfate + H2O = galactose + sulfate

3.2.1.108

6 entries

3.2.1.11

dextran + H2O = cellobiose + xylose + arabinose + galactose + glycerol

3.2.1.118

4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + D-galactose

p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O = D-galactopyranose + p-nitrophenol

iota-carrageenan + H2O = D-galactose + ?

3.2.1.159

3 entries

3.2.1.164

beta-(1->6)-galactotriose + H2O = beta-(1->6)-galactobiose + galactose

4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactoside + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + D-galactose

melibiose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose

lactulose + H2O = D-galactose + D-fructose

3.2.1.45

6-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3 diazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl)-beta-D-galactosylceramide + H2O = 6-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3 diazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl)ceramide + D-galactose

methyl GlcNAc-beta-(1,3)-Gal + H2O = methyl GlcNAc + D-galactose

3.2.1.58

4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + D-galactose

3.2.1.62

12 entries

3.2.1.63

2-O-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-D-galactose + H2O = L-fucose + galactose

136749, 208732

3.2.1.74

2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O = 2-nitrophenol + D-galactose

3.2.1.78

locust bean gum + H2O = mannose + galactose

208814, -

3.2.1.81

beta-4-nitrophenyl galactopyranoside + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + galactopyranose

3.2.1.83

6 entries

3.2.1.85

lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose

3.2.1.86

o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactose + H2O = o-nitrophenol + D-galactose

3.2.1.89

7 entries

3.2.1.91

4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + D-galactopyranose

3.2.1.99

cell wall polysaccharide + H2O = arabinose + galactose + rhamnose + fucose

lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose

3.2.1.B34

4 entries

3.2.1.B40

4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside + H2O = 4-nitrophenol + D-galactose

3.2.1.B41

2 entries

3.6.1.13

UDP-galactose + H2O = UDP + galactose

3.7.1.4

3 entries

4.1.3.3

5,7-di-epi-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid = galactose + pyruvate

5.1.3.2

D-glucose = D-galactose

5.3.1.4

D-tagatose = D-galactose

7.5.2.11

4 entries

7.5.2.7

ATP + H2O + D-galactose/out = ADP + phosphate + D-galactose/in

289121

7.5.2.9

ATP + H2O + D-galactopyranose-[galactopyranose-binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + D-galactopyranose[side 2] + [galactopyranose-binding protein][side 1]

7.5.2.B9

ATP + H2O + D-galactose-[alpha-glucoside-binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + D-galactose[side 2] + [alpha-glucoside-binding protein][side 1]

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (19 results)

increase of activity

favores CGTase synthesis

488855

2.4.1.222

Gal is required for the enhancement of Notch signaling by LFNG, whereas Gal inhibits the enhancement of DLL1-induced NOTCH signaling by MFNG

722798

2.4.1.5

30% activation at 1%, with concentration of 1% sucrose

735553

2.5.1.32

or galactose moieties in galactolipids are required

637882

2.7.1.1

activates isoenzyme Hex II

640232

2.7.7.12

galactose growth medium induces enzyme activity, not expression, and increases Vmax by about 50% compared to glucose medium

642851

3.1.1.6

enhanced activity with 4-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate

higher activity

activates

slight activation

80% activation at 3 mM

710485

3.4.22.40

transcripton regulator

36722

3.5.1.93

22% increase of activity in the presence of galactose

690011

4.1.2.38

isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside addition is not required to induce recombinant protein production as galactose, one of the monomers of trisaccharide raffinose present in the beet molasses (1.2%), induces the lac promoter

704228

5.6.2.1

694898

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (92 results)

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1.1.1.122

79% inhibition of L-glucose oxidation

Gal is required for the enhancement of Notch signaling by LFNG, whereas Gal inhibits the enhancement of DLL1-induced NOTCH signaling by MFNG

a 40fold excess of unlabeled galactose reduces maltose uptake to about 30-40% of the control rate

674325

2.7.1.4

30% inhibition at 10 mM

above 1 mM

97.2% residual activity at 40 mM

5 mM, 21% inhibition

slight inhibition

50 mM, 10% inhibition

136100

3.2.1.3

22% inhibition, recombinant enzyme

666842

3.2.1.4

5 mM, weak inhibition

o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside hydrolyzing activity

136936

3.2.1.96

0.5 M, 23% inhibition

measured with lactose as the substrate

724623

3.2.1.B34

endproduct inhibition, inhibition of enzymeactivity was stronger with glucose than galactose

81% residual activity at 2.5 mM

767778

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (277 results)

8.25

pH 7.4, 50°C

0.68

50 mM

9.4

pH 7.0, 25°C, dual specific xylose reductase, cofactor: NADH

145

at pH 6.5 and 40°C

3.23

pH 6.5, 30°C

0.32

10 mM MnCl2, 0.3 mM UDP-galactose

pH 6.3, 70°C, wild-type enzyme

774407

5.1.3.2

0.00026

in McIlvaine buffer (pH 7.5), at 35°C

713793

5.3.1.4

29 entries

K_M Value (466 results)

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1.1.1.118

in the presence of NADP+, in 100 mM triethanolamine/HCl buffer, 20 mM MgCl2, at 70°C

11.1

0.287

strain 89B

140

333

543

aldehyde reductase II

160

50 mM

0.015

pH 7.0, 25°C, dual specific xylose reductase, cofactor: NADH

12.7

pH 7.0, 37°C

6.7

at pH 6.5 and 40°C

764483

2.4.1.389

7.35

pH 6.5, 30°C

392

10 mM MnCl2, 0.3 mM UDP-galactose

707367

2.7.1.1

105

pH 7.0, 50°C

1004

pH 6.3, 70°C, wild-type enzyme

774407

5.1.3.2

26.4

in McIlvaine buffer (pH 7.5), at 35°C

6.5

1.029

pH 8.0, 40°C

746793

K_i Value (55 results)

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2.4.1.231

1000

30°C, pH 6.6

644899

2.4.99.23

0.5

pH and temperature not specified in the publication

366

pH 5.5, 80°C

724623

3.2.1.B28

270

pH 5.5, 80°C

724623

IC₅₀ Value (2 results)

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2.4.1.41

GalNAc-MUC1 binding to biotinylated GalNAc-T4

686971

3.2.1.23

704135

References & Links

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Show Reference (634 entries)

Links to other databases for D-galactopyranose

Ligand D-galactopyranose

Basic Ligand Information

Related pathways

Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (23 results)

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (47 results)

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (191 results)

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (258 results)

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (19 results)

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (92 results)

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

kcat Value (Turnover Number) (277 results)

KM Value (466 results)

Ki Value (55 results)

IC50 Value (2 results)

References & Links

Literature References (634)

Links to other databases for D-galactopyranose

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (277 results)

K_M Value (466 results)

K_i Value (55 results)

IC₅₀ Value (2 results)