Ligand succinic acid

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Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

C₄H₆O₄

succinic acid

KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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Synonyms:

a dicarboxylate, butanedioic acid, dihydrofumarate, reduced fumarate, succinate, succinate buffer

Related pathways

KEGG

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from histidine and purine, Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine, lysine and nicotinic acid, Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway, Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from terpenoid and polyketide

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MetaCyc

(-)-4'-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin biosynthesis, (2-trimethylamino)ethylphosphonate degradation, (3R)-N-[(2S)-1-hydroxy-6-[(3R)-3-isocyanobutanamido]hexan-2-yl]-3-isocyanobutanamide biosynthesis, (5R)-carbapenem carboxylate biosynthesis, (Kdo)2-lipid A biosynthesis (P. putida), (S)-lactate fermentation to propanoate, acetate and hydrogen, 12-epi-fischerindole biosynthesis, 12-epi-hapalindole biosynthesis, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate degradation, 2-aminoethylphosphonate degradation III, 2-methylcitrate cycle I, 2-methylcitrate cycle II, 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-proline biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-L-homotyrosine biosynthesis, 3-hydroxypropanoate cycle, 3-methyl-branched fatty acid alpha-oxidation, 3-oxoadipate degradation, 3-phenylpropanoate and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate degradation to 2-hydroxypentadienoate, 3-[(E)-2-isocyanoethenyl]-1H-indole biosynthesis, 4,4'-disulfanediyldibutanoate degradation, 4-aminobutanoate degradation I, 4-aminobutanoate degradation II, 4-aminobutanoate degradation III, 4-aminobutanoate degradation IV, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate degradation, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation, 4-methylcatechol degradation (ortho cleavage), 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin biosynthesis, 8-O-methylated benzoxazinoid glucoside biosynthesis, acetate formation from acetyl-CoA (succinate), aerobic respiration I (cytochrome c), aerobic respiration II (cytochrome c) (yeast), aerobic respiration III (alternative oxidase pathway), alpha-tomatine biosynthesis, anaerobic energy metabolism (invertebrates, mitochondrial), anditomin biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis (delphinidin 3-O-glucoside), anthocyanin biosynthesis (pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside), apigeninidin 5-O-glucoside biosynthesis, brassicicene C biosynthesis, chrysin biosynthesis, clavulanate biosynthesis, conversion of succinate to propanoate, coumarins biosynthesis (engineered), curacin A biosynthesis, cylindrospermopsin biosynthesis, D-cycloserine biosynthesis, dapdiamides biosynthesis, deacetylcephalosporin C biosynthesis, dehydrophos biosynthesis, DIMBOA-glucoside biosynthesis, domoic acid biosynthesis, esculetin biosynthesis, ethene biosynthesis II (microbes), ethene biosynthesis IV (engineered), flavonoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis (in equisetum), flavonol biosynthesis, FR-900098 and FR-33289 antibiotics biosynthesis, fumitremorgin A biosynthesis, fusicoccin A biosynthesis, GABA shunt I, GABA shunt II, gamma-butyrobetaine degradation II, gibberellin biosynthesis I (non C-3, non C-13 hydroxylation), gibberellin biosynthesis II (early C-3 hydroxylation), gibberellin biosynthesis III (early C-13 hydroxylation), gibberellin biosynthesis V, gibberellin inactivation I (2beta-hydroxylation), glutarate degradation, glycerol-3-phosphate to fumarate electron transfer, glycolate degradation II, glyoxylate cycle, guadinomine B biosynthesis, hapalindole H biosynthesis, hectochlorin biosynthesis, homocysteine and cysteine interconversion, hydrogen to fumarate electron transfer, hydroxylated mugineic acid phytosiderophore biosynthesis, hygromycin B biosynthesis, ibotenate and muscimol biosynthesis, incomplete reductive TCA cycle, isoflavonoid biosynthesis II, itaconate degradation, kainate biosynthesis, kanamycin biosynthesis, ketolysis, L-arginine degradation II (AST pathway), L-aspartate degradation III (anaerobic), L-carnitine biosynthesis, L-lysine biosynthesis I, L-lysine degradation I, L-lysine degradation IV, L-lysine degradation X, L-methionine biosynthesis I, leucodelphinidin biosynthesis, leucopelargonidin and leucocyanidin biosynthesis, luteolin biosynthesis, luteolinidin 5-O-glucoside biosynthesis, m-xylene degradation (anaerobic), mercaptosuccinate degradation, methylaspartate cycle, methylphosphonate degradation III, mixed acid fermentation, morphine biosynthesis, N-methylpyrrolidone degradation, NAD de novo biosynthesis IV (anaerobic), NADH to fumarate electron transfer, neopentalenoketolactone and pentalenate biosynthesis, nevadensin biosynthesis, nicotine degradation I (pyridine pathway), nicotine degradation II (pyrrolidine pathway), oxalate degradation II, oxalate degradation III, paerucumarin biosynthesis, partial TCA cycle (obligate autotrophs), pentalenolactone biosynthesis, pinobanksin biosynthesis, platensimycin biosynthesis, polymethylated quercetin glucoside biosynthesis I - quercetin series (Chrysosplenium), polymethylated quercetin glucoside biosynthesis II - quercetagetin series (Chrysosplenium), proanthocyanidins biosynthesis from flavanols, procollagen hydroxylation and glycosylation, pyruvate fermentation to acetate V, pyruvate fermentation to acetate VI, pyruvate fermentation to propanoate I, quinolinone B biosynthesis, reductive TCA cycle I, reductive TCA cycle II, rhabduscin biosynthesis, rutin biosynthesis, scopoletin biosynthesis, solasodine and soladulcidine biosynthesis, stipitatate biosynthesis, succinate fermentation to butanoate, succinate to chytochrome c oxidase via cytochrome c6, succinate to cytochrome bd oxidase electron transfer, succinate to cytochrome bo oxidase electron transfer, succinate to cytochrome c oxidase via plastocyanin, succinate to plastoquinol oxidase, sulfazecin biosynthesis, superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation, superpathway of hyoscyamine (atropine) and scopolamine biosynthesis, superpathway of scopolin and esculin biosynthesis, syringetin biosynthesis, taurine degradation IV, TCA cycle I (prokaryotic), TCA cycle II (plants and fungi), TCA cycle III (animals), TCA cycle IV (2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase), TCA cycle V (2-oxoglutarate synthase), TCA cycle VI (Helicobacter), TCA cycle VII (acetate-producers), TCA cycle VIII (Chlamydia), toluene degradation to benzoyl-CoA (anaerobic), tropane alkaloids biosynthesis, umbelliferone biosynthesis, UMP biosynthesis II, validamycin biosynthesis, vindoline, vindorosine and vinblastine biosynthesis, viridicatin biosynthesis

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Show all BRENDA pathways known for succinic acid

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (34 results)

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1.3.1.6

3 entries

1.3.2.4

succinate + 2 ferricytochrome c = fumarate + 2 ferrocytochrome c

766246, 696425, 766026, 766141

1.3.5.1

9 entries

2.8.3.1

propionyl-CoA + succinate = propanoate + succinoyl-CoA

738980

2.8.3.11

succinate + (S)-(+)-citramalyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA + citramalate

propanoyl-CoA + succinate = propanoate + succinyl-CoA

succinate + menaquinone + 2 H+[side 1] = fumarate + menaquinol + 2 H+[side 2]

707470, 764193, 764191, 763727

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (437 results)

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1.13.12.19

3 2-oxoglutarate + L-arginine + 3 O2 = 2 C2H4 + succinate + 7 CO2 + 3 H2O + guanidine + L-DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

1.14.11.1

4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.10

2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = uracil + deoxyribonolactone + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.11

24 entries

1.14.11.12

gibberellin 44 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin 19 + succinate + CO2

taurine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = sulfite + aminoacetaldehyde + succinate + CO2

6EDH, 3D-view

1.14.11.18

phytanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.2

5 entries

1.14.11.20

deacetoxyvindoline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = deacetylvindoline + succinate + CO2

L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2

hypoxia-inducible factor-L-asparagine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = hypoxia-inducible factor-(3S)-3-hydroxy-L-asparagine + succinate + CO2

kanamycin B + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2'-dehydrokanamycin A + succinate + NH3 + CO2

1.14.11.38

2 entries

1.14.11.39

L-asparagine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (2S,3S)-3-hydroxyasparagine + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.4

8 entries

1.14.11.40

L-enduracididine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-enduracididine + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.41

8 entries

1.14.11.42

7-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)wyosine37 in tRNAPhe + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 7-(2-hydroxy-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)wyosine37 in tRNAPhe + succinate + CO2

(2-aminoethyl)phosphonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phosphonate + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.47

[50S ribosomal protein L16]-L-Arg81 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = [50S ribosomal protein L16]-(3R)-3-hydroxy-L-Arg81 + succinate + CO2

6F4O, 3D-view

1.14.11.48

xanthine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = urate + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.49

UMP + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5'-dehydrouridine + succinate + CO2 + phosphate

1.14.11.51

N6-methyladenine in DNA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = adenine in DNA + formaldehyde + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.52

validamycin A + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = validamycin B + succinate + CO2

L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.57

L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.6

4 entries

1.14.11.60

scopoletin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = fraxetin + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.61

trans-feruloyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = trans-6-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.62

2 entries

1.14.11.63

a [protein]-L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a [protein]-(3S)-3-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2

methylphosphonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = hydroxymethylphosphonate + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.72

[2-(trimethylamino)ethyl]phosphonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = [(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(trimethylamino)ethyl]phosphonate + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.73

[protein]-L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = [protein]-(3R)-3-hydroxy-L-arginine + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.74

L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (3S)-3'-hydroxy-L-isoleucine + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.75

(3S)-3'-hydroxy-L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (3S,4R)-3',4-dihydroxy-L-isoleucine + succinate + CO2

S-(L-glutamyl)-[peptidyl-carrier protein of nonribosomal peptide synthetase KtzH] + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = S-(erythro-3-hydroxy-L-glutamyl)-[peptidyl-carrier-protein of nonribosomal peptide synthetase KtzH] + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.B16

2 entries

1.14.11.B17

S-(L-glutamyl)-[peptidyl-carrier protein of nonribosomal peptide synthetase KtzH] + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = S-(threo-3-hydroxy-L-glutamyl)-[peptidyl-carrier-protein of nonribosomal peptide synthetase KtzH] + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.B18

isoliquiritigenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = butein + succinate + CO2

(2S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isocyanopropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 4-[(E)-2-isocyanoethenyl]phenol + succinate + 2 CO2 + H2O

1.14.20.11

(2S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-isocyanopropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-[(Z)-2-isocyanoethenyl]-1H-indole + succinate + 2 CO2 + H2O

1.14.20.12

(2S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-isocyanopropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-[(E)-2-isocyanoethenyl]-1H-indole + succinate + 2 CO2 + H2O

4alpha,5beta-5,20-epoxytax-11-ene-4,9-diol + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 4-hydroxy-4alpha,5beta-5,20-epoxytax-11-en-9-one + succinate + CO2 + H2O

(-)-yatein + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin + succinate + CO2 + H2O

7E38, 3D-view

1.14.20.9

(2S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isocyanopropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isocyanoprop-2-enoate + succinate + CO2 + H2O

succinate semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O = succinate + NADH + H+

fumarate + CoM + CoB = succinate + CoM-S-S-CoB

succinyl-CoA + 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate = succinate + 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

643832, 643833, 643834

2.8.3.15

succinyl-CoA + (R)-2-benzylsuccinate = succinate + (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA

2.8.3.18

succinyl-CoA + acetate = acetyl-CoA + succinate

2.8.3.2

succinyl-CoA + oxalate = succinate + oxalyl-CoA

645964

2.8.3.20

succinyl-CoA + (R)-citramalate = succinate + (R)-citramalyl-CoA

2.8.3.22

succinyl-CoA + (S)-malate = succinate + (S)-malyl-CoA

2.8.3.26

mesaconate + succinyl-CoA = 2-methylfumaryl-CoA + succinate

succinamic acid + H2O = succinic acid + NH3

209109

3.5.5.1

succinonitrile + 2 H2O = succinic acid + NH3

fumarate + menaquinol + 2 H+[side 2] = succinate + menaquinone + 2 H+[side 1]

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (123 results)

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1.1.1.48

succinate + NAD(P)+ = succinic acid anhydride + NAD(P)H

5093

1.1.99.14

succinate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol = ?

succinate + O2 = ?

methane + succinate + O2 = methanol + fumarate + H2O

745389

1.2.1.21

succinate + NADH = succinic semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O

succinate + acetyl-CoA = acetate + succinyl-CoA

1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol + succinic acid = ?

succinate = ?

Dihydrofumarate = Tartronate semialdehyde + CO2

ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA

ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA

853, 856, 855

6.2.1.B11

ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA

651712

6.3.2.46

ATP + succinate + (2S)-2,3-diaminopropionate = ?

729202

7.1.1.12

succinate + menaquinone + 2 H+[side 1] = fumarate + menaquinol + 2 H+[side 2]

707470, 764193, 764191, 763727

7.1.1.2

succinate + O2 + NAD+ = NADH + ?

691058

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (1314 results)

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1.12.99.6

H2 + fumarate = succinate

1.13.12.19

3 2-oxoglutarate + L-arginine + 3 O2 = 2 C2H4 + succinate + 7 CO2 + 3 H2O + guanidine + L-DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

gibberellin 44 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin 19 + succinate + CO2

(+/-)-1-deoxypentalenic acid + O2 = 11beta-hydroxy-1-deoxypentalenic acid + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.36

pentalenolactone D + 2 2-oxoglutarate = pentalenolactone F + 2 succinate + 2 CO2 + H2O

1.14.11.37

kanamycin B + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2'-dehydrokanamycin A + succinate + NH3 + CO2

1.14.11.38

2 entries

1.14.11.39

L-asparagine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (2S,3S)-3-hydroxyasparagine + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.4

17 entries

1.14.11.40

L-enduracididine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-enduracididine + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.41

24 entries

1.14.11.42

7-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)wyosine37 in tRNAPhe + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 7-(2-hydroxy-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)wyosine37 in tRNAPhe + succinate + CO2

(2-aminoethyl)phosphonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phosphonate + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.47

7 entries

1.14.11.48

xanthine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = urate + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.49

UMP + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5'-dehydrouridine + succinate + CO2 + phosphate

1.14.11.51

N6-methyladenine in DNA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = adenine in DNA + formaldehyde + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.52

validamycin A + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = validamycin B + succinate + CO2

L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.58

an ornithine lipid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 2-hydroxyornithine lipid + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.59

(2R)-4-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (2R)-4,7-dihydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside + succinate + CO2 + H2O

glutarate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinate + CO2

methylphosphonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = hydroxymethylphosphonate + succinate + CO2

(3S)-3'-hydroxy-L-isoleucine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (3S,4R)-3',4-dihydroxy-L-isoleucine + succinate + CO2

1.14.11.76

L-glutamate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (3R)-3-hydroxy-L-glutamate + succinate + CO2

isoliquiritigenin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = butein + succinate + CO2

(2S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isocyanopropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 4-[(E)-2-isocyanoethenyl]phenol + succinate + 2 CO2 + H2O

1.14.20.11

(2S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-isocyanopropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-[(Z)-2-isocyanoethenyl]-1H-indole + succinate + 2 CO2 + H2O

1.14.20.12

(2S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-isocyanopropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-[(E)-2-isocyanoethenyl]-1H-indole + succinate + 2 CO2 + H2O

4alpha,5beta-5,20-epoxytax-11-ene-4,9-diol + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 4-hydroxy-4alpha,5beta-5,20-epoxytax-11-en-9-one + succinate + CO2 + H2O

(2S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isocyanopropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-isocyanoprop-2-enoate + succinate + CO2 + H2O

1.14.20.B3

6,8beta-dimethyl-6,7-didehydroergolin-6-ium + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = 6,8alpha-dimethyl-10beta-6,7-didehydro-8,10-cycloergolin-6-ium + succinate + CO2 + H2O

succinate semialdehyde + H2O + O2 = succinate + H2O2

1.2.1.16

8 entries

1.2.1.19

succinate semialdehyde + NAD+ = succinate + NADH + H+

succinate semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O = succinate + NADH + H+

1.2.1.3

succinic semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O = succinate + NADH

succinic semialdehyde + H2O + oxidized benzyl viologen = succinic acid + H+ + reduced benzyl viologen

fumarate + CoM + CoB = succinate + CoM-S-S-CoB

butyrate-4-nitronate + O2 = succinate + nitrite + H2O2

2.3.1.315

3 entries

2.5.1.160

O-succinyl-L-homoserine + L-cysteine = L-cystathionine + succinate

2.5.1.48

12 entries

2.5.1.49

O-succinyl-L-homoserine + H2S = L-homocysteine + succinate

2.5.1.51

O-succinyl-L-serine + pyrazole = 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine + succinate

2.5.1.52

O-succinyl-L-serine + 3,4-dihydroxypyridine = 3-(3,4-dihydroxypyridin-1-yl)-L-alanine + succinate

succinyl-CoA + oxalate = succinate + oxalyl-CoA

645963, 645959, -

2.8.3.18

12 entries

2.8.3.2

succinyl-CoA + oxalate = succinate + oxalyl-CoA

acetate + succinyl-CoA = succinate + acetyl-CoA

3.1.1.101

polyesters poly(butylene succinate) + H2O = succinic acid + 1,4-butanediol + ?

3.1.1.47

1-hexadecyl-2-succinyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-hexadecyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine + succinate

80946, 80955, 80948

3.1.1.7

succinyldicholine + H2O = 2 choline + succinate

succinyl-CoA = succinate + CoA

3.1.2.13

S-succinylglutathione + H2O = glutathione + succinate

80994, -

3.1.2.2

succinyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + succinate

3.1.2.20

succinyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + succinate

3.1.2.3

succinyl CoA + H2O = CoA + succinate

81013, -

3.1.2.6

S-succinylglutathione + H2O = succinate + glutathione

3.5.1.1

2 entries

3.5.1.131

succinamic acid + H2O = succinic acid + NH3

succinamic acid + H2O = succinate + NH3

N-succinyl-L-glutamate + H2O = succinate + L-glutamate

3.5.5.1

3 entries

3.5.5.5

succinonitrile + H2O = succinic acid + NH3

4-ketopimelate + H2O = succinate + propanoate

O-succinyl-L-homoserine + H2O = 2-oxobutyrate + succinate + NH3

6.2.1.13

ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA = ATP + succinate + CoA

Enzyme Cofactor/Cosubstrate (1 result)

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1.14.18.3

electron donor, membrane-bound enzyme

438927

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (44 results)

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1.1.1.30

induces the enzyme when contained in the growth medium

strong, bundle sheath isoform

656622

1.10.3.11

in whole mitochondria, succinate (in the presence of malonate) stimulates respiration via alternative oxidase in a pH- (and NAD+)-dependent manner

supports 1alpha-hydroxylation as electron donor

440101, 440110, 440106, 440118

1.3.5.1

activation

391082, 391087

1.4.1.14

50 mM, stimulates activity by 57%

391479

1.4.7.1

up to 50% increase in activity

500 mM, 6fold activation of unprimed starch synthesis

activity is enhanced in presence of CoA and ATP

645951

3.1.2.2

stimulates the mitochondrial-matrix enzyme activity

80783

3.1.2.20

stimulates the mitochondrial-matrix enzyme activity

stimulates

stimulates, antagonist of carbonyl cyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone

5 mM, relative activity 103%

32148

3.6.1.11

activates PPX1, activation is inhibited KCN

slight activation of decarboxylation

activates

5166, 5168, 5169, 5170

5.6.1.2

2fold activation, maximum between 0.5 and 0.7 M

247027

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (188 results)

at pH 9.9

10 mM, 12% inhibition

286534

1.1.1.37

slight inhibition of reduction of oxaloacetate

656320

1.1.1.38

0.005 mM, slight inhibition

isozymes ICDH2 and ICDH1

656616

5KVU, 3D-view

1.1.1.76

slight inhibition at 5 mM

complete inhibition at 1 mM

713239

1.13.12.2

52% inhibition at 5 mM

product inhibition, competitive vs. 2-oxoglutarate, noncompetitive vs. desacetoxyvindoline

2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

competitive inhibition

724114

1.2.3.5

glyoxylate oxidase activity is repressed 10.7fold in the presence of succinate; glyoxylate oxidase activity is repressed 4.8fold in the presence of succinate

the presence of acetate and succinate in the growth medium results in a 50% reduction in inducible GCV enzyme activity

759421

1.4.1.3

5 mM, complete inhibition of NADH-linked activity

391609

1.4.1.4

competitive inhibitor with 2 oxoglutarate, uncompetitive with NADPH and non-competitive with ammonia

391664

1.4.3.1

at 6.67 mM 66% inhibition

391727

1.4.3.3

90.7% residual activity at 1 mM

slight inhibition at 1 mM

noncompetitive with respect to taurine and pyruvate

uncompetitive inhibitor, in the presence of low levels of proline in vivo, higher levels of succinate can act to inhibit PRODH/POX activity and reactive oxygena species generation. The affinity of succinate is for the enzyme-substrate complex of PRODH/POX and proline rather than for the enzyme binding site for proline. Succinate protects electron transport chain component proteins from PRODH/POX reactive oxygen species-mediated downregulation with almost the same efficacy as 3,4-dehydro-L-proline and N-acetyl-L-cysteine

inhibition in decreasing order: fumarate, succinate, citrate, acetate

2 mM, 21% inhibition

competitive inhibition of 21%

12 mM, 18% inhibition at pH 7.1, no inhibition at pH 8.3

feedback inhibition

competitive inhibition of the product

643832, 643833

2.8.3.18

weak competitive inhibition

reversible inhibitory effect

94359

3.1.22.1

activity less than 3% of that in acetate buffer at pH 5.0

competitive

41% residual activity at 20 mM

enzyme from mesenteric lymph nodes

competitive inhibitor

strong inhibition, 8 mM: 77% of activity compared to H2O

209218

3.5.3.12

at concentration of 0.1 g/l and 1 g/l only about 2% less putrescine production

18 mM

55% inhibition at 0.5 mM

competitive

4293, 4311, 4314, 4341

above 5.0 mM, weak

10 mM, 28% inhibition

activity is downregulated 10fold

noncompetitive

competitive

40 mM, 42% inhibition

5 mM, 9% inhibition

50% inhibition at 210 mM

non-competitive

3D Structure of Enzyme-Ligand-Complex (PDB) (776 results)

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (48 results)

3.8

pH 8.0, 22°C

729202

K_M Value (107 results)

0.16

2.3

pH 6.7, 25°C

pH 8.0, 22°C

K_i Value (51 results)

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1.1.3.15

competitive, glycolate oxidation

0.8

competitive inhibition with respect to 2-oxoglutarate and noncompetitive with respect to Fe2+ and the peptide substrate

pH 7.0, 20°C

at pH 7.0

159

pH 8.0, 25°C, aspartokinase III

642329

2.8.3.13

1.5

pH 8.5, 30°C

643832

2.8.3.18

150

pH 8.0, 30°C

6.3

competitive, 30°C, pH 8.5

pH 5.8, 37°C

pH 6.0, 25°C

1.8

47.3

pH 8.4, 30°C

764093

6.3.4.4

3 entries

IC₅₀ Value (12 results)

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1.14.11.53

0.03

pH 7.2, 21°C

0.00062

pH 7.5, 37°C

in 50 mM MOPS buffer, pH 7.5, with 1 mM MgCl2, 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and 2.7 mM O-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside

References & Links

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Show Reference (803 entries)

Links to other databases for succinic acid

Ligand succinic acid

Basic Ligand Information

Related pathways

Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (34 results)

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (437 results)

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (123 results)

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (1314 results)

Enzyme Cofactor/Cosubstrate (1 result)

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (44 results)

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (188 results)

3D Structure of Enzyme-Ligand-Complex (PDB) (776 results)

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

kcat Value (Turnover Number) (48 results)

KM Value (107 results)

Ki Value (51 results)

IC50 Value (12 results)

References & Links

Literature References (803)

Links to other databases for succinic acid

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (48 results)

K_M Value (107 results)

K_i Value (51 results)

IC₅₀ Value (12 results)