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Ligand dithioerythritol

Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (1 result)

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Show Natural Substrate (1 entry)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

2.8.1.5

thiosulfate + 2 dithioerythritol = sulfite + dithioerythritol disulfide + sulfide

645578, 645575, 645577

-

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (19 results)

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Show Substrate (19 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.17.4.2

ribonucleoside triphosphate + dithioerythritol = 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate + ? + H2O

437895, 437893, 437892

-

1.21.4.3

N-methylglycine + phosphate + dithioerythritol = acetyl phosphate + methylamine + dithioerythritol disulfide

636280

-

1.21.4.4

N,N,N-trimethylglycine + dithioerythritol = ?

636280

-

1.8.3.2

dithioerythritol + O2 = ? + H2O

393041, 393052

-

1.8.4.12

dabsyl-L-methionine (R)-sulfoxide + 1,4-dithioerythritol = dabsyl-L-methionine + 1,4-dithioerythritol disulfide + H2O

710848

-

1.8.4.12

L-methionine-(R)-S-oxide + dithioerythritol = L-methionine + dithioerythritol disulfide + H2O

670593

-

1.8.4.9

3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + dithioerythritol = ?

687585

-

1.8.4.9

5'-adenylylsulfate + dithioerythritol = adenosine 5'-monophosphate + sulfite + oxidized dithioerythritol

288644, 288642

-

1.8.99.2

5'-adenylylsulfate + dithioerythritol = adenosine 5'-monophosphate + sulfite + oxidized dithioerythritol

688650

-

1.8.99.2

adenylyl sulfate + dithioerythritol = AMP + sulfite + ?

660167, 393953, 393948, 288642

-

1.8.99.2

adenylyl sulfate + dithioerythritol = AMP + sulfite + oxidized dithioerythritol

694712

-

2.8.1.5

thiosulfate + 2 dithioerythritol = sulfite + dithioerythritol disulfide + sulfide

645578, 645575, 645577

-

2.8.1.5

cyanate + dithioerythritol = ?

645575

-

2.8.1.5

KCN + dithioerythritol = ?

645575

-

1.8.4.12

2 entries

1.8.4.9

2 entries

1.8.99.2

3 entries

2.8.1.5

3 entries

2.8.2.16

3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate + dithioerythritol = ?

645742, 645743

-

2.8.2.B1

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + dithioerythritol = ?

676678, 676679, 671633, 676684

-

2.8.2.B1

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + dithioerythritol = AMP + ?

671906, 676684

-

2.8.2.B1

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + dithioerythritol = sulfite + ?

289091

-

2.8.2.B1

3 entries

4.2.1.22

L-Cysteine + dithioerythritol = ?

5597

-

Enzyme Cofactor/Cosubstrate (7 results)

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Show Cofactor (7 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.21.99.3

5-20 mM, can be substituted by dithiothreititol

644806

-

1.21.99.3

5-20 mM, can be substituted by dithiothreitol

644806

-

1.21.99.3

cofactor, influences the kinetic parameters

639397

-

1.21.99.3

i.e. DTE

639397

-

1.21.99.4

-

644806, 713763, 713764, 714894

-

1.21.99.4

can be substituted by dithiothreitol, isozyme type II, 5-20 mM, isozyme type I, 2-5 mM

644806

-

1.21.99.3

4 entries

1.21.99.4

2 entries

1.8.4.12

DTE

670593

-

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (40 results)

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Show Activating Compound (40 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.6

1 mM, slight activation

636292

-

1.17.1.4

recovery from oxidase to dehydrogenase type

644582

-

1.17.4.1

0.5 mM, maximal activation, 94% of activity with dithiothreitol

437977

-

1.17.4.4

equally effective as DTT

287708

-

1.2.1.12

10 mM, 2fold activation of the oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

287979

-

1.2.1.12

highest activation at 1 mM

742326

-

1.2.1.12

2 entries

1.21.3.1

absolutely required, highly stimulating

440316

-

1.21.4.3

can serve as artificial electron donor

636280

-

1.3.3.11

-

677952

-

1.4.1.1

activates

349545

-

2.1.1.150

10-20 mM, up to 39% inhibition

389479

-

2.1.1.45

-

485402

1kzi, 3D-view

2.3.1.69

required for maximal activity

487396

-

2.3.3.10

5 mM, activates

657850

-

2.4.1.159

slight stimulation

488625

-

2.4.1.202

5 mM, stimulation of 96%

637794

-

2.4.1.234

10 mM, activates

489559

-

2.4.1.298

-

720319

-

2.4.1.91

1 mM, activation to 124%

488625

-

2.4.1.91

10 mM, activation to 215%

489559

-

2.4.1.91

2 entries

2.4.2.25

stimulates enzyme activity up to 35%, optimum concentration: 6 mM

637786

-

2.4.2.35

slight stimulation

488625

-

2.5.1.10

-

638695

-

2.7.1.25

2 mM, 200% activation

641213

-

2.7.7.23

highly stimulating

643059, 643061

-

2.8.1.1

maximal activation at 0.005 mM, inhibition above

645517

-

3.1.3.11

in combination wit Mg2+

652288

-

3.1.8.1

20% activation at 1 mM

664771

-

3.2.1.21

1 mM, slight activation

655773

-

3.2.1.52

presence decreases extent of inactivation by Hg2+, Ag2+, thimerosal or p-hydroxymercuribenzoate

393670

-

3.4.14.1

5 mM, activates

36145

-

3.4.14.1

SH compound required, efficient activator at 25 mM

36141

-

3.4.14.1

2 entries

3.4.22.16

activates, synergistic with EDTA

638838

-

3.5.1.14

with palmitoylaspartate as substrate

288855

-

3.5.1.30

effectively reverses heavy metal inactivation

172031

-

3.5.1.92

1-13 mM, activates

659857

-

4.1.3.1

increase of activity

33153

-

4.1.3.46

4 mM, enhances the enzyme activity about threefold. The addition of both 4 mM dithioerythritol and 4 mM Mn2+ enhances the enzyme activity approximately 10fold compared to the results of an assay lacking dithioerythritol and Mn2+

680485

-

4.2.3.12

increased catalytic activity with 10 mM

648565, 648566, 648564

-

7.2.2.9

GSH, dithiothreitol or dithioerythritol are required for activity

246916

-

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (49 results)

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Show Inhibitors (49 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.1

competitive

285653

-

1.1.1.14

protection at low concentration, inhibition at high concentration, 100 mM

285873

-

1.1.1.255

1.09 mM, 50% inhibition, partially reversed by diamide

286404

-

1.1.1.6

10 mM

636292

-

1.1.7.1

-

288499

-

1.11.1.11

37% inhibition at 3 mM

713299

-

1.11.1.11

67% inhibition at 0.05 mM

439868

-

1.11.1.11

2 entries

1.11.1.B8

-

672311

-

1.13.11.26

2 mM, total activity loss

439517

-

1.14.14.18

binding structure, overview

715169

-

1.14.14.18

shows high-affinity binding, structure, overview

715169

-

1.14.14.18

2 entries

1.14.18.1

0.05 mM, 82% inhibition of catechol oxidation, 95% inhibition of pyrogallol oxidation and 62% inhibition of dopa oxidation

636373

-

1.21.3.3

50% inhibition at 4 mM

393874

-

1.3.8.13

6.6 mM, 85% inhibition

739868

-

1.5.3.16

up to 0.010 mM increase the enzyme activity, higher concentrations inhibited it

690790

-

1.5.3.17

up to 0.010 mM increase the enzyme activity, higher concentrations inhibit

690790

-

1.7.1.10

-

659405

-

1.7.1.15

52% inhibition at 2 mM

721456

-

2.3.1.90

above 20 mM

487707

-

2.3.1.91

-

487708

-

2.4.1.237

10 mM, 13% inhibition

489566

-

2.4.1.237

10 mM, 50% inhibition

489572

-

2.4.1.237

2 entries

2.4.1.249

10 mM, 83% activity retains

694767

-

2.4.1.91

-

489566, 489572

-

2.4.3.3

-

636799

-

2.7.7.53

-

643507

-

2.8.1.1

-

645502

-

2.8.1.1

maximal activation at 0.005 mM, inhibition above

645517

-

2.8.1.1

2 entries

2.8.2.B1

-

289091

-

3.1.1.26

13% inhibition with 13 mM

94297

-

3.1.1.47

-

80942

-

3.1.1.75

complete inhibition of P(3HV) depolymerase at 4 mM, reversible by dithionitrobenzene

208342

-

3.1.1.75

-

729044

-

3.1.1.75

2 entries

3.1.4.12

-

135149

-

3.2.1.52

concentration of 2.5 mM decreases activity of the 3 enzyme forms in colonic mucosa by 20% at pH 4.2 and by 25% at pH 7.0, similar results with the 2 forms from colon tumors

393670

-

3.4.11.9

-

36042

-

3.4.14.4

-

699225

-

3.4.23.5

-

36920

-

3.4.24.18

-

31018

-

4.1.1.87

formation of a catalytically inactive SH-enzyme from the catalytically active acetyl-S-enzyme

686490

-

4.1.1.88

formation of a catalytically inactive SH-enzyme from the catalytically active acetyl-S-enzyme

686490

-

4.1.99.5

5 mM, complete inhibition

648395

-

4.2.1.49

-

5757

-

4.2.1.81

-

648403

-

5.3.1.25

-

2681

-

5.3.1.3

-

2681

-

6.3.1.2

no inhibition of wild type enzyme, inhibits activity of D56A and D56E mutant enzymes

655406

-

6.3.2.2

-

1149

-

7.6.2.3

-

747605

-

3D Structure of Enzyme-Ligand-Complex (PDB) (38 results)

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Show 3D Structure of Enzyme-Ligand-Complex (PDB) (38 entries)

EC NUMBER

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.11.1.15

2xpd, 3D-view

1.11.1.15

3sbc, 3D-view

1.11.1.15

2xpd, 3D-view

1.11.1.15

3sbc, 3D-view

1.11.1.15

2xpd, 3D-view

1.11.1.15

3sbc, 3D-view

1.11.1.15

2xpd, 3D-view

1.11.1.15

3sbc, 3D-view

1.11.1.15

8 entries

1.14.99.3

3i9u, 3D-view

1.2.1.3

1o9j, 3D-view

1.3.99.11

3c61, 3D-view

1.5.1.33

2yhi, 3D-view

1.5.1.33

4cm3, 3D-view

1.5.1.33

2yhi, 3D-view

1.5.1.33

4cm3, 3D-view

1.5.1.33

2yhi, 3D-view

1.5.1.33

4cm3, 3D-view

1.5.1.33

2yhi, 3D-view

1.5.1.33

4cm3, 3D-view

1.5.1.33

8 entries

1.8.1.9

3zzx, 3D-view

2.1.1.292

4wxh, 3D-view

2.1.1.45

1kzi, 3D-view

2.5.1.9

1w19, 3D-view

2.5.1.9

2c92, 3D-view

2.5.1.9

1w19, 3D-view

2.5.1.9

2c92, 3D-view

2.5.1.9

1w19, 3D-view

2.5.1.9

2c92, 3D-view

2.5.1.9

1w19, 3D-view

2.5.1.9

2c92, 3D-view

2.5.1.9

8 entries

2.7.1.21

1w4r, 3D-view

2.7.11.1

4g0n, 3D-view

2.7.11.22

3qhw, 3D-view

2.7.2.8

2wxb, 3D-view

2.7.7.9

3gue, 3D-view

3.2.1.40

6gsz, 3D-view

3.6.3.24

3mvx, 3D-view

4.2.1.40

4g8t, 3D-view

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

K_M Value (7 results)

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Show KM Value (7 entries)

EC NUMBER

KM VALUE [MM]

KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.21.4.3

11

-

pH 7.7, 37°C

636280

1.21.4.4

7.5

-

pH 7.7, 30°C

636280

2.8.1.5

1.54

-

pH 9, 37°C, with thiosulfate as second substrate, isoenzyme TSR II

645575

2.8.1.5

3.1

-

pH 9, 37°C, with thiosulfate as second substrate, isoenzyme TSR I

645575

2.8.2.B1

0.6

-

-

676679

2.8.2.B1

1.5

-

-

676684

2.8.2.B1

1.5

-

pH 9.5, 25°C

676684

2.8.1.5

2 entries

2.8.2.B1

3 entries

IC₅₀ Value (2 results)

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Show IC50 Value (2 entries)

EC NUMBER

IC50 VALUE

IC50 VALUE MAXIMUM

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.14.14.18

0.017

-

isozyme HO-1, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication

715169

1.14.14.18

1.2

-

isozyme HO-2, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication

715169

1.14.14.18

2 entries

References & Links

Literature References (112)

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Show Reference (112 entries)

BRENDA REFERENCE ID

PUBMED ID

TITLE

YEAR

AUTHORS

JOURNAL

VOLUME

PAGES

1149

24202107

gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase in higher plants: catalytic properties and subcellular localization

1990

Hell, R.; Bergmann, L.

Planta

180

603-612

2681

5796753

Competitive inhibition of an L-fucose isomerase activity by dithiothreitol

1969

Oliver, E.J.; Mortlock, R.P.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

36

24-29

5597

1740180

Biochemical characterization of the enzyme responsible for activated L-serine sulphydrase" activity in nematodes

1992

Walker, J.; Barrett, J.

Exp. Parasitol.

74

205-215

5757

27186

Thioglycolate, competitive inhibitor of urocanase

1978

Hug, D.H.; O'Donnell, P.S.; Hunter, J.K.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

81

1435-1442

31018

7041888

Purification and characterization of a metallo-endoproteinase from mouse kidney

1981

Beynon, R.J.; Shannon, J.D.; Bond, J.S.

Biochem. J.

199

591-598

33153

-

Purification and properties of isocitrate lyase from Candida brassicae E-17

1989

Nakamura, K.; Amano, Y.; Nakadate, M.; Kagami, M.

J. Ferment. Bioeng.

67

153-157

36042

3338571

Enzymic properties of intestinal aminopeptidase P: a new continuous assay

1988

Lasch, J.; Koelsch, R.; Steinmetzer, T.; Neumann, U.; Demuth, H.U.

FEBS Lett.

227

171-174

36141

5026312

Properties of cathepsin C from rat liver

1972

Huang, F.L.; Tappel, A.L.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

268

527-538

36145

8443565

Dipeptidyl peptidase I from goat brain: purification, characterization and its action on Leu-enkephalin

1993

Pal, S.; Raghav, N.; Kamboj, R.C.; Singh, H.

Neurochem. Int.

22

59-68

36920

-

Cathepsins

1970

Mycek, M.J.

Methods Enzymol.

9

285-315

80942

8440681

The platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase from human erythrocytes. Purification and properties

1993

Stafforini, D.M.; Rollins, E.N.; Prescott, S.M.; McIntyre, T.M.

J. Biol. Chem.

268

3857-3865

94297

5784904

Purification and properties of galactolipase

1969

Helmsing, P.J.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

178

519-533

135149

2825797

Acid sphingomyelinase from human urine: purification and characterization

1987

Quintern, L.E.; Weitz, G.; Nehrkorn, H.; Tager, J.M.; Schram, A.W.; Sandhoff, K.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

922

323-336

172031

5432799

delta-Aminovaleramidase of Pseudomonas putida

1970

Reitz, M.S.; Rodwell, V.W.

J. Biol. Chem.

245

3091-3096

208342

-

Purification and properties of poly(3-hydroxyvaleric acid) depolymerase from Pseudomonas lemoignei

1993

Muller, B.; Jendrossek, D.

Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

37-8

487-492

246916

10398756

Characterization of a P-type copper-stimulated ATPase from mouse liver

1999

Takeda, K.; Ushimaru, M.; Fukushima, Y.; Kawamura, M.

J. Membr. Biol.

170

13-16

285653

10425719

Metal binding properties of thiols: complexes with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase

1999

Langeland, B.T.; Morris, D.L.; McKinley-McKee, J.S.

Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B

123

155-162

285873

7032910

Properties of sorbitol dehydrogenase and characterization of a reactive cysteine residue reveal unexpected similarities to alcohol dehydrogenases

1981

Jeffery, J.; Cummins, L.; Carlquist, M.; Jörnvall, H.

Eur. J. Biochem.

120

229-234

286404

-

Characterization of NAD-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase from celery as affected by ions, chelators, reducing agents and metabolites

1998

Stoop, J.M.H.; Williamson, J.D.; Conkling, M.A.; MacKay, J.J.; Pharr, D.M.

Plant Sci.

131

43-51

287708

6733086

Metabolism of vitamin K and vitamin K 2,3-epoxide via interaction with a common disulfide

1984

Lee, J.J.; Fasco, M.J.

Biochemistry

23

2246-2252

287979

4313838

Glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase from liver. I. Isolation and characterization of the bovine liver enzyme

1970

Heinz, F.; Kulbe, K.D.

Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem.

351

249-262

288499

2753161

Reductive dehydroxylation of 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA to benzoyl-CoA in a denitrifying, phenol-degrading Pseudomonas species

1989

Glockler, R.; Tschech, A.; Fuchs, G.

FEBS Lett.

251

237-240

288642

10082930

Structural and kinetic properties of adenylyl sulfate reductase from Catharanthus roseus cell cultures

1999

Prior, A.; Uhrig, J.F.; Heins, L.; Wiesmann, A.; Lillig, C.H.; Stoltze, C.; Soll, J.; Schwenn, J.D.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1430

25-38

288644

10625629

Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase are identical enzymes

2000

Suter, M.; von Ballmoos, P.; Kopriva, S.; Op den Camp, R.; Schaller, J.; Kuhlemeier, C.; Schurmann, P.; Brunold, C.

J. Biol. Chem.

275

930-936

288855

4644302

Amidohydrolases for N-short and long chain fatty acyl-L-amino acids from Mycobacteria

1972

Matsumoto, J.; Nagai, S.

J. Biochem.

72

269-279

289091

2006905

Purification and properties of adenosine 5'-phosphosulphate sulphotransferase from Euglena

1991

Li, J.; Schiff, J.A.

Biochem. J.

274

355-360

349545

2722749

Purification and properties of L-alanine dehydrogenase of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus E1F1

1989

Caballero, F.J.; Cardenas, J.; Castillo, F.

J. Bacteriol.

171

3205-3210

389479

16667295

Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). I. Induction of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and hydrolytic enzymes in elicitor-treated cell suspension cultures

1990

Dalkin, K.; Edwards, R.; Edington, B.; Dixon, R.A.

Plant Physiol.

92

440-446

393041

3657562

Sulfhydryl oxidase from rat skin

1987

Goldsmith, L.A.

Methods Enzymol.

143

510-515

393052

6251889

Skin sulfhydryl oxidase. Purification and some properties

1980

Takamori, K.; Thorpe, J.M.; Goldsmith, L.A.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

615

309-323

393670

34391

The multiple forms and kinetic properties of the N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidases from colonic tumours and mucosa of rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine

1979

Mian, N.; Herries, D.G.; Cowen, D.M.; Batte, E.A.

Biochem. J.

177

319-330

393874

-

The berberine bridge forming enzyme in tetrahydroprotoberberine synthesis

1984

Steffens, P.; Nagakura, N.; Zenk, M.H.

Tetrahedron Lett.

25

951-952

393948

11553635

Plant adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase is a novel iron-sulfur protein

2001

Kopriva, S.; Buchert, T.; Fritz, G.; Suter, M.; Weber, M.; Benda, R.; Schaller, J.; Feller, U.; Schurmann, P.; Schunemann, V.; Trautwein, A.X.; Kroneck, P.M.; Brunold, C.

J. Biol. Chem.

276

42881-42886

393953

11940598

The presence of an iron-sulfur cluster in adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase separates organisms utilizing adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate and phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate for sulfate assimilation

2002

Kopriva, S.; Buchert, T.; Fritz, G.; Suter, M.; Benda, R.; Schunemann, V.; Koprivova, A.; Schurmann, P.; Trautwein, A.X.; Kroneck, P.M.H.; Brunold, C.

J. Biol. Chem.

277

21786-21791

437892

692388

Ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii

1978

Blakley, R.L.

Methods Enzymol.

51

246-259

437893

6772640

Adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase from the blue-green alga, Anabaena sp. Purification and partial characterization

1980

Gleason, F.K.; Frick, T.D.

J. Biol. Chem.

255

7728-7733

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