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Ligand methylglyoxal

Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

Pathway Source

Pathways

BRENDA

chorismate metabolism, methylglyoxal degradation, threonine metabolism

KEGG

Diabetic cardiomyopathy, Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, Microbial metabolism in diverse environments, Propanoate metabolism, Pyruvate metabolism

MetaCyc

3-dehydroquinate biosynthesis II (archaea), acetone degradation I (to methylglyoxal), detoxification of reactive carbonyls in chloroplasts, L-threonine degradation III (to methylglyoxal), lactate biosynthesis (archaea), methylglyoxal degradation I, methylglyoxal degradation II, methylglyoxal degradation III, methylglyoxal degradation IV, methylglyoxal degradation V, methylglyoxal degradation VI, methylglyoxal degradation VII, methylglyoxal degradation VIII more

Show all BRENDA pathways known for methylglyoxal

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (27 results)

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Show Natural Substrate (27 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.1

methylglyoxal + NADH + H+ = acetol + NAD+

742509

-

1.1.1.283

methylglyoxal + NADH + H+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NAD+

760931

-

1.1.1.283

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NADP+

761212, 741962, 760931

-

1.1.1.283

methylglyoxal + NADPH = lactaldehyde + NADP+

207972, 207973, 207974, 207977, 207971

-

1.1.1.283

3 entries

1.1.1.71

pyruvic aldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+ = ?

735486

-

1.1.1.78

methylglyoxal + NADH = (R)-lactaldehyde + NAD+

207976, 207968, 207975, 137611, 207969

-

1.1.1.78

methylglyoxal + NADPH = lactaldehyde + NADP+

207976

-

1.1.1.78

2 entries

1.2.1.23

methylglyoxal + NAD+ + H2O = pyruvate + NADH + H+

288137, 288148, 742509, 288146, 288144, 288139, 288145, 288142, 288143, 288138, 288140, 288141

-

1.2.1.49

methylglyoxal + NADP+ + H2O = pyruvate + NADPH

655211

-

1.2.1.49

methylglyoxal + NADP+ + H2O = pyruvate + NADPH + H+

288145, 288148, 288256, 288142, 288143, 288140, 288141, 288259, 288146

-

1.2.3.15

2-oxopropanal + H2O + O2 = pyruvate + H2O2

739561

-

1.2.3.15

methylglyoxal + H2O + O2 = methylglyoxylate + H2O2

739130

-

2.2.1.11

2-oxopropanal + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1-deoxy-D-threo-hexo-2,5-diulose 6-phosphate

756264

-

2.2.1.11

methylglyoxal + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1-deoxy-D-threo-hexo-2,5-diulose 6-phosphate

718841

-

2.2.1.11

methylglyoxal + D-fructose 1-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde + 1-deoxy-D-threo-hexo-2,5-diulose 6-phosphate

718841

-

1.2.1.49

2 entries

1.2.3.15

2 entries

2.2.1.11

3 entries

3.5.1.124

methylglyoxal + H2O = (R)-lactate

755138

-

4.2.1.130

2-oxopropanal + H2O = (R)-lactate

740433, 714075, 740429, 716271

-

4.2.1.130

methylglyoxal + H2O = (R)-lactate

713609, 715449, 729499, 755042, 753645, 753036, 716271

-

4.4.1.5

trypanothione + 2 methylglyoxal = 5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione

729176

-

4.4.1.5

glutathione + methylglyoxal = (R)-S-lactoylglutathione

729179, 729177, 729176, 729369, 729392, 730617

-

4.4.1.5

glutathione + methylglyoxal = ?

37417, 37452

-

4.4.1.5

glutathionylspermidine + methylglyoxal = ?

692049

-

4.4.1.5

methylglyoxal + glutathione = (R)-S-lactoylglutathione

710359, 707602, 709654, 709820, 710151, 710567, 707439, 710003, 692048, 692050, 692049

-

4.4.1.5

methylglyoxal + glutathione = (R)S-lactoylglutathione

692050

-

4.4.1.5

methylglyoxal + glutathione = S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione

694109

-

4.4.1.5

trypanothione + methylglyoxal = 5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione

729176, 729177

-

4.4.1.5

trypanothione + methylglyoxal = S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione

729177

-

4.2.1.130

2 entries

4.4.1.5

9 entries

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (9 results)

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Show Natural Product (9 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.283

(S)-lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+

0

-

1.13.11.50

pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + 2-oxopropanal

0

-

1.13.11.50

pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + methylglyoxal

0

-

1.13.11.50

pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = methylglyoxal + acetate

0

-

1.13.11.50

3 entries

1.4.3.21

aminoacetone + H2O + O2 = methylglyoxal + NH3 + H2O2

0

-

4.2.1.130

(R)-lactate = 2-oxopropanal + H2O

0

-

4.2.3.3

glycerone phosphate = 2-oxopropanal + phosphate

0

-

4.2.3.3

dihydroxyacetone phosphate = methylglyoxal + phosphate

0

-

4.2.3.3

glycerone phosphate = methylglyoxal + phosphate

0

-

4.2.3.3

3 entries

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (109 results)

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Show Substrate (109 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.1

2-oxopropanal + NADH + H+ = ? + NAD+

735486

-

1.1.1.1

methyl glyoxal + NADH + H+ = ?

688442

-

1.1.1.1

methylglyoxal + NADH + H+ = ? + NAD+

285627

-

1.1.1.1

methylglyoxal + NADH + H+ = acetol + NAD+

742509

-

1.1.1.1

pyruvaldehyde + NADH + H+ = lactaldehyde + NAD+

667266

-

1.1.1.1

5 entries

1.1.1.123

pyruvaldehyde + NADP+ = ?

762664

-

1.1.1.145

methylglyoxal + NADPH = ?

389394

-

1.1.1.149

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = ?

740126

-

1.1.1.149

methylglyoxal + NADPH = NADP+ + ?

286000, 285999

-

1.1.1.149

2 entries

1.1.1.153

methylglyoxal + NADPH = ?

286031, 286021

-

1.1.1.156

methylglyoxal + NADPH = 2-hydroxypropanal + NADP+

286042

-

1.1.1.156

pyruvaldehyde + NADPH = lactaldehyde + NADP+

286040

-

1.1.1.184

methyl glyoxal + NADPH + H+ = ? + NADP+

740466

-

1.1.1.184

methyl glyoxal + NADPH = ? + NADP+

655067

-

1.1.1.184

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = ? + NADP+

724046

-

1.1.1.184

methylglyoxal + NADPH = ?

347749

-

1.1.1.184

methylglyoxal + NADPH = ? + NADP+

655017

-

1.1.1.156

2 entries

1.1.1.184

5 entries

1.1.1.185

methylglyoxal + NADH = L-lactaldehyde

286134, 286136, 286137

-

1.1.1.189

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = ?

389468

-

1.1.1.2

methylglyoxal + NADPH = ?

684751, 722498

-

1.1.1.2

methylglyoxal + NADPH = ? + NADP+

286150, 286168, 286184, 286165, 286204, 286194, 286181

-

1.1.1.2

pyruvaldehyde + NADP+ = ? + NADPH + H+

697833

-

1.1.1.2

pyruvaldehyde + NADPH + H+ = lactaldehyde + NADP+

726712, 722173

-

1.1.1.2

pyruvaldehyde + NADPH = ? + NADP+

286165

-

1.1.1.21

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = ?

697266, 739042

-

1.1.1.21

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = acetol + NADP+

698094

-

1.1.1.21

methylglyoxal + NADPH = ?

286263, 286258, 286238

-

1.1.1.2

5 entries

1.1.1.21

3 entries

1.1.1.265

methyl glyoxal + NAD(P)H = ? + NAD(P)+

246375

-

1.1.1.270

methylglyoxal + NADP+ = ? + NADPH + H+

724124

-

1.1.1.274

methylglyoxal + NADPH = ? + NADP+

669104

-

1.1.1.283

methyl glyoxal + NADPH + H+ = ? + NADP+

736122

-

1.1.1.283

methylglyoxal + NADH + H+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NAD+

760931

-

1.1.1.283

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = (R)-lactataldehyde + NADP+

657418

-

1.1.1.283

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NADP+

761212, 741962, 760931

-

1.1.1.283

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = L-lactaldehyde + NADP+

207971, 692329

-

1.1.1.283

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = lactaldehyde + NADP+

686820, 764666

-

1.1.1.283

methylglyoxal + NADPH = lactaldehyde + NADP+

207972, 207973, 670170, 207974, 207977, 207971

-

1.1.1.283

7 entries

1.1.1.284

methylglyoxal + glutathione + NAD+ = S-pyruvylglutathione + NADH

287888, 287864, 287890, 287862, 287867, 287885, 287869, 287889, 80983, 287870

-

1.1.1.304

methyl glyoxal + NADH + H+ = ? + NAD+

246412

-

1.1.1.307

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = ?

286260

-

1.1.1.372

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = ?

673558

-

1.1.1.4

methyl glyoxal + NADH = ?

246412

-

1.1.1.4

pyruvic aldehyde + NADH = ?

667266

-

1.1.1.4

2 entries

1.1.1.427

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = ?

764192

-

1.1.1.53

methylglyoxal + NADPH = ?

287106

-

1.1.1.6

methylglyoxal + NADH = lactaldehyde + NAD+

636283, 636294

-

1.1.1.61

methylglyoxal + NAD+ = ? + NADH

698903

-

1.1.1.61

methylglyoxal + NAD+ = ? + NADH + H+

698903

-

1.1.1.71

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = 2-hydroxy-propanal + NADP+

287278

-

1.1.1.71

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = ?

737536

-

1.1.1.71

pyruvaldehyde + NADPH + H+ = ? + NADP+

726712

-

1.1.1.71

pyruvaldehyde + NADPH + H+ = lactaldehyde + NADP+

726699, 726712

-

1.1.1.71

pyruvic aldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+ = ?

735486

-

1.1.1.61

2 entries

1.1.1.71

5 entries

1.1.1.72

methylglyoxal + NADPH = 1-hydroxyacetone + NADP+

287283, 287286, 287289

-

1.1.1.78

methylglyoxal + NADH = (R)-lactaldehyde + NAD+

207976, 207968, 207975, 137611, 207969

-

1.1.1.78

methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = (R)-lactataldehyde + NADP+

657418

-

1.1.1.78

methylglyoxal + NADPH = lactaldehyde + NADP+

207976, 207968

-

1.1.1.78

3 entries

1.2.1.22

methylglyoxal + NAD+ + H2O = pyruvate + NADH

288133

-

1.2.1.23

methylglyoxal + NAD+ + H2O = pyruvate + NADH + H+

288137, 288148, 742509, 288146, 288144, 288139, 288145, 288142, 288143, 288138, 288140, 288141

-

1.2.1.3

methylglyoxal + NAD+ + H2O = methylglyoxalate + NADH

348693

-

1.2.1.3

pyruvic aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = pyruvate + NADH

348682

-

1.2.1.3

2 entries

1.2.1.4

methylglyoxal + NADP+ + H2O = ?

712174

-

1.2.1.46

pyruvaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = pyruvate + NADH

288248

-

1.2.1.49

methylglyoxal + NADP+ + H2O = pyruvate + NADPH

655211

-

1.2.1.49

methylglyoxal + NADP+ + H2O = pyruvate + NADPH + H+

288145, 288148, 288256, 288142, 288143, 288140, 288141, 288259, 288146

-

1.2.1.8

methylglyoxal + NAD+ + H2O = pyruvate + NADH + H+

656550

-

1.2.1.8

methylglyoxal + NADP+ + H2O = ? + NADPH + H+

656550

-

1.2.3.15

2-oxopropanal + H2O + O2 = pyruvate + H2O2

739561

-

1.2.3.15

methylglyoxal + H2O + O2 = methylglyoxylate + H2O2

738564, 739130, 763111, 738490, 739561, 762882

-

1.2.1.49

2 entries

1.2.1.8

2 entries

1.2.3.15

2 entries

1.2.3.3

methylglyoxal + phosphate + O2 + H2O = ? + H2O2

390437

-

1.2.5.2

methylglyoxal + ferricyanide = 2-oxopropanoic acid + ferrocyanide + H+

731204

-

1.2.98.1

2-oxo-propanal + H2O + propanal = pyruvate + propanol

390491

-

1.2.98.1

pyruvaldehyde + H2O = pyruvate + methylglycol

390491

-

1.2.98.1

2 entries

1.3.1.20

methylglyoxal + NADPH = ?

349254

-

1.5.1.24

L-ornithine + methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ = ? + NADP+ + H2O

712294

-

2.2.1.11

2-oxopropanal + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1-deoxy-D-threo-hexo-2,5-diulose 6-phosphate

756264

-

2.2.1.11

methylglyoxal + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1-deoxy-D-threo-hexo-2,5-diulose 6-phosphate

718841

-

2.2.1.11

methylglyoxal + D-fructose 1-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde + 1-deoxy-D-threo-hexo-2,5-diulose 6-phosphate

718841

-

2.2.1.5

2-oxoglutarate + methylglyoxal = (R)-5-hydroxy-4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid + CO2

736654

-

2.2.1.5

2-oxoisovalerate + methylglyoxal = (S)-3-hydroxy-5-methylhexane-2,4-dione + CO2

736654

-

2.2.1.5

2-oxovalerate + methylglyoxal = (S)-3-hydroxyheptane-2,4-dione + CO2

736654

-

2.2.1.11

3 entries

2.2.1.5

3 entries

2.6.1.18

pyruvic aldehyde + (S)-alpha-methylbenzylamine = ? + acetophenone

657597

-

2.6.1.62

pyruvaldehyde + (S)-(-)-1-phenylethylamine = ?

758685

-

3.5.1.124

methylglyoxal + H2O = (R)-lactate

755138

-

4.1.2.43

D-ribulose 5-phosphate + methylglyoxal = ?

690565, 690311, 694004

-

4.1.2.54

pyruvate + methylglyoxal = ?

722654

-

4.1.3.16

pyruvaldehyde + glyoxylate = ?

5252

-

4.2.1.130

2-oxopropanal + H2O = (R)-lactate

740433, 714075, 740429, 739999, 739997, 716271

-

4.2.1.130

methylglyoxal + H2O = (R)-lactate

713609, 715449, 716271, 729499, 755042, 753645, 753036, 714075

-

4.4.1.5

trypanothione + 2 methylglyoxal = 5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione

729176

-

4.4.1.5

glutathione + 2-oxopropanal = (R)-S-lactoylglutathione

690845

-

4.4.1.5

glutathione + methylglyoxal = (R)-S-lactoylglutathione

729179, 729177, 729175, 729176, 729369, 729392, 663791, 663797, 748754, 730617, 749417, 729178

-

4.4.1.5

glutathione + methylglyoxal = ?

37417, 37452

-

4.4.1.5

glutathione + methylglyoxal = S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione

714437, 690845, 690382, 690439

-

4.4.1.5

glutathione + methylglyoxal = S-D-lactoylglutathione

681891, 679014, 680638, 682102, 678641, 678673, 690845, 678043, 680821, 649699, 680507, 692050, 681984, 678463

-

4.4.1.5

glutathione + methylglyoxal = S-lactoylglutathione

37413, 37418, 37428, 37446, 37419, 37421, 37420, 37427, 37425, 37417, 37437, 37452, 37455, 37429, 37414, 663941, 37416, 37415, 134193, 37454, 679014, 37438, 37443, 37439, 37430, 37456, 37447, 35018, 37445

-

4.4.1.5

glutathione ethyl ester + methylglyoxal = ?

681984

-

4.4.1.5

glutathione ethyl ester + methylglyoxal = S-lactoylglutathionyl ethyl ester

681984

-

4.4.1.5

glutathione isopropyl ester + methylglyoxal = S-lactoylglutathionyl isopropyl ester

681984

-

4.4.1.5

glutathionylspermidine + methylglyoxal = ?

692049, 678043

-

4.4.1.5

methylglyoxal + glutathione = (R)-S-lactoylglutathione

708402, 709168, 709607, 710359, 710382, 707014, 707602, 707837, 708034, 709445, 709654, 709815, 709820, 710151, 710567, 707439, 709889, 710372, 710003, 707782, 710521, 710387, 709703, 692048, 692050, 692049

-

4.4.1.5

methylglyoxal + glutathione = (R)S-lactoylglutathione

692050

-

4.4.1.5

methylglyoxal + glutathione = S-((R)-lactoyl)glutathione

691217, 694250, 694109, 692115, 690917, 692050, 692804, 691822, 691821, 694865, 692049

-

4.4.1.5

methylglyoxal + glutathione = S-D-lactoylglutathione

707749

-

4.4.1.5

methylglyoxal + reduced trypanothione = S-D-lactoyltrypanothione

706992

-

4.4.1.5

methylglyoxal + trypanothione = S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione

692049

-

4.4.1.5

N1-glutathionylspermidine + methylglyoxal = ?

681984

-

4.4.1.5

trypanothione + methylglyoxal = 5,5'-bi((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione

729176, 729177

-

4.4.1.5

trypanothione + methylglyoxal = S,S'-bis((R)-lactoyl)trypanothione

678043, 729177, 663884, 681984, 692329

-

4.2.1.130

2 entries

4.4.1.5

20 entries

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (22 results)

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Show Product (22 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.245

propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = methylglyoxal + NADH

0

-

1.1.1.283

(S)-lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+

0

-

1.1.1.284

pyruvylglutathione + NADH + H+ = methylglyoxal + NAD+

0

-

1.1.1.284

S-pyruvylglutathione + NADH = methylglyoxal + glutathione + NAD+

287870

-

1.1.1.284

2 entries

1.1.1.75

hydroxyacetone + NAD+ = 2-oxopropanal + NADH

0

-

1.1.3.18

1,2-propanediol + O2 = 1,2-propanedione + H2O2

0

-

1.1.3.9

acetol + O2 = pyruvaldehyde + H2O2

389850

-

1.13.11.50

pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + 2-oxopropanal

0

-

1.13.11.50

pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + methylglyoxal

0

-

1.13.11.50

pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = methylglyoxal + acetate

0

-

1.13.11.50

3 entries

1.4.3.21

aminoacetone + H2O + O2 = methylglyoxal + NH3 + H2O2

0

-

3.8.1.5

(RS)-3-chloropropane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (R)-3-chloropropane-1,2-diol + 2-oxo-propionaldehyde + CH3COOH + Cl- + HCOOH + NADH

0

-

4.1.2.17

dihydroxyacetone phosphate = methylglyoxal + phosphate

0

-

4.2.1.130

(R)-lactate = 2-oxopropanal + H2O

0

-

4.2.3.3

glycerone phosphate = 2-oxopropanal + phosphate

0

-

4.2.3.3

dihydroxyacetone phosphate = methylglyoxal + phosphate

137600, 137601, 137613, 137614, 137616, 137617, 137618, 653942, 0, 137611, 137605, 137607, 137603, 137602, 137615, 137609, 649962, 137606, 137612, 137604, 137608, 137610, 651582, 650074, 650248, 651580

-

4.2.3.3

glycerone phosphate = methylglyoxal + phosphate

0

-

4.2.3.3

glycerone phosphate = pyruvaldehyde + phosphate

0

-

4.4.1.5

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione = glutathione + methylglyoxal

0

-

4.4.1.5

S-D-lactoyltrypanothione = methylglyoxal + reduced trypanothione

0

-

4.2.3.3

4 entries

4.4.1.5

2 entries

5.3.1.1

glycerone phosphate = methylglyoxal + phosphate

650149

-

5.3.1.9

malonic dialdehyde = methylglyoxal

0

-

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (4 results)

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Show Activating Compound (4 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.21

up to 4.5fold induction of mRNA, activity and protein level, abolished in presence of cycloheximide or actinomycin D

656836

-

1.1.1.283

exogenous methylglyoxal (MG) upregulates Dictyostelium discoideum slug migration by triggering glutathione reductase and methylglyoxal reductase activity

761257

-

2.7.11.25

induces the PI3K/PKC/Raf-1-independent MEK/ERK signaling pathway by activation of MEKK1, accumulates in case of diabetes

665804

-

4.4.1.5

addition at pH 5.0 results in a significant 98% increase in the glycolytic rate

680507

-

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (26 results)

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Show Inhibitors (26 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.103

1.0 mM, 42% inhibition, 2 mM, 63% inhibition, methylglyoxal binds at an allosteric site of the enzyme

285715

-

1.1.1.188

-

741357

-

1.1.1.283

in absence of NADPH

207974

-

1.1.1.284

-

287888

-

1.1.3.21

strain CETC 978, 277 mM, complete inactivation after 50 min, in the presence of 30 mM benzoylformic acid complete inactivation after 20 min

287570

-

1.11.1.9

Arg184 and Arg185, located in the glutathione binding site of the enzyme are irreversibly modified by treatment with methylglyoxal

658798

-

1.2.1.22

substrate inhibition

288133

-

1.2.1.3

substrate inhibition

348693

-

1.4.1.1

-

349586

-

1.4.1.3

with 1 mM methylglyoxal, GDH activity significantly decreases at 30 min of incubation, and markedly drops by 37% within 5 h compared to control

686680

-

2.3.3.9

-

638478

-

2.6.1.16

50% inhibition at 0.01 mM, non competitive

639912

-

2.6.1.16

inhibits preincubated enzyme less profoundly than the untreated enzyme

639924

-

2.6.1.16

2 entries

2.6.1.43

-

640046, 640048, 640053, 640054, 640059, 640063

-

3.1.1.2

decreases specific activity in a concentration-dependent manner

708087

-

3.1.2.6

-

134159, 134166, 134171

-

3.4.11.10

photochemical inactivation: effect only in UV-light, Ki: 1.8-2.0 mM

81183

-

4.1.2.17

competitive inhibition

690787

-

4.1.2.43

26% inhibition at 4 mM

691118

-

4.2.1.11

-

716843

-

4.2.1.11

incubation of0.015 mM enzyme with 2 mM, 3.1 mM and 4.34 mM methylglyoxal in 100 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4 for 3 h causes the loss a 32%, 55% and 82% of initial specific activity, respectively. Inhibition of enolase by methylglyoxal and formation of enolase-derived glycation products arises more effectively in slight alkaline conditions and in the presence of inorganic phosphate

704848

-

4.2.1.11

2 entries

4.2.3.3

linear noncompetitive inhibitor

137607

-

4.3.1.3

-

34303

-

4.4.1.5

200 mM, 8 h, significantly reduces enzyme activity from 0.2 U/single Caenorhabditis elegans (without addition of methylglyoxal) to 0.12 U/single Caenorhabditis elegans

690310

-

4.4.1.5

5 mM, 50% inhibition of activity in cell lines

653438

-

4.4.1.5

addition at pH 7.0 results in a modest 28% decrease in the glycolytic rate

680507

-

4.4.1.5

3 entries

Metals and Ions (1 result)

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Show Metals Ions (1 entry)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

4.4.1.5

10 mM, enhanced tolerance to toxic stress in transgenic Vigna mungo

694109

-

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (52 results)

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Show Turnover Number (52 entries)

EC NUMBER

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/S]

TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM [1/S]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.1.1.149

0.12

-

at pH 7.4 and 37°C

740126

1.1.1.184

2.5

-

pH 6.0, 25°C

740466

1.1.1.184

4

-

pH 6.0, 25°C

740466

1.1.1.184

23.8

-

pH 7.0, 25°C

724046

1.1.1.2

2.04

-

pH 7.5, 60°C

726712

1.1.1.2

3.7

-

80°C, pH not specified in the publication

722498

1.1.1.21

0.43

-

in 0.1 M potassium phosphate, pH 7.4

697266

1.1.1.21

14.5

-

pH 6.2, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant His-tagged enzyme

739042

1.1.1.21

44.4

-

recombinant enzyme, in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), at 25°C, in the presence of 0.3 mM trypanothione

698094

1.1.1.21

78.4

-

recombinant enzyme, in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), at 25°C, in the presence of 0.3 mM glutathione

698094

1.1.1.21

266

-

-

286258

1.1.1.270

0.3

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, wild-type enzyme

724124

1.1.1.270

0.32

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant L116F

724124

1.1.1.270

0.37

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant M304S

724124

1.1.1.270

0.4

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant F303Q/M304S

724124

1.1.1.270

0.58

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant F303Q

724124

1.1.1.274

27.62

-

YqhE

669104

1.1.1.274

29.15

-

YafB

669104

1.1.1.274

81

-

YafB

669104

1.1.1.283

0.0022

-

pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication

764666

1.1.1.283

0.85

-

1 mM

670170

1.1.1.283

2.5

-

pH 6.0, 25°

736122

1.1.1.283

4

-

pH 6.0, 25°

736122

1.1.1.184

3 entries

1.1.1.2

2 entries

1.1.1.21

5 entries

1.1.1.270

5 entries

1.1.1.274

3 entries

1.1.1.283

4 entries

1.1.1.427

4.4

-

at pH 7.0 and 25°C

764192

1.1.1.71

2.04

-

60°C, pH 7.5

726699, 726712

1.1.1.71

2.04

-

pH 7.5, 60°C

726712

1.1.1.71

2 entries

1.2.1.23

18.17

-

pH and temperature not specified in the publication

742509

1.2.3.15

12.6

-

pH 6, 50°C

762882

1.2.3.15

198

-

at pH 4.5 and 25°C

739561

1.2.3.15

2 entries

3.5.1.124

0.663

-

pH 7.5, 37°C

755138

4.2.1.130

0.08

-

pH 7.0, 22°C

739997

4.2.1.130

0.095

-

pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, mutant enzyme H184A

716271

4.2.1.130

0.29

-

pH 7.0, 22°C

739997

4.2.1.130

0.518

-

recombinant Hsp3101, pH and temperature not specified in the publication

729499

4.2.1.130

0.967

-

recombinant Hsp3102, pH and temperature not specified in the publication

729499

4.2.1.130

1.09

-

recombinant mutant SpDJ-1 H130A, pH and temperature not specified in the publication

729499

4.2.1.130

1.25

-

recombinant ScHsp31, pH and temperature not specified in the publication

729499

4.2.1.130

1.43

-

pH 7.5, 37°C

716271

4.2.1.130

1.43

-

recombinant wild-type SpDJ-1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication

729499

4.2.1.130

2.61

-

pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, wild-type enzyme

716271

4.4.1.5

11.4

-

-

649699

4.4.1.5

69

-

presence of Co2+, pH 7.0

663941

4.4.1.5

86

-

presence of Co2+, pH 7.0

663941

4.4.1.5

146

-

presence of Co2+, pH 7.0

663941

4.4.1.5

204

-

presence of Ni2+, pH 7.0

663941

4.4.1.5

271

-

presence of Ni2+, pH 7.0

663941

4.4.1.5

306

-

presence of Ni2+, pH 7.0

663941

4.4.1.5

983

-

-

37421

4.4.1.5

1088

-

recombinant enzyme, pH 7.3, 25°C

729392

4.4.1.5

1130

-

-

37419, 37421

4.4.1.5

1180

-

-

37420, 37421

4.4.1.5

1820

-

-

37421

4.2.1.130

10 entries

4.4.1.5

12 entries

K_M Value (150 results)

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Show KM Value (150 entries)

EC NUMBER

KM VALUE [MM]

KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.1.1.1

35

-

-

285627

1.1.1.145

2.651

-

-

389394

1.1.1.149

0.088

-

at pH 7.4 and 37°C

740126

1.1.1.149

0.356

0.548

-

285999

1.1.1.149

2 entries

1.1.1.153

4.4

-

-

286021

1.1.1.184

0.43

-

pH 6.0, 25°C

740466

1.1.1.184

1.6

-

pH 6.0, 25°C

740466

1.1.1.184

2.2

-

pH 7.0, 25°C

724046

1.1.1.185

0.09

-

pI 7.2 form

286136

1.1.1.185

0.098

-

pI 6.2 form

286134

1.1.1.185

0.102

-

pI 7.2 form

286134

1.1.1.185

90

-

-

286137

1.1.1.184

3 entries

1.1.1.185

4 entries

1.1.1.189

1.1

-

-

389468

1.1.1.2

0.2

-

80°C, pH not specified in the publication

722498

1.1.1.2

1.2

-

wild type enzyme, at 70°C

697833

1.1.1.2

1.3

-

-

286168

1.1.1.2

1.9

-

AR2

286181

1.1.1.2

2.8

-

AR1

286184

1.1.1.2

3

-

-

286194

1.1.1.2

3.2

-

AR3

286181

1.1.1.2

3.3

-

pH 7.0, 70°C

722173

1.1.1.2

4.2

-

mutant enzyme R11L/A180V, at 70°C

697833

1.1.1.2

17.75

-

pH 7.5, 60°C

726712

1.1.1.21

0.112

-

recombinant enzyme, in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), at 25°C, in the presence of 0.3 mM glutathione

698094

1.1.1.21

0.26

-

in 0.1 M potassium phosphate, pH 7.4

697266

1.1.1.21

0.4

-

recombinant enzyme, in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), at 25°C, in the presence of 0.3 mM trypanothione

698094

1.1.1.21

1.2

-

pH 6.2, temperature not specified in the publication, recombinant His-tagged enzyme

739042

1.1.1.21

6.3

-

-

286258

1.1.1.270

0.18

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant L116F

724124

1.1.1.270

0.209

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant M304S

724124

1.1.1.270

0.222

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, wild-type enzyme

724124

1.1.1.270

0.25

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant F303Q/M304S

724124

1.1.1.270

0.253

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant F303Q

724124

1.1.1.274

2.05

-

YqhE

669104

1.1.1.274

2.46

-

YafB

669104

1.1.1.283

0.08

-

1 mM

670170

1.1.1.283

0.43

-

pH 6.0, 25°

736122

1.1.1.283

0.7

-

-

207974

1.1.1.283

1.43

-

enzyme MGR I

207974

1.1.1.283

1.6

-

pH 6.0, 25°

736122

1.1.1.283

1.6

-

pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication

764666

1.1.1.283

1.92

-

-

207977

1.1.1.283

5.88

-

-

207971

1.1.1.283

15.4

-

enzyme MGR I

207974

1.1.1.284

1.2

-

-

287869, 287889

1.1.1.284

2.8

-

-

287862

1.1.1.2

10 entries

1.1.1.21

5 entries

1.1.1.270

5 entries

1.1.1.274

2 entries

1.1.1.283

9 entries

1.1.1.284

2 entries

1.1.1.304

75

-

pH 7.0, 25°C

246412

1.1.1.372

0.4

-

at pH 7.0 and 30°C

673558

1.1.1.4

75

-

-

246412

1.1.1.427

14.3

-

at pH 7.0 and 25°C

764192

1.1.1.61

9

-

-

698903

1.1.1.61

9

-

in 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.8), at 37°C

698903

1.1.1.71

0.0107

-

-

287278

1.1.1.71

17.75

-

60°C, pH 7.5

726699, 726712

1.1.1.71

17.75

-

pH 7.5, 60°C

726712

1.1.1.61

2 entries

1.1.1.71

3 entries

1.1.1.78

0.4

-

-

207969

1.2.1.22

1

-

-

288133

1.2.1.23

0.24

-

-

288137

1.2.1.23

0.4

-

-

288144

1.2.1.23

0.97

-

pH and temperature not specified in the publication

742509

1.2.1.23

1

-

-

288138

1.2.1.23

1.7

-

-

288140

1.2.1.23

2.08

-

-

288142

1.2.1.23

2.08

-

amine as activator in aldehyde oxidation, same value for methylglyoxal as substrate, assay mixture containing 10 mM potassium phosphate

288143

1.2.1.23

2.08

-

assay mixture containing 40 mM L-2-aminopropan-1-ol and 10 mM potassium phosphate

288143

1.2.1.23

2.08

-

in the presence of L-2-aminopropan-1-ol (Km 5.0 mM) and 10 mM phosphate, at pH 9.3 and 25°C

288143

1.2.1.23

2.08

-

in the presence of L-2-aminopropan-1-ol (Km 5.0 mM), at pH 9.3 and 25°C

288142

1.2.1.23

2.6

-

amine as activator in aldehyde oxidation

288143

1.2.1.23

2.6

-

assay mixture containing 40 mM 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol and 10 mM potassium phosphate

288143

1.2.1.23

2.6

-

in the presence of 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol (Km 15 mM), at pH 9.3 and 25°C

288143

1.2.1.23

3.8

-

amine as activator in aldehyde oxidation

288143

1.2.1.23

3.8

-

assay mixture containing 40 mM 2-aminobutan-1-ol and 10 mM potassium phosphate

288143

1.2.1.23

3.8

-

in the presence of 2-aminobutan-1-ol (Km 20 mM), at pH 9.3 and 25°C

288143

1.2.1.23

4

-

amine as activator in aldehyde oxidation

288143

1.2.1.23

4

-

assay mixture containing 40 mM Tris and 10 mM potassium phosphate

288143

1.2.1.23

4

-

in the presence of Tris (Km 2.4 mM), at pH 9.3 and 25°C

288143

1.2.1.23

5

-

amine as activator in aldehyde oxidation

288143

1.2.1.23

5

-

in the presence of 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1,3-diol (Km 4.3 mM), at pH 9.3 and 25°C

288143

1.2.1.23

5.5

-

amine as activator in aldehyde oxidation

288143

1.2.1.23

5.5

-

assay mixture containing 40 mM 2-aminopropane-1,3-diol and 10 mM potassium phosphate

288143

1.2.1.23

5.5

-

in the presence of 2-aminopropane-1,3-diol (Km 7.7 mM), at pH 9.3 and 25°C

288143

1.2.1.23

7.14

-

amine as activator in aldehyde oxidation, assay mixture containing 5 mM methylglyoxal, no potassium phosphate

288143

1.2.1.23

7.14

-

assay mixture containing 40 mM L-2-aminopropan-1-ol, no potassium phosphate

288143

1.2.1.23

7.14

-

in the presence of L-2-aminopropan-1-ol (Km 36 mM), without phosphate, at pH 9.3 and 25°C

288143

1.2.1.3

0.0086

-

pH 7.4, isoenzyme E2

348693

1.2.1.3

0.013

-

-

348682

1.2.1.3

0.021

-

pH 9.0, isoenzyme E2

348693

1.2.1.3

0.552

-

minor component of enzyme form E3, pH 7.4

348693

1.2.1.3

0.586

-

major component of enzyme form E3, pH 7.4

348693

1.2.1.3

0.958

-

minor component of enzyme form E3, pH 9.0

348693

1.2.1.3

1.876

-

major component of enzyme form E3, pH 9.0

348693

1.2.1.49

0.14

-

-

288259

1.2.1.49

0.21

-

-

288146

1.2.1.49

0.21

0.83

-

288259, 288142, 288146, 288140

1.2.1.49

0.5

-

-

288140

1.2.1.49

0.83

-

-

288142

1.2.1.49

0.83

-

amine as activator in aldehyde oxidation

288142

1.2.1.49

0.83

-

in the presence of L-2-aminopropan-1-ol (Km 83 mM), at pH 9.3 and 25°C

288142

1.2.1.49

8

-

amine as activator in aldehyde oxidation

288259

1.2.1.49

8

-

in the presence of L-serine methyl ester (Km 8.0 mM)

288259

1.2.1.8

2.5

-

pH 7.7, coenzyme NAD+

656550

1.2.1.8

9

-

pH 7.7, coenzyme NADP+

656550

1.2.3.15

0.1

-

pH 6, 30°C

763111

1.2.3.15

0.2

-

pH 6, 30°C

763111

1.2.3.15

0.64

-

at pH 4.5 and 25°C

739561

1.2.3.15

1.3

-

at pH 4.5 and 25°C

739561

1.2.3.15

12.8

-

pH 6, 50°C

762882

1.2.1.23

27 entries

1.2.1.3

7 entries

1.2.1.49

9 entries

1.2.1.8

2 entries

1.2.3.15

5 entries

3.5.1.124

0.25084

-

pH 7.5, 37°C

755138

4.1.2.43

5.7

-

apparent value, in 50 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.5, with 5 mM MgCl2, at 30°C

690311

4.1.2.43

5.7

-

in 500 mM potassium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5, at 30°C

694004

4.1.2.43

2 entries

4.1.3.16

5.1

-

-

5252

4.2.1.130

0.19

-

pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, mutant enzyme H184A

716271

4.2.1.130

1.43

-

pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication, wild-type enzyme

716271

4.2.1.130

1.5

-

recombinant ScHsp31, pH and temperature not specified in the publication

729499

4.2.1.130

10.8

-

recombinant wild-type SpDJ-1, pH and temperature not specified in the publication

729499

4.2.1.130

31.1

-

recombinant Hsp3101, pH and temperature not specified in the publication

729499

4.2.1.130

37.3

-

recombinant mutant SpDJ-1 H130A, pH and temperature not specified in the publication

729499

4.2.1.130

58

-

recombinant Hsp3102, pH and temperature not specified in the publication

729499

4.2.1.130

156.9

-

pH 7.5, 37°C

716271

4.2.1.130

900

-

30°C, pH not specified in the publication, wild-type enzyme

753645

4.2.1.130

1900

-

30°C, pH not specified in the publication, mutant enzyme L166P

753645

4.4.1.5

0.016

-

presence of Co2+, pH 7.0

663941

4.4.1.5

0.028

-

presence of Co2+, pH 7.0

663941

4.4.1.5

0.029

-

presence of Co2+, pH 7.0

663941

4.4.1.5

0.032

-

presence of Ni2+, pH 7.0

663941

4.4.1.5

0.045

-

presence of Ni2+, pH 7.0

663941

4.4.1.5

0.056

-

presence of Ni2+, pH 7.0

663941

4.4.1.5

0.078

-

-

37429

4.4.1.5

0.09

-

liver or erythrocyte enzyme

37427

4.4.1.5

0.13

-

-

37419, 37421, 37423

4.4.1.5

0.14

-

-

37420, 37421

4.4.1.5

0.182

-

recombinant enzyme, pH 7.3, 25°C

729392

4.4.1.5

0.19

-

-

37413

4.4.1.5

0.21

-

-

37421

4.4.1.5

0.32

-

-

37413

4.4.1.5

0.34

-

-

649699

4.4.1.5

0.35

-

-

678641

4.4.1.5

0.362

-

presence of Zn2+, 37°C, pH 6.6

749417

4.4.1.5

0.406

-

presence of Ni2+, 37°C, pH 6.6

749417

4.4.1.5

0.44

-

-

37443

4.4.1.5

0.5

-

-

678673

4.4.1.5

0.53

-

-

37421

4.4.1.5

0.588

-

presence of Co2+, 37°C, pH 6.6

749417

4.4.1.5

0.91

-

-

37454

4.4.1.5

1.03

-

the apparent kinetic parameters are determined by varying the hemithioacetal concentration between 0.3 and 1.5 mM, which is obtained by the nonenzymatic reaction between glutathione and methylglyoxal

690845

4.4.1.5

1.25

-

-

37414

4.4.1.5

1.4

-

for the hemithioacetal as substrate

692050

4.4.1.5

1.6

-

pH 7.0, 25°C

663791

4.4.1.5

1.9

-

37°C, pH 6.6

749417

4.4.1.5

3.5

-

-

37416

4.2.1.130

10 entries

4.4.1.5

29 entries

K_i Value (3 results)

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Show KI Value (3 entries)

EC NUMBER

KI VALUE [MM]

KI VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.2.1.3

2

-

major component of enzyme E3, pH 9.0

348693

1.2.1.3

12

-

minor component of enzyme E3, pH 9.0

348693

1.2.1.3

2 entries

3.4.11.10

1.8

2

photochemical inactivation: effect only in UV-light

81183

References & Links

Literature References (292)

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Show Reference (292 entries)

BRENDA REFERENCE ID

PUBMED ID

TITLE

YEAR

AUTHORS

JOURNAL

VOLUME

PAGES

5252

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Substrates of hydroxyketoglutarate aldolase

1984

Scholtz, J.M.; Schuster, S.M.

Bioorg. Chem.

12

229-234

34303

8507666

Inactivation of histidine ammonia-lyase from Streptomyces griseus by dicarbonyl reagents

1993

White, P.J.; Kendrick, K.E.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1163

273-279

35018

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Mussel glyoxalase I as a possible marker for ecotoxicological studies: purification and preliminary characterization

1996

Regoli, F.; Saccucci, F.; Principato, G.

Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C

113

313-317

37413

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The glyoxalase system

1989

vander Jagt, D.L.

Coenzymes and cofactors, Glutathione, Chem. Biochem. Med. Aspects Pt. A (Dolphin D, Poulson R, Avromonic O, eds. ) John Wiley & Sons, New York

3

597-641

37414

3123469

Metabolism of 2-ketoaldehydes in mold: purification and characterization of glyoxalase I from Aspergillus niger

1987

Inoue, Y.; Rhee, H.; Watanabe, K.; Murata, K.; Kimura, A.

J. Biochem.

102

583-589

37415

3109489

Purification and active site modification studies on glyoxalase I from monkey intestinal mucosa

1987

Baskaran, S.; Balasubramanian, K.A.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

913

377-385

37416

3101683

Purification and characterization of glyoxalase I from Pseudomonas putida

1986

Rhee, H.; Murata, K.; Kimura, A.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

141

993-999

37417

-

Complete purification of yeast glyoxalase I and its activation by ferrous ions and polyamines

1986

Murata, K.; Saikusa, T.; Watanabe, K.; Inoue, Y.; Fukuda, Y.; Shimosaka, M.; Kimura, A.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

50

2381-2383

37418

7154967

Glyoxalase I from mouse liver

1982

Oray, B.; Norton, S.J.

Methods Enzymol.

90

542-546

37419

7154966

Glyoxalase I from human erythrocytes

1982

Mannervik, B.; Aronsson, A.C.; Tibbelin, G.

Methods Enzymol.

90

535-541

37420

6173571

Glyoxalase I (rat liver)

1981

Mannervik, B.; Aronsson, A.C.; Marmstal, E.; Tibbelin, G.

Methods Enzymol.

77

297-301

37421

393249

Comparison of glyoxalase I purified from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with the enzyme from mammalian sources

1979

Marmstal, E.; Aronsson, A.C.; Mannervik, B.

Biochem. J.

183

23-30

37423

443539

Purification of glyoxalase I from human erythrocytes by the use of affinity chromatography and separation of the three isoenzymes

1979

Aronsson, A.C.; Tibbelin, G.; Mannervik, B.

Anal. Biochem.

92

390-393

37425

921763

Characterization of glyoxalase I purified from pig erythrocytes by affinity chromatography

1977

Aronsson, A.C.; Mannervik, B.

Biochem. J.

165

503-509

37427

953039

Purification and kinetic study of glyoxalase-I from rat liver, erythrocytes, brain and kidney

1976

Han, L.P.B.; Davison, L.M.; vander Jagt, D.L.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

445

486-499

37428

1138914

The isolation and characterization of mouse liver glyoxalase I

1975

Kester, M.V.; Norton, S.J.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

391

212-221

37429

19241

Purification and properties of glyoxalase I from sheep liver

1975

Uotila, L.; Koivusalo, M.

Eur. J. Biochem.

52

493-503

37430

4628223

Partial purification and characterization of glyoxalase I from porcine erythrocytes

1972

Mannervik, B.; Lindström, L.; Bartfai, T.

Eur. J. Biochem.

29

276-281

37437

14841219

The mechanism of action of glyoxalase

1951

Racker, E.

J. Biol. Chem.

190

685-696

37438

-

The reaction mechanism of rat liver glyoxalase I and its inhibition by MS-3

1976

Kurasawa, S.; Takeuchi, T.; Umezawa, H.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

40

559-566

37439

4574550

The stereochemical configuration of the lactoyl group of S-lactoylglutathionine formed by the action of glyoxalase I from porcine erythrocytes and yeast

1973

Ekwall, K.; Mannervik, B.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

297

297-299

37443

-

Purification and characterization of glyoxalase I from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

1996

Hwang, S.J.; Chai, Y.G.

J. Biochem. Mol. Biol.

29

294-299

37445

9628737

Overproduction and characterization of a dimeric non-zinc glyoxalase I from Escherichia coli: evidence for optimal activation by nickel ions

1998

Clugston, S.L.; Barnard, J.F.J.; Kinach, R.; Miedema, D.; Ruman, R.; Daub, E.; Honek, J.F.

Biochemistry

37

8754-8763

37446

9108256

Diffusion-dependent kinetic properties of glyoxalase I and estimates of the steady-state concentrations of glyoxalase-pathway intermediates in glycolyzing erythrocytes

1997

Shih, M.J.; Edinger, J.W.; Creighton, D.J.

Eur. J. Biochem.

244

852-857

37447

2037046

Purification and partial characterization of glyoxalase I from a higher plant Brassica juncea

1991

Deswal, R.; Sopory, S.K.

FEBS Lett.

282

277-280

37452

8359523

Glyoxalase I in micro-organisms: molecular characteristics, genetics and biochemical regulation

1993

Kimura, A.; Inoue, Y.

Biochem. Soc. Trans.

21

518-522

37454

-

Purification and characterization of glyoxalase I from Hansenula mrakii

1991

Inoue, Y.; Tran, L.T.; Yoshikawa, K.; Murata, K.; Kimura, A.

J. Ferment. Bioeng.

71

131-133

37455

-

Effects of substrate- (glutathione-) and inhibitor- (flavonoid-) analogues on glyoxalase I activity

1992

Ito, M.; Sadakane, K.; Shiotsuki, T.; Eto, M.

Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.

56

1461-1462

37456

7763577

Physiological and biochemical characterization of glyoxalase I, a general marker for cell proliferation, from a soybean cell suspension

1993

Paulus, C.; Köllner, B.; Jacobsen, H.J.

Planta

189

561-566

80983

574372

Purification of formaldehyde and formate dehydrogenases from pea seeds by affinity chromatography and S-formylglutathione as the intermediate of formaldehyde metabolism

1979

Uotila, L.; Koivusalo, M.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

196

33-45

81183

7056743

Photochemical inactivation of Aeromonas aminopeptidase by 2,3-butanedione

1982

Maekinen, K.K.; Maekinen, P.L.; Wilkes, S.H.; Bayliss, M.E.; Prescott, J.M.

J. Biol. Chem.

257

1765-1772

134159

-

Purification and characterization of glyoxylase II from bovine liver

1995

Bae, C.D.; Park, J.B.; Yang, J.U.; Lee, T.H.

Korean J. Biochem.

27

99-103

134166

7350914

Purification and characterization of mouse liver glyoxalase II

1980

Oray, B.; Norton, S.J.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

611

168-173

134171

7154968

Glyoxalase II from mouse liver

1982

Oray, B.; Norton, S.J.

Methods Enzymol.

90

547-551

134193

2076100

Glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II from Aloe vera: purification, characterization and comparison with animal glyoxalases

1990

Norton, S.J.; Talesa, V.; Yuan, W.J.; Principato, G.B.

Biochem. Int.

22

411-418

137600

11945670

The regulation of Escherichia coli methylglyoxal synthase a new control site in glycolysis

1971

Hopper, D.J.; Cooper, R.A.

FEBS Lett.

13

213-216

137601

4563643

The purification and properties of Escherichia coli methylglyoxal synthase

1972

Hopper, D.J.; Cooper, R.A.

Biochem. J.

128

321-329

137602

4368914

Methylglyoxal formation during glucose catabolism by Pseudomonas saccharophila. Identification of methylglyoxal synthase

1974

Cooper, R.A.

Eur. J. Biochem.

44

81-86

137603

236480

Methylglyoxal synthase

1975

Cooper, R.A.

Methods Enzymol.

41B

502-508

137604

1386

Isolation and characterization of crystalline methylglyoxal synthetase from Proteus vulgaris

1976

Tsai, P.K.; Gracy, R.W.

J. Biol. Chem.

251

364-367

137605

557320

Haloacetol phosphates as affinity labels for methylglyoxal synthase

1977

Yuan, P.M.; Gracy, R.W.; Hartman, F.C.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

74

1007-1013

137606

325056

Proton transfer reactions of methylglyoxal synthase

1977

Summers, M.C.; Rose, I.A.

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

99

4475-4478

137607

334078

The conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to methylglyoxal and inorganic phosphate by methylglyoxal synthase

1977

Yuan, P.M.; Gracy, R.W.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

183

1-6

137608

7240200

Isolation of methylglyoxal synthase from goat liver

1981

Ray, S.; Ray, M.

J. Biol. Chem.

256

6230-6233

137609

7020600

Methylglyoxal: enzyme distributions relative to its presence in Douglas-fir needles and absence in Douglas-fir needle callus

1981

Smits, M.M.; Johnson, M.A.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

208

431-439

137610

-

Methylglyoxal synthase uses the trans isomer or triose-1,2-enediol 3-phosphate

1983

Iyengar, R.; Rose, I.A.

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

105

3301-3303

137611

-

Formation of D(-)-1,2-propanediol and D(-)-lactate from glucose by Clostridium sphenoides under phosphate limitation

1985

Tran-Din, K.; Gottschalk, G.

Arch. Microbiol.

142

87-92

137612

3899111

Characterization of methylglyoxal synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1985

Murata, K.; Fukuda, Y.; Watanabe, K.; Saikusa, T.; Shimosaka, M.; Kimura, A.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

131

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137613

9732434

Methylglyoxal production in bacteria: suicide or survival

1998

Ferguson, G.P.; Tötemeyer, S.; MacLean, M.J.; Booth, I.R.

Arch. Microbiol.

170

209-219

137614

2926792

Formation of methylglyoxal by bacteria isolated from human faeces

1989

Baskaran, S.; Rajan, D.P.; Balasubramanian, K.A.

J. Med. Microbiol.

28

211-215

137615

10388730

Characterization of methylglyoxal synthase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and its use in the formation of 1,2-propanediol

1999

Huang, K.X.; Rudolph, F.B.; Bennett, G.N.

Appl. Environ. Microbiol.

65

3244-3247

137616

9665712

Identification of catalytic bases in the active site of Escherichia coli methylglyoxal synthase: cloning, expression, and functional characterization of conserved aspartic acid residues

1998

Saadat, D.; Harrison, D.H.T.

Biochemistry

37

10074-10086

137617

10049880

Metabolic engineering of a 1,2-propanediol pathway in Escherichia coli

1999

Altaras, N.E.; Cameron, D.C.

Appl. Environ. Microbiol.

65

1180-1185

137618

9489667

From famine to feast: the role of methylglyoxal production in Escherichia coli

1998

Tötemeyer, S.; Booth, N.A.; Nichols, W.W.; Dunbar, B.; Booth, I.R.

Mol. Microbiol.

27

553-562

207968

14323585

The metabolism of lactaldehyde: VII. The oxidation of D-lactaldehyde in rat liver

1965

Ting, S.M.; Miller, O.N.; Sellinger, O.Z.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

97

407-415

207969

6386056

Purification and partial characterization of a methylglyoxal reductase from goat liver

1984

Ray, M.; Ray, S.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

802

119-127

207971

3896793

Metabolism of 2-oxoaldehyde in yeasts. Purification and characterization of NADPH-dependent methylglyoxal-reducing enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1985

Murata, K.; Fukuda, Y.; Simosaka, M.; Watanabe, K.; Saikusa, T.; Kimura, A.

Eur. J. Biochem.

151

631-636

207972

3911895

Phenotypic character of the methylglyoxal resistance gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: expression in Escherichia coli and application to breeding wild-type yeast strains

1985

Murata, K.; Fukuda, Y.; Shimosaka, M.; Watanabe, K.; Saikusa, T.; Kimura, A.

Appl. Environ. Microbiol.

50

1200-1207

207973

-

Metabolism of alpha-ketoglutarate in yeasts: inducible formation of methylglyoxal reductase and its relation to growth arrest of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1986

Murata, K.; Inoue, Y.; Saikusa, T.; Watanabe, K.; Fukuda, Y.; Shimosaka, M.; Kimura, A.

J. Ferment. Technol.

64

1-4

207974

3276516

Metabolism of 2-oxoaldehyde in mold. Purification and characterization of two methylglyoxal reductases from Aspergillus niger

1988

Inoue, Y.; Rhee, H.; Watanabe, K.; Murata, K.; Kimura, A.

Eur. J. Biochem.

171

213-218

207975

-

Purification and partial characterization of NADH-dependent methylglyoxal-reducing enzyme from porcine liver

1988

Kato, H.; Miyauchi, Y.; Nishimura, T.; Liang, Z.Q.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

52

2641-2642

207976

-

Metabolism of 2-oxoaldehydes in bacteria: purification and characterization of methylglyoxal reductase from Escherichia coli

1987

Saikusa, T.; Rhee, H.; Watanabe, K.; Murata, K.; Kimura, A.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

51

1893-1899

207977

-

Purification and characterization of methylglyoxal reductase from Hansenula mrakii

1991

Inoue, Y.; Tran Linh, T.; Yoshikawa, K.; Murata, K.; Kimura, A.

J. Ferment. Bioeng.

71

134-136

246375

-

Purificationa nd characterization of yeast 3-methyl butanal reductases involved in the removal of wort carbonyls during fermentation

1997

Van Nedervelde, L.; Verlingen, V.; Philipp, D.; Debourg, A.

Proc. Congr. Eur. Brew. Conv.

26

447-454

246412

2040298

Purification, characterization and some properties of diacetyl(acetoin) reductase from Enterobacter aerogenes

1991

Carballo, J.; Martin, R.; Bernardo, A.; Gonzalez, J.

Eur. J. Biochem.

198

327-332

285627

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Purification and characterization of NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and NADH-dependent 2-oxoaldehyde reductase from parsley

1990

Liang, Z.Q.; Hayase, F.; Nishimura, T.; Kato, H.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

54

1717-1719

285715

3888978

L-Threonine dehydrogenase from goat liver

1985

Ray, M.; Ray, S.

J. Biol. Chem.

260

5913-5918

285999

7484385

Substrate specificity and kinetic mechanism of Tetrahymena 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

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Hara, A.; Inazu, A.; Deyashiki, Y.; Nozawa, Y.

Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.

372

249-258

286000

8977402

Expression, purification and characterization of the rat luteal 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

1997

Mao, J.; Duan, R.W.; Zhong, L.; Gibori, G.; Azhar, S.

Endocrinology

138

182-190

286021

3904835

Carbonyl reductase activity of sepiapterin reductase from rat erythrocytes

1985

Sueoka, T.; Katoh, S.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

843

193-198

286031

-

Isolation and characterization of sepiapterin reductase from Drosophila melanogaster

1993

Yoon, K.H.; Cha, K.W.; Park, S.I.; Yim, J.J.

Pteridines

4

43-50

286040

2621446

Purification and properties of glycerol:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase from Schizisaccharomyces pombe

1989

Marshall, J.H.; Kong, Y.C.; Sloan, J.; May, J.W.

J. Gen. Microbiol.

135

697-701

286042

4146296

NADP specific dihydroxyacetone reductase from Dunaliella parva

1973

Amotz-Ben, A.; Avron, M.

FEBS Lett.

29

153-155

286134

7018582

Purification and some properties of L-glycol dehydrogenase from hens muscle

1981

Bernardo, A.; Burgos, J.; Martin, R.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

659

189-198

286136

6347069

Kinetics of alpha-dicarbonyls reduction by L-glycol dehydrogenase from hen muscle

1983

Prieto, J.G.; Sarmiento, R.M.; Burgos, J.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

224

372-377

286137

8500982

Kinetics of alpha-dicarbonyls reduction by L-glycol dehydrogenase (NAD+) from Enterobacter aerogenes

1993

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Ital. J. Biochem.

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79-89

286150

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Inhibition of human aldehyde reductase by drugs for testing the function of liver and kidney

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Biol. Pharm. Bull.

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286165

4402936

Triphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked aldehyde reductase I. Purification and properties of the enzyme from pig kidney cortex

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217

4480-4485

286168

16919

Purification and properties of NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase from human liver

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J. Biol. Chem.

252

3821-3828

286181

6753936

Purification and properties of human liver aldehyde reductases

1982

Petrash, J.M.; Srivastava, S.K.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

707

105-114

286184

6343086

Isolation and characterization of multiforms of aldehyde reductase in chicken kidney

1983

Hara, A.; Deyashiki, Y.; Nakayama, T.; Sawada, H.

Eur. J. Biochem.

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207-214

286194

-

A novel NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase, catalyzing asymmetric reduction of beta-keto acid esters, from Sporobolomyces salmonicolor: purification and characterization

1990

Yamada, H.; Shimizu, S.; Kataoka, M.; Sakai, H.; Miyoshi, T.

FEMS Microbiol. Lett.

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45-48

286204

9693960

Mitochondrial aldehyde reductase: identification and characterization in rat liver and kidney cortex

1998

Udovikova, E.A.; Wojtczak, L.

Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.

30

597-608

286238

16664750

Purification and properties of an NADPH-aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase) from Euonymus japonica leaves

1986

Negm, F.B.

Plant Physiol.

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286258

11306077

Structural and functional properties of alsode xylose reductase from the D-xylose-metabolizing Candida tenuis

2001

Nidetzky, B.; Mayr, P.; Neuhauser, W.; Puchberger, M.

Chem. Biol. Interact.

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583-595

286260

9307017

NAD(P)H-dependent aldose reductase from the xylose-assimilating yeast Candida tenuis

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Biochem. J.

326

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286263

7961617

Purification and properties of six aldo-keto reductases from rat adrenal gland

1994

Inazu, N.; Nagashima, Y.; Satoh, T.; Fujii, T.

J. Biochem.

115

991-999

287106

1377683

Pig testicular 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase exhibits carbonyl reductase-like structure and activity

1992

Tanaka, M.; Ohno, S.; Adachi, S.; Nakajin, S.; Shinoda, M.; Nagahama, Y.

J. Biol. Chem.

267

13451-13455

287278

2185955

A novel NADPH/NADH-dependent aldehyde reduction enzyme isolated from the tapeworm Moniezia expansa

1990

Brophy, P.M.; Crowley, P.; Barrett, J.

FEBS Lett.

263

305-307

287283

7144572

Glycerol dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle

1982

Flynn, T.G.; Cromlish, J.A.

Methods Enzymol.

89

237-242

287286

4400494

Purification and properties of an NADP+ -dependent glycerol dehydrogenase from rabbit skeletal muscle

1972

Kormann, A.W.; Hurst, R.O.; Flynn, T.G.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

258

40-55

287289

2200840

Purification and properties of NADP(+)-dependent glycerol dehydrogenases from Aspergillus nidulans and A. niger

1990

Schuurink, R.; Busink, R.; Hondmann, D.H.A.; Witteveen, C.F.B.; Visser, J.

J. Gen. Microbiol.

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287570

11759680

Highly efficient Aerococcus viridians L-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase production in the presence of H2O2-decomposing agent: purification and kinetic characterization

2001

Streitenberger, S.A.; Lopez-Mas, J.A.; Sanchez-Ferrer, A.; Garcia-Carmona, J.A.

Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

57

329-333

287862

2177826

Formaldehyde dehydrogenase from methylotrophic yeasts

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Kato, N.

Methods Enzymol.

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287864

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Formaldehyde dehydrogenase

1966

Rose, Z.B.; Racker, E.

Methods Enzymol.

9

357-360

287867

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Microbial oxidation of methanol: purification and properties of formaldehyde dehydrogenase from a Pichia sp. NRRL-Y-11328

1983

Patel, R.N.; Hou, C.T.; Derelanko, P.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

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287869

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Formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii

1982

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89

527-531

287870

7329309

Formaldehyde dehydrogenase

1981

Uotila, L.; Koivusalo, M.

Methods Enzymol.

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Formaldehyde dehydrogenase from formaldehyde-resistant Debaryomyces vanriji FT-1 and Pseudomonas putida F61

1983

Kato, N.; Miyawaki, N.; Sakazawa, C.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

47

415-416

287888

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Formaldehyde dehydrogenase from human liver. Purification, properties, and evidence for the formation of glutathione thiol esters by the enzyme

1974

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J. Biol. Chem.

249

7653-7663

287889

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Purification and properties of formaldehyde dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii

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Schuette, H.; Flossdorf, J.; Sahm, H.; Kula, M.R.

Eur. J. Biochem.

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287890

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Substrate specificity of bovine liver formaldehyde dehydrogenase

1986

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261

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288133

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Involvement of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase in several metabolic pathways of Escherichia coli K12

1987

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288137

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Purification of alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase from the human liver and its possible significance in the control of glycation

1989

Oimomi, M.; Hata, F.; Nakamichi, T.; Baba, S.; Kato, H.

Experientia

45

463-466

288138

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Metabolism of 2-ketoaldehydes in bacteria: oxidative conversion of methylglyoxal to pyruvate by an enzyme from Pseudomonas putida

1987

Rhee, H.; Watanabe, K.; Murata, K.; Kimura, A.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

51

1059-1066

288139

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Glucose formation from methylglyoxal in rat hepatocytes

1985

Saez, G.T.; Blay, P.; Vina, J.R.; Vina, J.

Biochem. Soc. Trans.

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945-946

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7107625

Purification and characterization of NAD and NADP-linked alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenases involved in catalyzing the oxidation of methylglyoxal to pyruvate

1982

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257

10566-10570

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On the interaction of nucleotides and glycolytic intermediates with NAD-linked alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase

1982

Ray, M.; Ray, S.

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