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Ligand D-galactopyranuronic acid

Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

Pathway Source

Pathways

BRENDA

ascorbate metabolism, degradation of sugar acids

KEGG

ABC transporters, Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, Biosynthesis of cofactors, Biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars, Pentose and glucuronate interconversions more

MetaCyc

rhamnogalacturonan type I degradation I

Show all BRENDA pathways known for D-galactopyranuronic acid

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (10 results)

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Show Natural Substrate (10 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonate + NAD+ + H2O = D-galactarate + NADH + H+

725435, 286230

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonate + NAD+ + H2O = D-galactaric acid + NADH + H+

761830

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonate + NAD+ = D-galactaro-1,5-lactone + NADH + H+

759581

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ = L-galactonate + NADP+

743517

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonic acid + NAD+ + H2O = D-galactaric acid + NADH + H+

760723

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonic acid + NADPH = L-galactonate + NADP+

761270

-

1.1.1.203

6 entries

1.1.1.365

D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ = L-galactonate + NADP+

724580, 721358, 722316, 723997, 726022, 726236, 715098, 741576, 741553, 743465, 742938, 741550, 763698

-

2.7.1.44

ATP + D-galacturonate = ADP + 1-phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate

637498

-

5.3.1.12

D-Galacturonate = ?

2619

-

5.3.1.12

D-Galacturonate = D-Tagaturonate

702345

-

5.3.1.12

2 entries

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (9 results)

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Show Natural Product (9 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.365

L-galactonate + NAD+ = D-galacturonate + NADH + H+

0

-

1.1.1.365

L-galactonate + NADP+ = D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+

0

-

3.2.1.67

[(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]n + H2O = [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]n-1 + D-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.67

citric pectin + H2O = galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

citrus pectin + H2O = galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

pectin + H2O = galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

polygalacturonan + H2O = alpha-1,4-D-galacturonide + galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

polygalacturonic acid + H2O = galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

polygalacturonic acid + H2O = galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

1.1.1.365

2 entries

3.2.1.67

7 entries

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (28 results)

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Show Substrate (28 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.19

D-galacturonate + NADH + H+ = L-galactonate + NAD+

761270

-

1.1.1.19

D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ = L-galactonate + NADP+

761270

-

1.1.1.19

D-galacturonate + NADPH = ?

286140, 286141

-

1.1.1.19

3 entries

1.1.1.2

D-galacturonate + NADPH = ? + NADP+

286184

-

1.1.1.20

D-galacturonic acid + NADPH = ?

286222

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonate + NAD+ + H2O = D-galactarate + NADH + H+

286231, 698607, 725435, 286230

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonate + NAD+ + H2O = D-galactaric acid + NADH + H+

761830

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonate + NAD+ = D-galactaro-1,5-lactone + NADH + H+

759581

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonate + NADP+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+

743517

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ = L-galactonate + NADP+

743517

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonic acid + D-xylose = mucic acid + ?

761837

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonic acid + lactose = mucic acid + ?

761837

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonic acid + NAD+ + H2O = D-galactaric acid + NADH + H+

760723

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonic acid + NAD+ = D-galactaric acid + NADH + H+

762511

-

1.1.1.203

D-galacturonic acid + NADPH = L-galactonate + NADP+

761270

-

1.1.1.365

D-galacturonate + NADH + H+ = L-galactonate + NAD+

722316, 724580

-

1.1.1.365

D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+ = L-galactonate + NADP+

724580, 721358, 722316, 723997, 724270, 726022, 726236, 715098, 741576, 741553, 743465, 742938, 741550, 763698

-

1.1.1.203

10 entries

1.1.1.365

2 entries

2.7.1.43

ATP + D-galacturonate = ADP + 1-phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate

738048

-

2.7.1.44

ATP + D-galacturonate = ADP + 1-phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate

637498

-

2.7.1.44

D-galacturonate + ATP = 1-phospho-alpha-D-galacturonate + ADP

704516

-

2.7.1.6

ATP + D-galacturonic acid = ADP + alpha-D-galacturonic acid 1-phosphate

721979

-

2.7.1.6

ATP + D-galacturonic acid = ADP + D-galacturonic acid 1-phosphate

759133

-

2.7.1.44

2 entries

2.7.1.6

2 entries

4.2.1.42

D-galacturonate = 3-deoxy-D-xylo-hexarate + 3-deoxy-D-lyxo-hexarate + H2O

729259

-

4.2.1.9

D-Galacturonate = ?

680539

-

4.2.2.10

galacturonic acid = ?

701776

-

4.2.2.9

galacturonic acid = ?

669558

-

5.3.1.12

D-Galacturonate = ?

2619

-

5.3.1.12

D-Galacturonate = D-Tagaturonate

2621, 2618, 690912, 702345, 2619, 2620

-

5.3.1.12

2 entries

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (92 results)

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Show Product (92 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.203

L-galactonate + NADP+ = D-galacturonic acid + NADPH

0

-

1.1.1.365

L-galactonate + NAD+ = D-galacturonate + NADH + H+

0

-

1.1.1.365

L-galactonate + NADP+ = D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+

0

-

1.1.1.365

2 entries

3.1.1.117

methyl-D-galacturonate + H2O = methanol + galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.15

polygalacturonate + H2O = D-(+)-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.15

citrus pectin + H2O = D-(+)-galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.15

polygalacturonic acid + H2O = D-(+)-galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.15

alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + H2O = alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-D-galacturonate + D-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.15

alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + H2O = alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + D-galacturonate

0, 135824, 135834

-

3.2.1.15

polygalacturonate + H2O = D-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.15

alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.15

poly-D-galacturonic acid + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.15

polygalacturonate + H2O = trigalacturonate + digalactuornate + D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.15

polygalacturonic acid + H2O = D-galacturonic acid + di-galacturonic acid + tri-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.15

alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + H2O = alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.15

alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + H2O = digalacturonic acid + galacturonate

0, 135824

-

3.2.1.15

alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + H2O = alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.15

alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + H2O = alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.15

alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + H2O = alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.15

alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + H2O = alpha-D-galacturonosyl-(1,4)-O-alpha-D-galacturonate + galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.15

pentagalacturonate + H2O = trigalacturonate + digalacturonate + tetragalacturonate + galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.15

polygalacturonate + H2O = galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.15

tetragalacturonate + H2O = trigalacturonate + galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.15

pectin + H2O = galacturonic acid + digalacturonic acid + trigalacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.15

polygalacturonic acid + H2O = digalacturonic acid + galacturonic acid + trigalacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.15

polygalacturonic acid + H2O = galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.15

polygalacturonic acid + H2O = galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.15

23 entries

3.2.1.40

polygalacturonic acid + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

[(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]2 + H2O = 2 D-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.67

digalacturonate + H2O = 2 galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.67

digalacturonic acid + H2O = 2 galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)5 + H2O = D-galactopyranuronic acid

136795

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)4 + H2O = D-galacturonate

136786, 0

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)n + H2O = D-galacturonate + digalacturonic acid + trigalacturonic acid

136785, 136789, 136774, 136777, 136784, 136786, 136795, 136778, 37374, 114101, 136790, 136788, 136783, 0, 136781, 136775, 136773, 136776, 135831, 136782

-

3.2.1.67

[(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]170 + H2O = [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]169 + D-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.67

[(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]3 + H2O = [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]2 + D-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.67

[(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]4 + H2O = [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]3 + D-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.67

[(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]5 + H2O = [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]4 + D-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.67

[(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]6 + H2O = [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]5 + D-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.67

[(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]7 + H2O = [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]6 + D-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.67

[(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]8 + H2O = [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]7 + D-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.67

[(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]n + H2O = [(1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonide]n-1 + D-galacturonate

0

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)2 + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

136785, 136789, 0

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)3 + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)4 + H2O = (1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)3 + D-galacturonic acid

136784, 0, 136789

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)4 + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)5 + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)5 + H2O = D-galacturonic acid + (1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)2 + (1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)3 + (1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)4

136776, 0

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)6 + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)6 + H2O = D-galacturonic acid + (1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)5

0, 136773

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)7 + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)8 + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)n + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0, 136788

-

3.2.1.67

alpha-1,4-polygalacturonic acid = D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

citric pectin + H2O = D-galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

esterified pectin + H2O = D-galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

GalAalpha(1->4)GalAalpha(1->4)GalA + H2O = GalAalpha(1->4)GalA + D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

oligo-D-galacturonate + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0, 136786, 136789

-

3.2.1.67

p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranuronide + H2O = D-galacturonic acid + 4-nitrophenol

0, 136788

-

3.2.1.67

pectic acid + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

pectic acid + H2O = D-galacturonic acid + ?

136773, 0, 136776, 136794, 136785, 114101

-

3.2.1.67

pectin + H2O = D-galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

pectin + H2O = digalacturonate + D-galacturonic acid

0, 136792, 136778

-

3.2.1.67

pectin + H2O = digalacturonate + D-galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

polygalacturonate + H2O = D-galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

polygalacturonic acid + H2O = D-galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

sodium polypectate + H2O = D-galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide)3 + H2O = galacturonic acid

0, 136789

-

3.2.1.67

apple pectin + H2O = galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

apple pectin + H2O = galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

citric pectin + H2O = galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

citrus pectin + H2O = galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

citrus pectin DE 30% + H2O = galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

citrus pectin DE 72% + H2O = galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

citrus pectin DE 85% + H2O = galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

methylated pectin + H2O = galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

pectin + H2O = galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

polygalacturonan + H2O = alpha-1,4-D-galacturonide + galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

polygalacturonate + H2O = galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

polygalacturonate = galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

polygalacturonic acid + H2O = galacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

polygalacturonic acid + H2O = galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

sodium polypectate + H2O = galacturonic acid + ?

0

-

3.2.1.67

tetragalacturonic acid + H2O = galacturonic acid + trigalacturonic acid

0

-

3.2.1.67

trigalacturonic acid + H2O = digalacturonic acid + galacturonic acid

0

-

4.2.2.2

tetragalacturonic acid = altered trigalacturonic acid + digalacturonic acid + altered digalacturionic acid + D-galacturonic acid

0, 37381

4ew9, 3D-view

4.2.2.2

reduced tetragalacturonic acid = galacturonic acid + reduced trigalacturonic acid

37381

-

4.2.2.2

trigalacturonic acid = altered digalacturonic acid + galacturonic acid

37381, 0

-

4.2.2.6

4-O-(4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranuronic acid = 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronic acid + D-galacturonic acid

34105

-

4.2.2.6

digalacturonic acid = 4-deoxy-5-keto-D-glucuronic acid + galacturonic acid

34106

-

4.2.2.6

trigalacturonic acid = 4-deoxy-5-keto-D-glucuronic acid + digalacturonic acid + galacturonic acid

34106

-

3.2.1.67

57 entries

4.2.2.2

3 entries

4.2.2.6

3 entries

7.5.2.2

ATP + H2O + galacturonic acid-[galacturonic acid-binding protein][side 1] = ADP + phosphate + galacturonic acid[side 2] + [galacturonic acid-binding protein][side 1]

0

-

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (18 results)

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Show Inhibitors (18 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.19

reaction with galacturonate displays marked substrate inhibition

761270

-

1.1.1.203

-

761270

-

1.1.3.9

66.8% inhibition at 0.25 mM

389866

-

3.1.1.11

slight

114125

-

3.1.1.3

-

693794

-

3.2.1.15

-

135847

-

3.2.1.15

inhibition of pectic acid liquefying activity, no inhibition of protopectinase activity

135818

-

3.2.1.180

5 mM, 99% inhibition

709026

-

3.2.1.180

5 mM, complete inhibition

709026

-

3.2.1.67

-

136795, 136797

-

3.2.1.67

catabolite repression, completely inhibited, inhibitory constant 0.3 mM

136796

-

3.2.1.67

product inhibition

731158

-

3.2.1.67

-

751540

-

3.2.1.67

product inhibition

749629

-

3.2.1.15

2 entries

3.2.1.180

2 entries

3.2.1.67

5 entries

4.2.2.24

5 mM, 41% loss of activity

707221

-

4.2.2.3

-

682820

-

4.2.2.B7

1 mM, 93% inhibition

749273

-

5.1.3.3

competitive

2369

-

3D Structure of Enzyme-Ligand-Complex (PDB) (1 result)

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Show 3D Structure of Enzyme-Ligand-Complex (PDB) (1 entry)

EC NUMBER

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

4.2.2.2

4ew9, 3D-view

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (15 results)

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Show Turnover Number (15 entries)

EC NUMBER

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/S]

TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM [1/S]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.1.1.19

4.5

-

pH 7.5, 37°C, cosubstrate: NADH, spectrometric assay

761270

1.1.1.19

8.9

-

pH 7.5, 37°C, cosubstrate: NADPH, spectrometric assay

761270

1.1.1.19

13.6

-

pH 7.5, 37°C, cosubstrate: NADPH, HPLC assay

761270

1.1.1.19

18.5

-

pH 7.5, 37°C, cosubstrate: NADH, HPLC assay

761270

1.1.1.203

0.24

-

-

698607

1.1.1.203

0.3

-

-

698607

1.1.1.203

0.92

-

-

698607

1.1.1.203

13.6

-

with NADPH as cosubstrate, at pH 7.5 and 25°C

761270

1.1.1.203

18.5

-

with NADH as cosubstrate, at pH 7.5 and 25°C

761270

1.1.1.203

26.7

-

-

286231

1.1.1.203

58.333

-

at pH 7.0 and 60°C

762511

1.1.1.365

0.19

-

in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), at 25°C

724580

1.1.1.365

5.45

-

with NADH as cosubstrate, in 10 mM sodium phosphate, at pH 7.2 and 22°C

722316

1.1.1.365

6.88

-

with NADPH as cosubstrate, in 10 mM sodium phosphate, at pH 7.2 and 22°C

722316

1.1.1.19

4 entries

1.1.1.203

7 entries

1.1.1.365

3 entries

5.3.1.12

2.4

-

at 30°C, pH 8.0

690912

K_M Value (25 results)

top print hide

Show KM Value (25 entries)

EC NUMBER

KM VALUE [MM]

KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.1.1.19

0.57

-

pH 7.5, 37°C, cosubstrate: NADPH, spectrometric assay

761270

1.1.1.19

0.95

-

pH 7.5, 37°C, cosubstrate: NADPH, HPLC assay

761270

1.1.1.19

1.96

-

pH 7.5, 37°C, cosubstrate: NADH, spectrometric assay

761270

1.1.1.19

3.15

-

pH 7.5, 37°C, cosubstrate: NADH, HPLC assay

761270

1.1.1.19

4 entries

1.1.1.2

1.1

-

AR1

286184

1.1.1.20

4

-

-

286222

1.1.1.203

0.04

-

-

698607

1.1.1.203

0.054

-

-

286231

1.1.1.203

0.057

-

-

286230

1.1.1.203

0.1

-

-

698607

1.1.1.203

0.115

-

at pH 7.0 and 60°C

762511

1.1.1.203

0.16

-

-

698607

1.1.1.203

0.95

-

with NADPH as cosubstrate, at pH 7.5 and 25°C

761270

1.1.1.203

3.15

-

with NADH as cosubstrate, at pH 7.5 and 25°C

761270

1.1.1.365

0.175

-

with NADPH as cosubstrate, in 10 mM sodium phosphate, at pH 7.2 and 22°C

722316

1.1.1.365

1.4

-

isoform GAR2, 10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, at 22°C

715098

1.1.1.365

2.5

-

isoform GAR1, 10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, at 22°C

715098

1.1.1.365

3.79

-

in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2), at 25°C

724580

1.1.1.365

6

-

in 100 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.0), at 22°C

724270

1.1.1.365

7.11

-

with NADH as cosubstrate, in 10 mM sodium phosphate, at pH 7.2 and 22°C

722316

2.7.1.44

0.0708

-

wild-type protein

704516

2.7.1.44

0.395

-

Y250F mutant protein

704516

5.3.1.12

0.05

-

at 30°C, pH 8.0

690912

5.3.1.12

0.8

-

strain Hfr P4X

2621

5.3.1.12

1.65

-

-

2619

1.1.1.203

8 entries

1.1.1.365

6 entries

2.7.1.44

2 entries

5.3.1.12

3 entries

K_i Value (4 results)

top print hide

Show KI Value (4 entries)

EC NUMBER

KI VALUE [MM]

KI VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

3.2.1.67

0.000128

-

at pH 7.0 and 25°C

749629

3.2.1.67

0.0079

-

at pH 6.0 and 40°C

751540

3.2.1.67

0.501

-

isozyme RPG16, pH 4.0, 30°C

731158

3.2.1.67

0.886

-

isozyme RPG15, pH 4.0, 30°C

731158

3.2.1.67

4 entries

References & Links

Literature References (85)

top print hide

Show Reference (85 entries)

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PUBMED ID

TITLE

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AUTHORS

JOURNAL

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Purification and characterization of pectinesterase and polygalacturonase from Trichoderma reesei

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Purification and characterization of another D-galacturonase from Aspergillus niger

1977

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Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun.

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135831

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Separation and characterization of endopolygalacturonase and exopolygalacturonase from peaches

1973

Pressey, R.; Avants, J.K.

Plant Physiol.

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135834

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Properties of a polygalacturonase produced by Acrocylindrium

1973

Kimura, H.; Uchino, F.; Mizushima, S.

J. Gen. Microbiol.

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135847

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1994

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136773

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Polygalcturonase in pollen from corn and other grasses

1989

Pressey,R.; Reger, B.J.

Plant Sci.

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136774

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Galacturan 1,4-alpha-galacturonidase from carrot Daucus carota and liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

1988

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161

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136775

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In vitro and in vivo production of pectolytic enzymes by some phytopathogenic fungi

1987

Ikotun, T.; Balogun, O.

J. Basic Microbiol.

27

347-354

136776

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Exopolygalacturonase in tomato fruit

1987

Pressey, R.

Phytochemistry

26

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136777

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Immobilization of exo-D-galacturonanase by coupling to a polyacrylamide type support

1986

Heinrichova, K.; Lehoczki, M.; Zliechovcova, D.

J. Gen. Microbiol.

131

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136778

4056742

An exo-D-galacturonanase of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens from the bovine rumen

1985

Heinrichova, K.; Wojciechowicz, M.; Ziolecki, A.

J. Gen. Microbiol.

131

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136781

16663197

Exopolygalacturonase from suspension cultures of Marchantia polymorpha

1983

Konno, H.; Yamasaki, Y.; Katoh, K.

Plant Physiol.

73

216-222

136782

-

Purification and a partial characterization of exo-D-galacturonanase of banana

1982

Heinrichova, K.

Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun.

47

2433-2439

136783

-

Exopolygalacturonase of apple

1978

Bartley, I.M.

Phytochemistry

17

213-216

136784

-

Isolation, characterization and mode of action of exo-D-galacturonanase from carrot

1977

Heinrichova, K.

Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun.

42

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136785

2310

Purification and characterization of an extracellular exo-D-galacturonanase of Aspergillus niger

1976

Heinrichova, K.; Rexova-Benkova, L.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

422

349-356

136786

-

Modes of action of carrot and peach exopolygalacturonases

1975

Pressey, R.; Avants, J.K.

Phytochemistry

14

957-961

136788

-

Four glycosidases secreted by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

1972

Keegstra, K.; English, P.D.; Albersheim, P.

Phytochemistry

11

1873-1880

136789

5661621

Isolation of an oligogalacturonate hydrolase from a Bacillus species

1968

Hasegawa, S.; Nagel, C.W.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

124

513-520

136790

-

Pectic activities from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis: Purification and characterization of an exopolygalacturonase

1991

Martinez, M.J.; Alconada, M.T.; Gillen, F.; Vasquez, C.; Reyes, F.

FEMS Microbiol. Lett.

81

145-150

136792

-

Production and properties of a nexopolygalacturonic acid hydrolase from Geotrichum lactis

1992

Pardo, C.; Gacto, M.

Microbios

71

193-202

136794

-

Purification and characterization of an exopolygalacturonase produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici

1993

Vasquez, C.; Patino, B.; Martinez, M.J.

FEMS Microbiol. Lett.

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193-196

136795

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Inhibition of exopolxgalacturonase from carrot by reaction products and by their basic analogues

1995

Dzurova, M.; Linek, K.; Stratilova, E.

Biologia (Bratisl. )

50

595-599

136796

8856078

Primary structure and characterization of an exopolygalacturonase from Aspergillus tubingensis

1996

Kester, H.C.M.; Kusters-Van Someren, M.A.; Mueller, Y.; Visser, J.

Eur. J. Biochem.

240

738-746

136797

-

The exopolygalacturonase from Aspergillus tubingensis is also active on xylogalacturonan

1999

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286140

-

Ascorbic acid synthesis in animal tissue I. TPN-L-gulonate dehydrogenase

1963

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334-337

286141

13787380

TPN-L-gulonate dehydrogenase

1961

York, J.L.; Grollman, A.P.; Bublitz, C.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

47

298-306

286184

6343086

Isolation and characterization of multiforms of aldehyde reductase in chicken kidney

1983

Hara, A.; Deyashiki, Y.; Nakayama, T.; Sawada, H.

Eur. J. Biochem.

133

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286222

6706910

Enzymatic determination of free glucoronic acid with glucuronolactone reductase. I. isolation and purification of glucoronolactone reductase from rat kidney

1984

Hayashi, S.; Watanabe, M.; Kimura, A.

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286230

4392089

Purification and properties of uronate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas syringae

1970

Bateman, D.F.; Kosuge, T.; Kilgore, W.W.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

136

97-105

286231

2471

Uronic acid dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas syringae. Purification and properties

1976

Wagner, G.; Hollmann, S.

Eur. J. Biochem.

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389866

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Kinetic properties of galactose oxidase from Gibberella fujikuroi

1984

Aisaka, K.; Uwajima, T.; Terada, O.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

48

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14479161

Phosphorylation of D-galacturonic acid by extracts from germinating seeds of Phaseolus aureus

1961

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669558

16337707

Purification and characterization of a novel pectinase from Acrophialophora nainiana with emphasis on its physicochemical properties

2006

Celestino, S.M.; Maria de Freitas, S.; Javier Medrano, F.; Valle de Sousa, M.; Filho, E.X.

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123

33-42

680539

16567425

Catalytic promiscuity in dihydroxy-acid dehydratase from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus

2006

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J. Biochem.

139

591-596

682820

16545947

A biosystem for alginate metabolism in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58: molecular identification of Atu3025 as an exotype family PL-15 alginate lyase

2006

Ochiai, A.; Hashimoto, W.; Murata, K.

Res. Microbiol.

157

642-649

690912

18171028

At the periphery of the amidohydrolase superfamily: Bh0493 from Bacillus halodurans catalyzes the isomerization of D-galacturonate to D-tagaturonate

2008

Nguyen, T.T.; Brown, S.; Fedorov, A.A.; Fedorov, E.V.; Babbitt, P.C.; Almo, S.C.; Raushel, F.M.

Biochemistry

47

1194-1206

693794

19001774

Inhibitory effect of pectin from the segment membrane of citrus fruits on lipase activity

2008

Edashige, Y.; Murakami, N.; Tsujita, T.

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54

409-415

698607

19060141

Cloning and characterization of uronate dehydrogenases from two pseudomonads and Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58

2009

Yoon, S.H.; Moon, T.S.; Iranpour, P.; Lanza, A.M.; Prather, K.J.

J. Bacteriol.

191

1565-1573

701776

-

Pectin lyase from Aspergillus giganteus: Comparative study of productivity of submerged fermentation on citrus pectin and orange waste

2009

Pedrolli, D.; Carmona, E.

Appl. Biochem. Microbiol.

45

610-616

702345

19678710

The mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by uronate isomerase illustrates how an isomerase may have evolved from a hydrolase within the amidohydrolase superfamily

2009

Nguyen, T.T.; Fedorov, A.A.; Williams, L.; Fedorov, E.V.; Li, Y.; Xu, C.; Almo, S.C.; Raushel, F.M.

Biochemistry

48

8879-8890

704516

19509290

Identification of galacturonic acid-1-phosphate kinase, a new member of the GHMP kinase superfamily in plants, and comparison with galactose-1-phosphate kinase

2009

Yang, T.; Bar-Peled, L.; Gebhart, L.; Lee, S.G.; Bar-Peled, M.

J. Biol. Chem.

284

21526-21535

707221

17449691

Plant cell wall degradation by saprophytic Bacillus subtilis strains: gene clusters responsible for rhamnogalacturonan depolymerization

2007

Ochiai, A.; Itoh, T.; Kawamata, A.; Hashimoto, W.; Murata, K.

Appl. Environ. Microbiol.

73

3803-3813

709026

19416976

Substrate spcificity of streptococcal unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolases for sulfated glycosaminoglycan

2009

Maruyama, Y.; Nakamichi, Y.; Itoh, T.; Mikami, B.; Hashimoto, W.; Murata, K.

J. Biol. Chem.

284

18059-18069

715098

21683149

The D-galacturonic acid catabolic pathway in Botrytis cinerea

2011

Zhang, L.; Thiewes, H.; van Kan, J.A.

Fungal Genet. Biol.

48

990-997

721358

23042175

Engineering filamentous fungi for conversion of D-galacturonic acid to L-galactonic acid

2012

Kuivanen, J.; Mojzita, D.; Wang, Y.; Hilditch, S.; Penttilä, M.; Richard, P.; Wiebe, M.G.

Appl. Environ. Microbiol.

78

8676-8683

721979

22633137

A highly efficient galactokinase from Bifidobacterium infantis with broad substrate specificity

2012

Li, L.; Liu, Y.; Wang, W.; Cheng, J.; Zhao, W.; Wang, P.

Carbohydr. Res.

355

35-39

722316

18768163

An evolutionary conserved D-galacturonic acid metabolic pathway operates across filamentous fungi capable of pectin degradation

2008

Martens-Uzunova, E.S.; Schaap, P.J.

Fungal Genet. Biol.

45

1449-1457

723997

19897761

Metabolic engineering of fungal strains for conversion of D-galacturonate to meso-galactarate

2010

Mojzita, D.; Wiebe, M.; Hilditch, S.; Boer, H.; Penttilae, M.; Richard, P.

Appl. Environ. Microbiol.

76

169-175

724270

16101307

Identification in the mold Hypocrea jecorina of the first fungal D-galacturonic acid reductase

2005

Kuorelahti, S.; Kalkkinen, N.; Penttilä, M.; Londesborough, J.; Richard, P.

Biochemistry

44

11234-11240

724580

17090924

Functional characterization of D-galacturonic acid reductase, a key enzyme of the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway, from Euglena gracilis

2006

Ishikawa, T.; Masumoto, I.; Iwasa, N.; Nishikawa, H.; Sawa, Y.; Shibata, H.; Nakamura, A.; Yabuta, Y.; Shigeoka, S.

Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.

70

2720-2726

725435

21676870

Crystal structure of uronate dehydrogenase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens

2011

Parkkinen, T.; Boer, H.; Jaenis, J.; Andberg, M.; Penttilae, M.; Koivula, A.; Rouvinen, J.

J. Biol. Chem.

286

27294-27300

726022

12524550

Engineering increased vitamin C levels in plants by overexpression of a D-galacturonic acid reductase

2003

Agius, F.; Gonzalez-Lamothe, R.; Caballero, J.L.; Munoz-Blanco, J.; Botella, M.A.; Valpuesta, V.

Nat. Biotechnol.

21

177-181

726236

100524804

Over-expression of strawberry D-galacturonic acid reductase in potato leads to accumulation of vitamin C with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance

2009

Hemavath, H.; Upadhyaya, C.; Young, K.; Akula, N.; Kim, H.; Heung, J.; Oh, O.; Aswath, C.; Chun, S.; Kim, D.; Park, S.

Plant Sci.

177

659-667

729259

24926996

Evolution of enzymatic activities in the enolase superfamily: galactarate dehydratase III from Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58

2014

Groninger-Poe, F.P.; Bouvier, J.T.; Vetting, M.W.; Kalyanaraman, C.; Kumar, R.; Almo, S.C.; Jacobson, M.P.; Gerlt, J.A.

Biochemistry

53

4192-4203

731158

23813338

Kinetic properties of two Rhizopus exo-polygalacturonase enzymes hydrolyzing galacturonic acid oligomers using isothermal titration calorimetry

2013

Mertens, J.A.

Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.

170

2009-2020

738048

25686901

Improved one-pot multienzyme (OPME) systems for synthesizing UDP-uronic acids and glucuronides

2015

Muthana, M.M.; Qu, J.; Xue, M.; Klyuchnik, T.; Siu, A.; Li, Y.; Zhang, L.; Yu, H.; Li, L.; Wang, P.G.; Chen, X.

Chem. Commun. (Camb.)

51

4595-4598

741550

-

Expression profiles of the genes involved in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis and recycling in Rosa roxburghii leaves of various ages

2017

Li, L.; Lu, M.; An, H.

Acta Physiol. Plant.

39

44

741553

-

Accumulation of vitamin C and enhanced tolerance to iron deficiency stress in transgenic tomato with GalUR gene

2013

Yang, J.; Liu, Y.; Huang, J.; Li, J.; Shi, Y.; Liu, Y.

Adv. Mater. Res.

749

277-282

741576

25177540

Overexpression of the Aspergillus niger GatA transporter leads to preferential use of D-galacturonic acid over D-xylose

2014

Sloothaak, J.; Schilders, M.; Schaap, P.J.; de Graaff, L.H.

AMB Express

4

66

742938

27259388

Fermentative production of L-galactonate by using recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the endogenous galacturonate reductase gene from Cryptococcus diffluens

2016

Matsubara, T.; Hamada, S.; Wakabayashi, A.; Kishida, M.

J. Biosci. Bioeng.

122

639-644

743465

-

Ectopic expression of FaGalUR leads to ascorbate accumulation with enhanced oxidative stress, cold, and salt tolerance in tomato

2015

Cai, X.; Zhang, C.; Ye, J.; Hu, T.; Ye, Z.; Li, H.; Zhang, Y.

Plant Growth Regul.

76

187-197

743517

23800662

Expression profiling of genes involved in ascorbate biosynthesis and recycling during fleshy root development in radish

2013

Xu, Y.; Zhu, X.; Chen, Y.; Gong, Y.; Liu, L.

Plant Physiol. Biochem.

70

269-277

749273

16545947

A biosystem for alginate metabolism in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58 molecular identification of Atu3025 as an exotype family PL-15 alginate lyase

2006

Ochiai, A.; Hashimoto, W.; Murata, K.

Res. Microbiol.

157

642-649

749629

28555295

Expression and characterization of hyperthermostable exopolygalacturonase RmGH28 from Rhodothermus marinus

2017

Wagschal, K.C.; Rose Stoller, J.; Chan, V.J.; Jordan, D.B.

Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.

183

1503-1515

751540

27209035

Expression and characterization of hyperthermostable exo-polygalacturonase TtGH28 from Thermotoga thermophilus

2016

Wagschal, K.; Rose Stoller, J.; Chan, V.J.; Lee, C.C.; Grigorescu, A.A.; Jordan, D.B.

Mol. Biotechnol.

58

509-519

759133

32732027

Substrate specificity of the galactokinase from the human gut symbiont Akkermansia muciniphila ATCC BAA-835

2020

Zhang, X.; Sheng, W.; Li, K.; Rong, Y.; Wu, Q.; Meng, Q.; Kong, Y.; Chen, M.

Enzyme Microb. Technol.

139

109568

759581

33057913

Production of d-Glyceric acid from d-Galacturonate in Escherichia coli

2020

Fox, K.; Prather, K.

J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

47

1075-1081

760723

-

Enhancing the thermostability and activity of uronate dehydrogenase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 by semi-rational engineering

2019

Su, H.; Peng, F.; Xu, P.; Wu, X.; Zong, M.; Yang, J.; Lou, W.

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

6

36

761270

31756465

Penicillium camemberti galacturonate reductase C-1 oxidation/reduction of uronic acids and substrate inhibition mitigation by aldonic acids

2020

Wagschal, K.; Jordan, D.B.; Hart-Cooper, W.M.; Chan, V.J.

Int. J. Biol. Macromol.

153

1090-1098

761830

28693605

Scaling up and scaling down the production of galactaric acid from pectin using Trichoderma reesei

2017

Paasikallio, T.; Huuskonen, A.; Wiebe, M.G.

Microb. Cell Fact.

16

119

761837

32736636

Engineering marine fungi for conversion of D-galacturonic acid to mucic acid

2020

Vidgren, V.; Halinen, S.; Tamminen, A.; Olenius, S.; Wiebe, M.G.

Microb. Cell Fact.

19

156

762511

29936649

Characterization of a uronate dehydrogenase from Thermobispora bispora for production of glucaric acid from hemicellulose substrate

2018

Li, Y.; Xue, Y.; Cao, Z.; Zhou, T.; Alnadari, F.

World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

34

102

763698

33149263

Engineering cofactor supply and NADH-dependent D-galacturonic acid reductases for redox-balanced production of L-galactonate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2020

Harth, S.; Wagner, J.; Sens, T.; Choe, J.Y.; Benz, J.P.; Weuster-Botz, D.; Oreb, M.

Sci. Rep.

10

19021

Links to other databases for D-galactopyranuronic acid

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ChEBI

PubChem