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• • Molecular Structure
  • Sum Formula
  • BRENDA Name
  • Synonyms
  • InChIKey
  • Pathways
• Roles as Enzyme Ligand
• • In Vivo Substrate
  • In Vivo Product
  • Substrate
  • Product
  • Cofactor
  • Activator
  • Inhibitor
  • Metals and Ions
  • 3D Structure (PDB)
• Enzyme Kinetic Parameters
• • k_cat Value (Turnover Number)
  • K_M Value
  • K_i Value
  • IC₅₀ Value
• References & Links
• • References
  • Links

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Ligand pheophorbide a

Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (2 results)

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Show Natural Substrate (2 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.14.15.17

pheophorbide a + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = red chlorophyll catabolite + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

676765, 736578, 737013

-

3.1.1.82

pheophorbide a + H2O = pyropheophorbide a + methanol + CO2

700621, 676447, 676327

-

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (4 results)

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Show Natural Product (4 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.3.1.75

2,4-divinyl chlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+ = 2-vinyl-4-ethyl chlorophyllide a + NADP+

639379, 639380, 639381

-

3.1.1.14

pheophytin a + H2O = phytol + pheophorbide

653440

-

4.99.1.10

chlorophylide a + 2 H+ = pheophorbide a + Mg2+

-

-

4.99.1.10

chlorophyllide a + 2 H+ = pheophorbide a + Mg2+

-

-

4.99.1.10

2 entries

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (4 results)

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Show Substrate (4 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.14.15.17

pheophorbide a + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 2 H+ + O2 = red chlorophyll catabolite + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

737013, 676765, 736578

-

1.14.15.17

pheophorbide a + NADPH + H+ + O2 = red chlorophyll catabolite + NADP+

674404, 676564

-

1.14.15.17

2 entries

2.5.1.62

pheophorbide a + geranylgeranyl diphosphate = ?

639809, 639810

-

3.1.1.82

pheophorbide a + H2O = pyropheophorbide a + methanol + CO2

676449, 700621, 731738, 676447, 676327, 676599, 732653

-

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (8 results)

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Show Product (8 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.3.1.75

2,4-divinyl chlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+ = 2-vinyl-4-ethyl chlorophyllide a + NADP+

639378, 639379, 639380, 639381

-

3.1.1.14

pheophytin + H2O = pheophorbide + ?

-

-

3.1.1.14

pheophytin + H2O = phytol + pheophorbide

652956

-

3.1.1.14

pheophytin a + H2O = phytol + pheophorbide

653048, 653440

-

3.1.1.14

pheophytin b + H2O = phytol + pheophorbide

653048

-

3.1.1.14

pheophytin a + H2O = pheophorbide a + phytol

-

-

4.99.1.10

chlorophylide a + 2 H+ = pheophorbide a + Mg2+

-

-

4.99.1.10

chlorophyllide a + 2 H+ = pheophorbide a + Mg2+

-

-

3.1.1.14

5 entries

4.99.1.10

2 entries

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (1 result)

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Show Inhibitors (1 entry)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

2.1.1.11

stronger inhibitor than the corresponding Mg-chelate

485107

-

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

K_M Value (8 results)

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Show KM Value (8 entries)

EC NUMBER

KM VALUE [MM]

KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.14.15.17

0.006

-

pH 7.0, 24°C, recombinant enzyme

676765

3.1.1.82

0.0125

-

pH 7.0

676447

3.1.1.82

0.0141

-

30°C, pH 7.0, Phedase type 1

676327

3.1.1.82

0.0141

-

PPD type 1

676599

3.1.1.82

0.0151

-

30°C, pH 7.0, Phedase type 2

676327

3.1.1.82

0.0151

-

PPD type 2

676599

3.1.1.82

0.283

-

-

676449

3.1.1.82

0.955

-

PPD-GST has about 6fold lower affinity for Pheid a than native PPDs

700621

3.1.1.82

7 entries

References & Links

Literature References (22)

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Show Reference (22 entries)

BRENDA REFERENCE ID

PUBMED ID

TITLE

YEAR

AUTHORS

JOURNAL

VOLUME

PAGES

485107

-

Biosynthesis and inhibition of (-)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine:magnesium protoporphyrin methyltransferase of wheat

1976

Ellsworth, R.K.; St.Pierre, M.E.

Photosynthetica

10

291-301

639378

16666133

Chloroplast biogenesis 60. Conversion of divinyl protochlorophyllide to monovinyl protochlorophyllide in green(ing) barley, a dark monovinyl/light divinyl plant species

1988

Tripathy, B.C.; Rebeiz, C.A.

Plant Physiol.

87

89-94

639379

1390630

Chloroplast biogenesis: [4-vinyl] chlorophyllide a reductase is a divinyl chlorophyllide a-specific, NADPH-dependent enzyme

1992

Parham, R.; Rebeiz, C.A.

Biochemistry

31

8460-8464

639380

8678296

Chloroplast biogenesis 72: a [4-vinyl]chlorophyllide a reductase assay using divinyl chlorophyllide a as an exogenous substrate

1995

Parham, R.; Rebeiz, C.A.

Anal. Biochem.

231

164-169

639381

11488624

Chloroplast biogenesis 84: solubilization and partial purification of membrane-bound [4-vinyl]chlorophyllide a reductase from etiolated barley leaves

2001

Kolossov, V.L.; Rebeiz, C.A.

Anal. Biochem.

295

214-219

639809

-

Various metallopheophorbides as substrates for chlorophyll synthetase

1992

Helfrich, M.; Ruediger, W.

Z. Naturforsch. C

47

231-238

639810

8306994

Chlorophyll synthetase cannot synthesize chlorophyll a'

1994

Helfrich, M.; Schoch, S.; Lempert, U.; Cmiel, E.; Ruediger, W.

Eur. J. Biochem.

219

267-275

652956

-

Encapsulation of chlorophyllase in hydrophobically modified hydrogel

2002

Yi, Y.; Kermasha, S.; L'Hocine, L.; Neufeld, R.

J. Mol. Catal. B

19-20

319-325

653048

100542304

Chlorophyll disappearance and chlorophyllase activity during ripening of Capsicum annuum L. fruits

2002

Hornero-Mendez, D.; Minguez-Mosquera, M.I.

J. Sci. Food Agric.

82

1564-1570

653440

12675736

Involvement of chlorophyllase in chlorophyll metabolism in olive varieties with high and low chlorophyll content

2003

Roca, M.; Minguez-Mosquera, M.I.

Physiol. Plant.

117

459-466

674404

9624113

The key step in chlorophyll breakdown in higher plants. Cleavage of pheophorbide a macrocycle by a monooxygenase

1998

Hörtensteiner, S.; Wüthrich, K.L.; Matile, P.; Ongania, K.H.; Kräutler, B.

J. Biol. Chem.

273

15335-15339

676327

16228561

Two enzymatic reaction pathways in the formation of pyropheophorbide a

2002

Suzuki, Y.; Doi, M.; Shioi, Y.

Photosyn. Res.

74

225-233

676447

-

Enzymic conversion of pheophorbide a to the precursor of pyropheophorbide a in leaves of Chenopodium album

1996

Shioi, Y.; Watanabe, K.; Takamiya, K.i.

Plant Cell Physiol.

37

1143-1149

676449

11382812

Chlorophyll degradation in a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant: an accumulation of pyropheophorbide a by anaerobiosis

2001

Doi, M.; Inage, T.; Shioi, Y.

Plant Cell Physiol.

42

469-474

676564

12223835

Chlorophyll breakdown in senescent chloroplasts (cleavage of pheophorbide a in two enzymic steps)

1997

Rodoni, S.; Mühlecker, W.; Anderl, M.; Kräutler, B.; Moser, D.; Thomas, H.; Matile, P.; Hörtensteiner, S.

Plant Physiol.

115

669-676

676599

16384908

Characterization and cloning of the chlorophyll-degrading enzyme pheophorbidase from cotyledons of radish

2006

Suzuki, Y.; Amano, T.; Shioi, Y.

Plant Physiol.

140

716-725

676765

14657372

Chlorophyll breakdown: pheophorbide a oxygenase is a Rieske-type iron-sulfur protein, encoded by the accelerated cell death 1 gene

2003

Pruzinska, A.; Tanner, G.; Anders, I.; Roca, M.; Hortensteiner, S.

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA

100

15259-15264

700621

18846292

Expression and purification of pheophorbidase, an enzyme catalyzing the formation of pyropheophorbide during chlorophyll degradation: comparison with the native enzyme

2008

Suzuki, Y.; Soga, K.; Yoshimatsu, K.; Shioi, Y.

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.

7

1260-1266

731738

100545870

Characterization of chlorophyll breakdown in green prickleyashes (Zanthoxylum schinifolium Zucc.) during slow drying

2012

Chen, K.; Zhang, F.; Kan, J.

Eur. Food Res. Technol.

234

1023-1031

732653

22147518

MES16, a member of the methylesterase protein family, specifically demethylates fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites during chlorophyll breakdown in Arabidopsis

2012

Christ, B.; Schelbert, S.; Aubry, S.; Süssenbacher, I.; Müller, T.; Kräutler, B.; Hörtensteiner, S.

Plant Physiol.

158

628-641

736578

27020034

Involvement of a putative bipartite transit peptide in targeting rice pheophorbide a oxygenase into chloroplasts for chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence

2016

Xie, Q.; Liang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Zheng, H.; Dong, G.; Qian, Q.; Zuo, J.

J. Genet. Genomics

43

145-154

737013

22790503

Update on the biochemistry of chlorophyll breakdown

2013

Hoertensteiner, S.

Plant Mol. Biol.

82

505-517

Links to other databases for pheophorbide a

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Show Links (1 entry)

ChEBI

PubChem

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