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Ligand polylysine

Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (13 results)

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Show Substrate (13 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.4.3.13

polylysine + O2 + H2O = allysine + H2O2 + NH3

655021

-

1.4.3.2

poly-L-lysine + H2O + O2 = ?

742930

-

1.5.3.25

glucose 6-phosphate + poly-L-lysine + ? = fructosyl-6-phosphate poly-L-lysine + ?

764357

-

2.3.1.48

acetyl-CoA + poly-L-lysine = CoA + N6-acetyllysine

487059

-

2.3.1.57

acetyl-CoA + poly-L-lysine = CoA + acetyl-poly-L-lysine

718795

-

2.3.1.82

acetyl-CoA + poly-L-Lys = CoA + ?

636904

-

2.4.2.31

polylysine + NAD+ = nicotinamide + ?

638096

-

3.4.11.6

Poly-L-lysine + H2O = ?

677600

-

3.4.17.3

polylysine + H2O = Lys

36400, 36405

-

3.4.21.63

Poly-L-lysine + H2O = ?

29489

-

3.4.24.20

Polylysine + H2O = ?

31048

-

3.4.24.46

Polylysine + H2O = Hydrolyzed polylysine

31279

-

3.4.24.6

poly-lysine + H2O = ?

37120

-

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (2 results)

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Show Product (2 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.5.3.25

fructosyl poly-L-lysine + O2 + H2O = glucosone + poly-L-lysine + H2O2

0

-

1.5.3.25

Nepsilon-fructosyl poly-L-lysine + O2 + H2O = glucosone + poly-L-lysine + H2O2

0

-

1.5.3.25

2 entries

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (30 results)

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Show Activating Compound (30 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.18.1.2

activator of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase

285515

-

2.3.1.1

-

486071

-

2.4.1.38

activation

489520

-

2.4.1.90

activation

489520

-

2.7.1.67

stimulates

641776, 641800

-

2.7.11.1

poly-lysine has a substrate-specific inhibitory effect on the CKII alpha subunit, whereas it stimulates the activity of the CKII holoenzyme

742995

-

2.7.11.19

strong, only with phosphorylase kinase as substrate, i.e. autophosphorylation, inhibits activity of activated and nonactivated enzyme with other substrates

492128

-

2.7.11.4

1.5 to 3fold

94884

-

2.7.7.8

0.25 mg/ml, 78fold activation in the presence of 10 mM NaCl, 5fold activation in the presence of 250 mM NaCl

643688

-

2.7.7.8

stimulation of poly(A) synthesis, phosphorolysis of poly(A) is inhibited

643680

-

2.7.7.8

2 entries

2.8.2.17

stimulates 2fold at 1.5 mg/ml

645752

-

3.1.3.16

-

657125

-

3.1.3.16

increased activity

654798

-

3.1.3.16

inhibition with substrate myelin basic protein, activation with substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate

134681

-

3.1.3.16

3 entries

3.1.3.48

activation

94988

-

3.1.3.52

stimulates 1.5-3fold at 0.0036 mg/ml

643856, 643857

-

3.2.1.96

activates hydrolysis of cell walls of Micrococcus luteus, no influence of hydrolysis of soluble peptidoglycan

171672

-

3.4.19.12

activation

36452

-

3.4.21.B1

-

650458

-

3.4.21.B1

faciliates autocatalytic activation

687108

-

3.4.21.B1

FSAP is exclusively activated by the positively charged surfaces polyethylenimine and poly-L-lysine

752346

-

3.4.21.B1

strongly accelerates autoactivation

650444

-

3.4.25.1

stimulates chymotrypsin-, trypsin- and Staphylococcus aureus V8-like activities

137335

-

3.4.25.1

stimulates caseinolytic activity

649428

-

3.4.21.B1

4 entries

3.4.25.1

2 entries

3.6.1.11

100 mg/l, 2fold activity enhancement

654784

-

3.6.4.10

the enzyme exhibits a weak ATPase activity that is stimulated about 10fold by poly-L-lysine

758155

-

3.6.4.10

the enzyme exhibits a weak ATPase activity that is stimulated about 5fold by poly-L-lysine

758155

-

3.6.4.10

-

733263

-

3.6.4.10

3 entries

5.6.1.8

activation may be related to transition from 10 S to 6 S form of myosin ATPase conformation

246984

-

7.1.1.9

strong activation of Nitrosomonas europaea cytochrome c oxidation

396045

-

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (23 results)

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Show Inhibitors (23 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

2.3.1.48

-

487078

-

2.3.1.82

substrate inhibition

636904

-

2.7.11.1

-

738762

-

2.7.11.1

poly-lysine has a substrate-specific inhibitory effect on the CKII alpha subunit, whereas it stimulates the activity of the CKII holoenzyme. Polylysine inhibits RNP29 phosphorylation by CKIIalpha

742995

-

2.7.11.1

2 entries

2.7.11.14

potent inhibitor

640725

-

2.7.11.15

IC50: 0.069 mM with rhodopsin as substrate

490911

-

2.7.11.15

IC50: 0.069 mM with rhodopsin as substrate; weak, more potent than spermine and spermidine

645003

-

2.7.11.15

2 entries

2.7.11.19

strong, activated and nonactivated enzyme, stimulates autophosphorylation

492128

-

2.7.11.29

strong

640808

-

2.7.7.48

IC50: 250 ng/ml

643395

-

2.7.7.48

strong

643354

-

2.7.7.48

2 entries

3.1.3.1

histone phosphatase activity

94563

-

3.1.3.16

inhibition with substrate myelin basic protein, activation with substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate

134681

-

3.1.3.17

0.001 mM, strong

94688

-

3.2.1.143

-

208524, 208528

-

3.2.1.17

-

171040

-

3.4.16.5

-

647195

-

3.4.21.4

immobilized enzyme

95455

-

3.4.22.8

hydrolysis of benzoyl-Arg ethyl ester

81578

-

3.4.23.1

-

35005

-

4.6.1.2

-

34832

-

4.6.1.20

-

24228

-

7.1.1.9

complete inhibition of horse and Candida krusei cytochrome c oxidation with 0.0001 mM and 0.002 mM poly-L-lysine, respectively

396045

-

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (2 results)

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Show Turnover Number (2 entries)

EC NUMBER

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/S]

TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM [1/S]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

2.3.1.57

3.953

-

pH 8.0, 30°C

718795

2.3.1.82

0.0019

-

pH 7.5, 37°C

636904

K_M Value (3 results)

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Show KM Value (3 entries)

EC NUMBER

KM VALUE [MM]

KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.4.3.2

0.25

-

at pH 8.0 and 20°C, measured at the rate of H2O2 production

742930

2.3.1.57

0.859

-

pH 8.0, 30°C

718795

2.3.1.82

0.038

-

pH 7.5, 37°C

636904

K_i Value (1 result)

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Show KI Value (1 entry)

EC NUMBER

KI VALUE [MM]

KI VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

2.3.1.82

1.78

-

pH 7.5, 37°C

636904

IC₅₀ Value (1 result)

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Show IC50 Value (1 entry)

EC NUMBER

IC50 VALUE

IC50 VALUE MAXIMUM

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

2.7.11.15

0.069

-

IC50: 0.069 mM with rhodopsin as substrate

490911, 645003

References & Links

Literature References (63)

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Show Reference (63 entries)

BRENDA REFERENCE ID

PUBMED ID

TITLE

YEAR

AUTHORS

JOURNAL

VOLUME

PAGES

24228

14230791

A ribonuclease from Ustilago sphaerogena. I. Purification and properties of the enzyme

1964

Glitz, D.G.; Dekker, C.A.

Biochemistry

3

1391-1399

29489

-

Purification and properties of alkaline proteinase from Aspergillus oryzae

1973

Nakadai, T.; Nasuno, S.; Iguchi, N.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

37

2685-2694

31048

8541645

Purification and characterization of intracellular proteinases in Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies

1995

Dohmae, N.; Hayashi, K.; Miki, K.; Tsumuraya, Y.; Hashimoto, Y.

Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.

59

2074-2080

31279

309470

Purification and some properties of two proteinases from Crotalus adamanteus venom that inactivate human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor

1978

Kurecki, T.; Laskowski, M.; Kress, L.F.

J. Biol. Chem.

253

8340-8345

34832

7511001

Nucleotide inhibitors and activators of retinal guanylyl cyclase

1994

Gorczyca, W.A.; VanHooser, J.P.; Palczewski, K.

Biochemistry

33

3217-3222

35005

-

Pepsin

1971

Fruton, J.S.

The Enzymes, 3rd Ed. (Boyer, P. D. , ed. )

3

119-164

36400

1164026

Plasma carboxypeptidase N, subunits and characteristics

1975

Oshima, G.; Kato, J.; Erdös, E.G.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

170

132-138

36405

7061043

Some properties of porcine carboxypeptidase N

1982

Juillerat-Jeanneret, L.; Roth, M.; Bargetzi, J.P.

Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem.

363

51-58

36452

7642526

Multiple Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolases from Chick Skeletal Muscle

1995

Woo, S.K.; Lee, J.I.; Park, I.K.; Yoo, Y.J.; Cho, C.M.; Kang, M.S.; Ha, D.B.; Tanaka, K.; Chung, C.H.

J. Biol. Chem.

270

18766-18773

37120

4711816

Leucostoma peptidase A: a metalloprotease from snake venom

1973

Spiekerman, A.M.; Fredericks, K.K.; Wagner, F.W.; Prescott, J.M.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

293

464-475

81578

-

Clostripain

1971

Mitchell, W.M.; Harrington, W.F.

The Enzymes, 3rd Ed. (Boyer, P. D. , ed. )

3

699-719

94563

-

Alkaline phosphatase and its function as a protein phosphatase

1987

Stinson, R.A.; Chan, J.R.A.

Adv. Protein Phosphatases

4

127-151

94688

20939

Rabbit muscle phosphorylase phosphatase. 1. Purification and chemical properties

1977

Gratecos, D.; Detwiler, T.C.; Hurd, S.; Fischer, E.H.

Biochemistry

16

4812-4817

94884

3004826

Regulation of mammalian pyruvate and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation

1985

Reed, L.J.; Damuni, Z.; Merryfield, M.L.

Curr. Top. Cell. Regul.

27

41-49

94988

9253182

Characterization of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity in sheep platelets: amphiphilic and hydrophilic forms

1997

Hernandez-Hernandez, A.; Sanchez-Yague, J.; Martin-Valmaseda, E.M.; Llaniloo, M.

Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B

117

437-444

95455

1388818

Properties of trypsin and of acid phosphatase immobilized in sol-gel glass matrices

1992

Shtelzer, S.; Rappoport, S.; Avnir, D.; Ottolenghi, M.; Braun, S.

Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem.

15

227-235

134681

9862444

Expression and characterization of PP7, a novel plant protein Ser/Thr phosphatase distantly related to RdgC/PPEF and PP5

1998

Kutuzov, M.A.; Evans, D.E.; Andreeva, A.V.

FEBS Lett.

440

147-152

137335

1400479

Purification and initial characterization of the proteasome from the higher plant Spinacia oleracea

1992

Ozaki, M.; Fujinami, K.; Tanaka, K.; Amemiya, Y.; Sato, T.; Ogura, N.; Nakagawa, H.

J. Biol. Chem.

267

21678-21684

171040

-

Purification and characterization of a lysozyme from wheat germ

1988

Audy, P.; Trudel, J.; Asselin, A.

Plant Sci.

58

43-50

171672

-

Influence of cationic peptides on the activity of the autolytic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase of Staphylococcus simulans 22

1988

Bierbaum, G.; Sahl, H.G.

FEMS Microbiol. Lett.

58

223-228

208524

4831224

Purification and properties of a glycohydrolase from calf thymus splitting ribose-ribose linkages of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose)

1974

Miwa, M.; Tanaka, M.; Matsushima, T.; Sugimura, T.

J. Biol. Chem.

249

3475-3482

208528

6617643

Isolation and purification of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase from pig thymus

1983

Tavassoli, M.; Tavassoli, M.H.; Shall, S.

Eur. J. Biochem.

135

449-455

246984

8368268

Polylysine activates smooth muscle myosin ATPase activity via induction of a 10S to 6S transition

1993

Szymanski, P.T.; Ferguson, D.G.; Paul, R.J.

Am. J. Physiol.

265

379-386

285515

-

Ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase

1980

Zanetti, G.; Curti, B.

Methods Enzymol.

69

250-255

396045

2839468

Catalytic properties of cytochrome c oxidase purified from Nitrosomonas europaea

1988

Yamazaki, T.; Fukumori, Y.; Yamanaka, T.

J. Biochem.

103

499-503

486071

6885773

Purification of N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthetase from rat liver mitochondria and substrate and activator specificity of the enzyme

1983

Sonoda, T.; Tatibana, M.

J. Biol. Chem.

258

9839-9844

487059

5031160

Histone acetylation. Purification and properties of three histone-specific acetyltransferases from rat thymus nuclei

1972

Gallwitz, D.; Sures, I.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

263

315-328

487078

6783663

Histone acetylase from Drosophila melanogaster specific for H4

1981

Wiegand, R.C.; Brutlag, D.L.

J. Biol. Chem.

256

4578-4583

489520

667130

Enhancement of UDPgalactose: glycoprotein galactosyltransferase in cultured human skin fibroblasts by cationic polypeptides

1978

Rao, G.J.S.; Chyatte, D.; Nadler, H.L.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

541

435-443

490911

1659657

Purification and characterization of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase

1991

Benovic, J.L.

Methods Enzymol.

200

351-362

492128

6692931

Two diverse effects of poly(L-lysine) on rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase: stimulation of autophosphorylation and inhibition of its activity

1984

Negami, A.; Sakai, K.; Kobayashi, T.; Tabuchi, H.; Nakamura, S.; Yamamura, H.

FEBS Lett.

166

335-338

636904

10378269

Crystal structure of an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase: defining the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase superfamily fold

1999

Wybenga-Groot, L.E.; Draker, K.a.; Wright, G.D.; Berghuis, A.M.

Structure

7

497-507

638096

6403540

Amino acid-specific ADP-ribosylation. Evidence for two distinct NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferases in turkey erythrocytes

1983

Yost, D.A.; Moss, J.

J. Biol. Chem.

258

4926-4929

640725

9516442

A novel rhodopsin kinase in Octopus photoreceptor possesses a pleckstrin homology domain and is activated by G protein betagamma-subunits

1998

Kikkawa, S.; Yoshida, N.; Nakagawa, M.; Iwasa, T.; Tsuda, M.

J. Biol. Chem.

273

7441-7447

640808

3100530

Phosphorylation of serine 833 in cytoplasmic domain of low density lipoprotein receptor by a high molecular weight enzyme resembling casein kinase II

1987

Kishimoto, A.; Brown, M.S.; Slaughter, C.A.; Goldstein, J.L.

J. Biol. Chem.

262

1344-1351

641776

3002795

Polyamines stimulate the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol in membranes from A431 cells

1986

Vogel, S.; Hoppe, J.

Eur. J. Biochem.

154

253-257

641800

2155029

Purification and kinetic properties of a membrane-bound phosphatidylinositol kinase of the bovine adrenal medulla

1990

Husebye, E.S.; Letcher, A.J.; Lander, D.J.; Flatmark, T.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1042

330-337

643354

4354232

Activity of Foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in vitro: inhibition by polyamines and poly(amino acid)s

1973

Lazarus, L.H.; Itin, A.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

156

154-160

643395

10775451

Specificity and mechanism analysis of Hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

2000

Johnson, R.B.; Sun, X.L.; Hockman, M.A.; Villarreal, E.C.; Wakulchik, M.; Wang, Q.M.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

377

129-134

643680

-

Polynucleotide phosphorylase

1982

Littauer, U.Z.; Soreq, H.

The Enzymes, 3rd. Ed. (Boyer, P. D. , ed. )

15B

517-553

643688

3970947

Preparation and properties of highly-purified Vibrio costicola polynucleotide phosphorylase

1985

Harry, K.; Sharma, N.; Fitt, P.S.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

828

29-38

643856

2853819

Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase phosphatase and its inhibitor protein from bovine kidney

1988

Damuni, Z.; Reed, L.J.

Methods Enzymol.

166

321-329

643857

6589597

Purification and properties of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase phosphatase from bovine kidney

1984

Damuni, Z.; Merryfield, M.L.; Humphreys, J.S.; Reed, L.J.

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA

81

4335-4338

645003

2468660

Inhibition of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase by polyanions

1989

Benovic, J.L.; Stone, W.C.; Caron, M.G.; Lefkowitz, R.J.

J. Biol. Chem.

264

6707-6710

645752

3456754

Purification and characterization of a 3-phosphoadenylylsulfate:chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase from arterial tissue

1986

Hollmann, J.; Niemann, R.; Buddecke, E.

Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler

367

5-13

647195

13269

Carboxypeptidase Y

1976

Hayashi, R.

Methods Enzymol.

45

568-587

649428

10700377

Purification and characterization of Candida albicans 20S proteasome. Identification of 4 proteasomal subunits

2000

Fernandez Murray, P.; Biscoglio, M.J.; Passeron, S.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

375

211-219

650444

11209757

Activation of proPHBSP, the zymogen of a plasma hyaluronan binding serine protease, by an intermolecular autocatalytic mechanism

2000

Etscheid, M.; Hunfeld, A.; Konig, H.; Seitz, R.; Dodt, J.

Biol. Chem.

381

1223-1231

650458

12437095

Factor VII activating protease (FSAP): a novel protease in hemostasis

2002

Romisch, J.

Biol. Chem.

383

1119-1124

654784

15061692

Partial purification and characterization of nuclear exopolyphosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with inactivated PPX1 gene encoding a major yeast exopolyphosphatase

2004

Lichko, L.P.; Kulakovskaya, T.V.; Kulaev, I.S.

Biochemistry

69

270-274

654798

11004556

Characterisation of two protein phosphatase 2A holoenzymes from maize seedlings

2000

Awotunde, O.S.; Sugajska, E.; Zolnierowicz, S.; Muszynska, G.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1480

65-76

655021

12450117

Effects of L-ascorbic acid on lysyl oxidase in the formation of collagen cross-links

2002

Kuroyanagi, M.; Shimamura, E.; Kim, M.; Arakawa, N.; Fujiwara, Y.; Otsuka, M.

Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.

66

2077-2082

657125

11506360

Partial purification and biochemical characterization of a heteromeric protein phosphatase 2A holoenzyme from maize (Zea mays L.) leaves that dephosphorylates C4 phosophoenolpyruvate carboxylase

2001

Dong, L.; Ermolova, N.V.; Chollet, R.

Planta

213

379-389

677600

18025118

Human pre-elafin inhibits a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-secreted peptidase and prevents its proliferation in complex media

2008

Bellemare, A.; Vernoux, N.; Morisset, D.; Bourbonnais, Y.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.

52

483-490

687108

18182221

The hyaluronic acid-binding protease: a novel vascular and inflammatory mediator?

2008

Etscheid, M.; Kress, J.; Seitz, R.; Dodt, J.

Int. Immunopharmacol.

8

166-170

718795

22313365

Characterization of and functional evidence for Ste27 of Streptomyces sp. 139 as a novel spermine/spermidine acetyltransferase

2012

Zhang, Y.; Zhou, J.; Chang, M.; Bai, L.; Shan, J.; Yao, C.; Jiang, R.; Guo, L.; Zhang, R.; Wu, J.; Li, Y.

Biochem. J.

443

727-734

733263

23994135

Biochemical characterization of the apicoplast-targeted AAA+ ATPase ClpB from Plasmodium falciparum

2013

Ngansop, F.; Li, H.; Zolkiewska, A.; Zolkiewski, M.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

439

191-195

738762

25316064

Identification and characterization of chloroplast casein kinase II from Oryza sativa (rice)

2015

Lu, Q.; Ding, S.; Reiland, S.; Roediger, A.; Roschitzki, B.; Xue, P.; Gruissem, W.; Lu, C.; Baginsky, S.

J. Exp. Bot.

66

175-187

742930

24333187

Characterization of a novel L-amino acid oxidase with protein oxidizing activity from Penicillium steckii AIU 027

2014

Isobe, K.; Taira, R.; Hoshi, Y.; Matsuda, S.; Yamada, M.; Hibi, M.; Kishino, S.; Ogawa, J.

J. Biosci. Bioeng.

117

690-695

742995

25316064

Identification and characterization of chloroplast casein kinase II from Oryza sativa (rice)

2015

Lu, Q.; Ding, S.; Reiland, S.; Roediger, A.; Roschitzki, B.; Xue, P.; Gruissem, W.; Lu, C.; Baginsky, S.

J. Exp. Bot.

66

175-187

752346

29091393

A positively charged surface triggers coagulation activation through factor VII activating protease (FSAP)

2017

Sperling, C.; Maitz, M.F.; Grasso, S.; Werner, C.; Kanse, S.M.

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

9

40107-40116

758155

28700685

Characterization of the molecular chaperone ClpB from the pathogenic spirochaete Leptospira interrogans

2017

Krajewska, J.; Modrak-Wojcik, A.; Arent, Z.J.; Wieckowski, D.; Zolkiewski, M.; Bzowska, A.; Kedzierska-Mieszkowska, S.

PLoS ONE

12

e0181118

764357

-

Substrate specificity of the Escherichia coli FRLB amadoriase

2014

Atanasova, A.; Handzhiyski, Y.; Sredovska-Bozhinov, A.; Popova, E.; Odjakova, M.; Datsenko, K.; Wanner, B.; Ivanov, I.; Mironova, R.

Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip.

26

140-145

Links to other databases for polylysine

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Show Links (1 entry)