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Ligand xanthine

Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

Pathway Source

Pathways

BRENDA

purine metabolism

KEGG

Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from histidine and purine, Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Caffeine metabolism, Microbial metabolism in diverse environments, Purine metabolism more

MetaCyc

adenosine nucleotides degradation I, adenosine nucleotides degradation II, caffeine degradation I (main, plants), caffeine degradation III (bacteria, via demethylation), guanosine nucleotides degradation I, guanosine nucleotides degradation II, guanosine nucleotides degradation III, inosine 5'-phosphate degradation, purine nucleobases degradation I (anaerobic), purine nucleobases degradation II (anaerobic), purine ribonucleosides degradation, theobromine biosynthesis II (via xanthine), theophylline degradation, xanthine and xanthosine salvage more

Show all BRENDA pathways known for xanthine

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (16 results)

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Show Natural Substrate (16 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.14.11.48

xanthine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = urate + succinate + CO2

732527

-

1.17.1.4

xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH

644572, 644606, 644613, 644560, 644578, 644584, 644595, 644598, 644610, 644590, 644557, 644558, 644555, 644564, 644609, 644594, 644561, 644562, 644603, 644614, 644581, 644583, 644575, 644563, 644582, 644599, 644601, 644571, 644607, 644588, 644618, 644568, 644616, 644579, 644600, 644593, 644617, 644604, 644589, 644565, 644605, 394699, 644608, 644569, 644559, 644556, 644576, 644574, 644567, 644587, 644580

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH + H+

703310, 703626, 744450, 704842, 702963, 704822, 706057, 706838, 706259, 704425, 745069, 746009, 746030, 746031, 704636, 744875, 746016, 745314, 744255, 715273, 744521

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + NAD+ + O2 + H2O + H+ = urate + NADH + H2O2

644580, 644587, 644582

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + NADP+ + H2O = urate + NADPH

644566, 644581

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + O2 + H2O = urate + O2- + 2 H+

644582, 644615, 644578, 644584, 644598, 644567, 644587, 644594, 644603, 644580, 644586, 644593, 644592, 644570, 644579, 644589, 644581, 644574, 644562, 644597, 644591, 644600, 644588

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + O2 = hypoxanthine + ?

644597

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + H2O + O2 = urate + H2O2

684329, 684352, 715069, 675050, 684783, 687984, 690205, 689699, 714464, 714644, 684878, 685300, 686525, 689276, 714785, 715264, 716010, 715723, 688764, 689189, 744517, 745064, 745314, 744875, 687784, 715538, 744493, 744841, 745108, 745461, 745585, 744744, 745473, 745709, 657487, 685804, 686890, 688155, 685028, 688048, 688056, 685516, 686881, 686057, 686064, 687263, 689994, 686866, 674374, 686461, 684354, 690202, 685983, 689164, 687898, 686553, 688146, 715273

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + O2 + H2O = urate + H2O2

703310, 706363, 704717, 705311, 703626, 704822, 701447, 702182, 704453, 705237, 706259, 705243

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

6 entries

1.17.3.2

2 entries

1.2.3.1

xanthine + O2 + H2O = urate + H2O2

390423

-

2.4.2.22

5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = 9-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)xanthine + diphosphate

659904

1a96, 3D-view

2.4.2.22

5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = XMP + diphosphate

760104, 759629

1a96, 3D-view

2.4.2.22

xanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = XMP + diphosphate

759072, 759601, 758716

1a96, 3D-view

2.4.2.8

xanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = ? + diphosphate

705041, 706648

-

2.4.2.8

xanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = xanthosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate

661691, 660798

-

2.4.2.8

xanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = XMP + diphosphate

735767, 736785, 759601, 760104

-

2.4.2.22

3 entries

2.4.2.8

3 entries

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (20 results)

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Show Natural Product (20 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.14.13.128

7-methylxanthine + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = xanthine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.128

7-methylxanthine + O2 + NADH + H+ = xanthine + NAD+ + H2O + formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.128

2 entries

1.14.13.179

3-methylxanthine + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = xanthine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde

-

-

1.17.1.4

2 2-hydroxypurine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O = xanthine + 2,8-dihydroxypurine + 2 NADH + 2 H+

644616

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

2 hypoxanthine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O = xanthine + 6,8-dihydroxypurine + 2 NADH + 2 H+

644616

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H+ + O2- + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H2O2

644606, 644610, 644611, 644604, 644614, 644599, 644608, 644574, 644573, 644575, 644609, 644561

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH

644605, 644590, 644569, 644555, 644564, 644589, 644562, 644603, 644581, 644563, 644586, 644607, 644617

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+

-

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + NADP+ + H2O = xanthine + NADPH

644590, 644616, 644589, 644566

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + O2 = xanthine + H2O2

644597, 644616

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + urate = xanthine + 6,8-dihydroxypurine

644597

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

8 entries

1.17.3.2

hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH

-

3eub, 3D-view

1.2.3.1

hypoxanthine + O2 + H2O = xanthine + H2O2

390423

-

2.4.2.1

xanthosine + phosphate = xanthine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate

-

-

2.4.2.8

XMP + diphosphate = xanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

-

-

3.2.2.21

alkylated DNA + H2O = 7-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + 3-methyladenine + 3-methylguanine + purine + 6-chloropurine + xanthine + DNA

-

-

3.2.2.28

xanthine-mismatched double-stranded DNA + H2O = xanthine + double-stranded DNA with abasic site

-

-

3.2.2.28

xanthine-mismatched single-stranded DNA + H2O = xanthine + single-stranded DNA with abasic site

-

-

3.5.4.3

guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3

-

2uz9, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3

-

6oha, 3D-view

3.2.2.28

2 entries

3.5.4.3

2 entries

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (65 results)

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Show Substrate (65 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.14.11.48

xanthine + 2-oxoadipate + O2 = ?

731289

-

1.14.11.48

xanthine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = urate + succinate + CO2

731217, 732527, 731289

-

1.17.1.4

xanthine + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + H2O = urate + ?

644578, 644584, 644565, 644587, 644588, 644568, 644583, 644577, 644574, 644592, 644570, 644598, 644579, 644593

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide+ + H2O = urate + 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide(H)

644579, 644609

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + benzyl viologen + H2O = urate + reduced benzyl viologen

644592, 644570

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + cytochrome c + H2O = urate + reduced cytochrome c

644580, 644570, 644587, 644597

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + DCIP + H2O = urate + reduced DCIP

704425

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + FAD + H2O = urate + FADH2

644570

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + ferredoxin + H2O = urate + reduced ferredoxin

644597

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + ferricyanide + H2O = urate + ferrocyanide

644594, 644583, 644570, 644597, 644592, 644593, 644562, 644577, 644580, 644587

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + FMN + H2O = urate + FMNH2

644570

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + iodonitrotetrazolium + H2O = urate + reduced iodonitrotetrazolium

644570

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + methyl viologen + H2O = urate + reduced methyl viologen

644568, 644614, 644570, 644592

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + methylene blue + H2O = urate + reduced methylene blue

644579, 644615, 644584, 644570, 644597, 644574, 644580, 644587, 644568, 644592

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + myoglobin + H2O = urate + reduced myoglobin

644597

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH

644572, 644606, 644613, 688044, 728646, 644560, 644578, 644584, 644595, 644598, 644610, 644590, 659580, 644557, 644558, 728624, 644555, 644564, 659210, 660263, 644609, 644594, 644561, 644562, 644603, 659390, 644614, 644581, 644583, 644575, 657699, 644563, 644582, 644599, 644601, 644571, 644607, 659314, 658630, 644588, 644618, 644568, 644616, 644579, 644600, 644593, 644617, 644604, 644589, 644565, 644605, 394699, 644608, 644569, 644559, 644556, 644576, 644574, 644567, 644587, 644580

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH + H+

703310, 703626, 744450, 674374, 704842, 702963, 704822, 706057, 706838, 706259, 674793, 704425, 745069, 746009, 746030, 746031, 704636, 674375, 744875, 746016, 744521, 745314, 744255, 715273

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + NAD+ + O2 + H2O + H+ = urate + NADH + H2O2

644580, 644587, 644582

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + NADP+ + H2O = urate + NADPH

644566, 644581

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + nitroblue tetrazolium + H2O = urate + ?

644568, 644583, 644570, 644597, 644592

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + O2 + H2O = urate + O2- + 2 H+

644582, 644615, 644578, 644584, 644598, 644567, 644587, 644594, 644603, 644580, 644586, 660183, 644593, 644592, 644570, 644579, 644589, 644581, 644574, 644562, 644597, 644591, 644600, 644588

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + O2 = hypoxanthine + ?

644597

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + p-benzoquinone + H2O = hypoxanthine + hydroquinone

644618

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + p-benzoquinone + H2O = p-benzosemiquinone + urate

644618

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + phenazine methosulfate + cytochrome c + H2O = urate + ?

644560, 644578, 644584, 644598

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O = urate + ?

644579, 644570, 644597, 644568

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + pyridinealdehyde-NAD+ + H2O = urate + pyridinealdehyde-NADH

644579

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + riboflavin + H2O = urate + reduced riboflavin

644570

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + thio-NAD+ + H2O = urate + thio-NADH

644605, 644579

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + trinitrobenzenesulfonate + H2O = urate + ?

644579, 644574

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

xanthine + ureic acid imine = ?

728189

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

glyceryl trinitrate + xanthine = urate + ?

659465

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

isosorbide dinitrate + xanthine = urate + ?

659465

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

nitrate + xanthine = nitrite + urate + ?

657954

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

nitrite + xanthine = NO + ?

658734, 659326

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + H2O = urate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol

704453

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + cytochrome c + H2O = urate + reduced cytochrome c

705243

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + H2O + O2 = ?

658067

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + H2O + O2 = superoxide + urate + ?

658206

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + H2O + O2 = urate + H2O2

684329, 684352, 715069, 674374, 675050, 684783, 686890, 687984, 688146, 689359, 690205, 390370, 657487, 689699, 714464, 714644, 658734, 660329, 673434, 684878, 685300, 686525, 689276, 714785, 715264, 716010, 715723, 688764, 689189, 744517, 745064, 745314, 674375, 684354, 744875, 687784, 715538, 744493, 744841, 745108, 745461, 745585, 744744, 727706, 745473, 745709, 685804, 688155, 685028, 686866, 688048, 688056, 690202, 685516, 686881, 686057, 686553, 689164, 689994, 686064, 687263, 687898, 686461, 685983, 715273

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + H2O + O2 = uric acid + H2O2

726844, 728713, 644645, 393008, 644647, 644648, 644640, 644565, 644638, 644658, 644625, 644635, 644580, 644582, 644633, 644643, 392993, 393001, 644555, 644564, 644622, 644624, 644627, 644629, 644632, 644641, 644642, 644644, 644646, 644649, 644650, 644651, 644653, 644654, 644655, 644657, 644639, 644623, 644620, 644621, 644619, 644628, 659642

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + methylene blue + O2 = urate + reduced methylene blue

671320

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH

727706

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + NO2- = uric acid + NO

644635, 644644

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + O2 + H2O = urate + H2O2

703310, 706363, 704717, 705311, 703626, 704822, 701447, 702182, 704453, 705237, 706259, 705243

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

xanthine + thionine + O2 = urate + reduced thionine

671320

3eub, 3D-view

1.2.3.1

xanthine + H2O + O2 = ? + H2O2

699237, 726341

-

1.2.3.1

xanthine + O2 + H2O = urate + H2O2

390423

-

1.14.11.48

2 entries

1.17.1.4

29 entries

1.17.3.2

15 entries

1.2.3.1

2 entries

2.4.2.20

xanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = 3-ribosylxanthine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate

637789

-

2.4.2.22

5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = 9-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)xanthine + diphosphate

638002, 638007, 638005, 638003, 638004, 638009, 659904, 704046, 638008, 638006, 678193

1a96, 3D-view

2.4.2.22

5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = XMP + diphosphate

760104, 759629

1a96, 3D-view

2.4.2.22

xanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = XMP + diphosphate

759072, 759601, 758716

1a96, 3D-view

2.4.2.22

3 entries

2.4.2.5

inosine + xanthine = hypoxanthine + xanthosine

137053

-

2.4.2.6

deoxyadenosine + xanthine = adenine + deoxyxanthosine

638040

-

2.4.2.6

deoxycytidine + xanthine = cytosine + xanthosine

638040

-

2.4.2.6

deoxyguanosine + xanthine = guanine + deoxyxanthine

638040

-

2.4.2.6

thymidine + xanthine = 9-deoxyribosylxanthine + 7-deoxyribosylxanthine

638042

-

2.4.2.6

thymidine + xanthine = thymine + xanthosine

638043

-

2.4.2.6

5 entries

2.4.2.64

tRNAqueuine + xanthine = tRNAxanthine + queuine

678191

-

2.4.2.7

xanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = xanthosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate

638165

-

2.4.2.8

xanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = ? + diphosphate

705041, 706648

-

2.4.2.8

xanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = xanthosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate

661691, 660798

-

2.4.2.8

xanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = XMP + diphosphate

638391, 638400, 638414, 735767, 638411, 638403, 721642, 722020, 638410, 638412, 736785, 736777, 638406, 638407, 724940, 638416, 638401, 638358, 638415, 638393, 676978, 685403, 759601, 760104

-

3.5.4.3

xanthine + H2O = ?

734510

2uz9, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

xanthine + H2O = ?

734510

6oha, 3D-view

2.4.2.8

3 entries

3.5.4.3

2 entries

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (57 results)

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Show Product (57 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.14.13.128

1,7-dimethylxanthine + 2 O2 + 2 NADH + 2 H+ = xanthine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O + 2 formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.128

1,7-dimethylxanthine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = xanthine + 2 NADP+ + 2 H2O + 2 formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.128

3-methylxanthine + O2 + NADH + H+ = xanthine + NAD+ + H2O + formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.128

7-methylxanthine + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = xanthine + formaldehyde + NADP+

-

-

1.14.13.128

7-methylxanthine + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = xanthine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.128

7-methylxanthine + O2 + NADH + H+ = xanthine + NAD+ + H2O + formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.128

7-methylxanthine + O2 + NADPH + H+ = xanthine + NADP+ + H2O + formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.128

caffeine + 3 O2 + 3 NADH + 3 H+ = xanthine + 3 NAD+ + 3 H2O + 3 formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.128

theobromine + 2 O2 + 2 NADH + 2 H+ = xanthine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O + 2 formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.128

theophylline + 2 O2 + 2 NADH + 2 H+ = xanthine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O + 2 formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.128

10 entries

1.14.13.178

1-methylxanthine + O2 + NADH + H+ = xanthine + NAD+ + H2O + formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.179

3-methylxanthine + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = xanthine + NAD(P)+ + H2O + formaldehyde

-

-

1.14.13.179

3-methylxanthine + O2 + NADH + H+ = xanthine + NAD+ + H2O + formaldehyde

-

-

1.17.1.4

2 2-hydroxypurine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O = xanthine + 2,8-dihydroxypurine + 2 NADH + 2 H+

644616

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

2 hypoxanthine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O = xanthine + 6,8-dihydroxypurine + 2 NADH + 2 H+

644616

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + H2O = xanthine + ?

644617, 644616

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + cytochrome c + H2O = xanthine + reduced cytochrome c

644616

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O = xanthine + ferrocyanide

, 644616, 644570

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + ferricyanide = xanthine + ferrocyanide

644577

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + methyl viologen + H2O = xanthine + reduced methyl viologen

644614, 644592

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + methylene blue + H2O = xanthine + reduced methylene blue

644589

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H+ + O2- + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H2O2

644606, 644610, 644611, , 644604, 644614, 644599, 644608, 644574, 644573, 644575, 644609, 644561

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH

644605, 644590, 644569, 644555, 644564, 644589, 644562, 644603, 644581, 644563, 644586, 644607, 644617,

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+

-

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + NADP+ + H2O = xanthine + NADPH

644590, 644616, 644589, 644566

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + nitroblue tetrazolium = xanthine + ?

644568, 644616

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + O2 + H2O = xanthine + O2-

-

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + O2 = xanthine + H2O2

644597, 644616

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + thio-NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + thio-NADH

644605

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

hypoxanthine + urate = xanthine + 6,8-dihydroxypurine

644597

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

urate + NADH = xanthine + NAD+ + H2O

-

3eub, 3D-view

1.14.13.179

2 entries

1.17.1.4

18 entries

1.17.3.2

hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH

-

3eub, 3D-view

1.2.3.1

hypoxanthine + O2 + H2O = xanthine + H2O2

390423

-

2.4.2.1

xanthosine + arsenate = xanthine + alpha-D-ribose 1-arsenate

-

-

2.4.2.1

xanthosine + phosphate = alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + xanthine

-

-

2.4.2.1

xanthosine + phosphate = xanthine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate

-

-

2.4.2.1

3 entries

2.4.2.22

9-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)xanthine + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine

-

1a96, 3D-view

2.4.2.8

XMP + diphosphate = xanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

-

-

3.2.2.1

guanosine + H2O = D-ribose + xanthine

-

-

3.2.2.1

xanthosine + H2O = D-ribose + xanthine

-

-

3.2.2.1

xanthosine + H2O = xanthine + D-ribose

-

-

3.2.2.1

3 entries

3.2.2.15

xanthine-containing double-stranded DNA + H2O = xanthine + double-stranded DNA with abasic site

-

-

3.2.2.2

xanthosine + H2O = xanthine + D-ribose

-

-

3.2.2.21

alkylated DNA + H2O = 7-methyladenine + 7-methylguanine + 3-methyladenine + 3-methylguanine + purine + 6-chloropurine + xanthine + DNA

-

-

3.2.2.27

xanthine-containing single-stranded DNA + H2O = xanthine + single-stranded DNA with abasic site

-

-

3.2.2.28

xanthine-mismatched double-stranded DNA + H2O = xanthine + double-stranded DNA with abasic site

-

-

3.2.2.28

xanthine-mismatched single-stranded DNA + H2O = xanthine + single-stranded DNA with abasic site

-

-

3.2.2.3

inosine + H2O = D-ribose + xanthine

-

-

3.2.2.3

xanthosine + H2O = D-ribose + xanthine

-

-

3.2.2.28

2 entries

3.2.2.3

2 entries

3.2.2.8

xanthosine + H2O = xanthine + D-ribose

137117, 137116, 137115,

-

3.5.4.2

6-amino-2-hydroxypurine + H2O = xanthine + NH3

172174, 172175

-

3.5.4.3

2,6-diaminopurine + H2O = xanthine + NH3

-

2uz9, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

2,6-diaminopurine + H2O = xanthine + NH3

-

6oha, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3

-

2uz9, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3

-

6oha, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

4 entries

3.5.4.32

guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3

-

-

3.5.4.4

guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3

-

-

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (3 results)

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Show Activating Compound (3 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

3.5.4.3

0.4 mM, residual enzyme activity 110%

209589

2uz9, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

0.4 mM, residual enzyme activity 110%

209589

6oha, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

2 entries

5.6.1.6

-

673218

-

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (29 results)

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Show Inhibitors (29 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.17.1.4

40% inhibition of xanthine dehydrogenase at 0.25 mM

644608

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

irreversible inactivation by reduction of xanthine dehydrogenase; irreversible inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity, adenine and 8-azaadenine protects against inactivation, ferricyanide partially protects against inactivation, no inactivation in the presence of NAD+

644590

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

reduction of enzyme

644583

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

substrate inhibition above 0.05 mM, but in the presence of NAD+

644595

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

substrate inhibition above 0.13 mM

644604

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

5 entries

1.17.3.1

-

437991

-

1.17.3.2

at high concentrations

657954

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

no substrate inhibition

644621

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

substrate inhibition at high concentration

644620

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

3 entries

1.4.1.14

activity of NADH-GOGAT I significantly decreases in the presence of 10 mM xanthine

689483

-

1.7.3.3

-

246662, 394144, 394145, 394150, 394183, 394188, 394190, 672697, 711515

3l8w, 3D-view

1.7.3.3

0.05 mM 60-75% inhibition

394190

3l8w, 3D-view

1.7.3.3

competitive versus urate, noncompetitive versus O2

394180

3l8w, 3D-view

1.7.3.3

3 entries

2.3.1.1

significantly increases the apparent Km for glutamate and decreases velocity of N-acetylglutamate synthetase, with little effect on carbamoylphosphate synthase-1. Inhibition is reversed by supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate

719937

-

2.4.2.1

poor inhibitor of phosphorolysis of guanosine

489707

-

2.4.2.16

1 mM, 35% inhibition

639636

-

2.4.2.22

-

638005, 638008

1a96, 3D-view

2.4.2.4

-

686525

-

2.4.2.4

13% inhibition at 0.158 mM

686525

-

2.4.2.4

2 entries

2.4.2.64

for the mutant enzyms D143S and D143T, xanthine is competitive, with respect to guanine

678191

-

2.4.2.7

weak

638004

-

2.4.2.8

-

638388, 638401

-

2.4.2.8

weak, competitive

638411

-

2.4.2.8

2 entries

2.5.1.6

10 mM, 35.4% inhibition

658351

-

3.1.2.6

-

37432

-

3.5.4.3

-

209585, 711469

2uz9, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

-

209585, 711469

6oha, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

2 entries

4.4.1.5

-

37432

-

6.3.4.2

pH-dependent inhibition, overview

702613

-

3D Structure of Enzyme-Ligand-Complex (PDB) (7 results)

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Show 3D Structure of Enzyme-Ligand-Complex (PDB) (7 entries)

EC NUMBER

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.204

2w3s, 3D-view

1.17.1.4

3eub, 3D-view

1.17.3.2

3eub, 3D-view

1.7.3.3

3l8w, 3D-view

2.4.2.22

1a96, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

2uz9, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

6oha, 3D-view

3.5.4.3

2 entries

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

k_cat Value (Turnover Number) (74 results)

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Show Turnover Number (74 entries)

EC NUMBER

TURNOVER NUMBER [1/S]

TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM [1/S]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.14.11.48

3

6

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme Q101A

731217

1.14.11.48

15

30

30°C, pH 7.4, value depending on preparation, enzyme isolated from Aspergillus nidulans

731289

1.14.11.48

32

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme C357A

731217

1.14.11.48

34

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme D138A

731217

1.14.11.48

35

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme Q356A

731217

1.14.11.48

38

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme N358A

731217

1.14.11.48

40

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme E137A

731217

1.14.11.48

60

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme K122A

731217

1.14.11.48

71.4

-

25°C, pH 7.4, recombinant enzyme isolated from Escherichia coli

731289

1.14.11.48

72

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, wild-type enzyme

731217

1.17.1.4

0.4

-

coexpression of genes xdhAB, conditions of low aeration, pH 7.8, 25°C

658630

1.17.1.4

0.99

-

wild-type, pH 8.5, 25°C

674374

1.17.1.4

1.35

-

mutant E803V, pH 8.5, 25°C

674374

1.17.1.4

2.5

-

electron acceptor: oxygen

644597

1.17.1.4

4.4

-

mutant E232A, pH 7.8, 25°C

659390

1.17.1.4

6.33

-

electron acceptor: NAD+

644588

1.17.1.4

12.2

-

electron acceptor: NAD+

644598

1.17.1.4

15

-

electron acceptor: oxygen

644588

1.17.1.4

18.33

-

wild-type, pH 8.5, 25°C

674374

1.17.1.4

22

-

pH 8.5, 40°C, Split166 mutant

744255

1.17.1.4

22.8

-

mutant E89K, electron acceptor: NAD+

644584

1.17.1.4

24.9

-

electron acceptor: NAD+

644584

1.17.1.4

25

-

pH and temperature not specified in the publication

744450

1.17.1.4

27

-

coexpression of genes xdhAB, conditions of high aeration, pH 7.8, 25°C

658630

1.17.1.4

31

-

recombinant enzyme, electron acceptor: phenazine methosulfate-cytochrome c

644560

1.17.1.4

31.6

-

pH 7.8, 25°C, mutant Q102G, with DCIP

704425

1.17.1.4

34.3

-

pH 7.8, 25°C, mutant Q102A, with DCIP

704425

1.17.1.4

39.5

-

pH 7.8, 25°C, mutant Q102A, with NAD+

704425

1.17.1.4

40.6

-

pH 7.8, 25°C, mutant Q102G, with NAD+

704425

1.17.1.4

66.1

-

pH 7.8, 25°C, wild-type enzyme, with DCIP

704425

1.17.1.4

77.5

-

pH 7.8, 25°C, wild-type enzyme, with NAD+

704425

1.17.1.4

86

-

coexpression of genes xdhABC, conditions of low aeration, pH 7.8, 25°C

658630

1.17.1.4

93

-

pH 8.5, 40°C, wild-type enzyme

744255

1.17.1.4

108

-

wild-type, pH 7.8, 25°C

659390

1.17.1.4

118

-

coexpression of genes xdhABC, conditions of high aeration, pH 7.8, 25°C

658630

1.17.1.4

120

-

electron acceptor: NAD+

644583

1.17.1.4

200

-

pH 8.5, 40°C, Split178 mutant

744255

1.17.3.2

0.41

-

xanthine oxidoreductase mutant W335A/F336L, pH 7.8, 25°C

674375

1.17.3.2

1.16

-

pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication, mutant E802Q

716010

1.17.3.2

1.35

-

pH 8.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant E308V

674374

1.17.3.2

2.14

-

pH 8.5, 25°c, recombinant mutant E232Q

745314

1.17.3.2

4.92

-

(+ O2)

644648

1.17.3.2

5.25

-

cofactor 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol

644648

1.17.3.2

9.73

-

xanthine oxidoreductase mutant W335A/F336L treated with dithiothreitol, pH 7.8, 25°C

674375

1.17.3.2

12.47

-

xanthine oxidoreductase mutant W335A/F336L, pH 7.8, 25°C

674375

1.17.3.2

16.2

-

pH 8.2, 23.5°C

393008

1.17.3.2

18.3

-

pH 8.5, 25°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme

674374

1.17.3.2

108

-

pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication, wild-type enzyme

716010

1.17.3.2

135

-

pH 8.5, 25°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme

745314

2.4.2.22

2

-

mutant E215Q, at 25°C, 40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

704046

2.4.2.22

3.5

-

-

638009

2.4.2.22

3.5

-

wild-type, at 25°C, 40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

704046

2.4.2.22

11

-

-

678193

2.4.2.22

16.4

-

mutant E198D/E215D, at 25°C, 40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

704046

2.4.2.22

17.5

-

mutant E215D, at 25°C, 40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

704046

2.4.2.22

23.3

-

mutant E198D, at 25°C, 40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

704046

2.4.2.22

150

-

-

638006

2.4.2.64

0.0000055

-

37°C, pH 7.3, mutant enzyme D143A

678191

2.4.2.64

0.0000088

-

37°C, pH 7.3, mutant enzyme D143N

678191

2.4.2.64

0.000069

-

37°C, pH 7.3, wild-type enzyme

678191

2.4.2.8

0.062

-

purified recombinant chimeric enzyme DS1

638416

2.4.2.8

0.07

-

pH 7.4, 22°C, recombinant mutant F36L

660798

2.4.2.8

0.08

-

pH 7.4, 28°C, recombinant chimeric mutant enzyme

706648

2.4.2.8

0.2

-

unactivated enzyme, at pH 7.4 and 23°C

736777

2.4.2.8

0.2

-

unactivated enzyme, in 100 mM Tris-HCl, at pH 7.4 and 23°C

736785

2.4.2.8

0.3

-

unactivated enzyme, in 10 mM potassium phosphate, at pH 7.4 and 23°C

736785

2.4.2.8

0.68

-

+/-0.04, 50°C

685403

2.4.2.8

0.8

-

activated enzyme, in 10 mM potassium phosphate, at pH 7.4 and 23°C

736785

2.4.2.8

1

-

activated enzyme, in 100 mM Tris-HCl, at pH 7.4 and 23°C

736785

2.4.2.8

1.2

-

pH 7.4, 22°C, recombinant mutant L44F

660798

2.4.2.8

1.6

-

IMP-activated enzyme, at pH 7.4 and 23°C

736777

2.4.2.8

2.2

-

+/-0.08, 70°C

685403

2.4.2.8

2.9

-

pH 7.4, 22°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme

660798

2.4.2.8

2.9

-

pH 7.4, 28°C, wild-type enzyme

706648

1.14.11.48

10 entries

1.17.1.4

27 entries

1.17.3.2

12 entries

2.4.2.22

8 entries

2.4.2.64

3 entries

2.4.2.8

14 entries

K_M Value (132 results)

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Show KM Value (132 entries)

EC NUMBER

KM VALUE [MM]

KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.14.11.48

-999

-

KM-value determined in crude extract: 0.023 mM

732527

1.14.11.48

0.045

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, wild-type enzyme

731217

1.14.11.48

0.0452

-

25°C, pH 7.4, recombinant enzyme isolated from Escherichia coli

731289

1.14.11.48

0.046

-

30°C, pH 7.4, enzyme isolated from Aspergillus nidulans

731289

1.14.11.48

0.057

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme Q356A

731217

1.14.11.48

0.058

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme C357A

731217

1.14.11.48

0.069

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme D138A

731217

1.14.11.48

0.071

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme E137A

731217

1.14.11.48

0.088

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme K122A

731217

1.14.11.48

0.122

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme Q101A

731217

1.14.11.48

0.554

-

pH 7.4, 25°C, mutant enzyme N358A

731217

1.17.1.4

0.0003

-

electron acceptor: NAD+

644588

1.17.1.4

0.0017

-

dehydrogenase type D, absence of NAD+

644580

1.17.1.4

0.002

-

oxidase type O, absence of NAD+

644580

1.17.1.4

0.00215

-

pH 7.2, 25°C

659580

1.17.1.4

0.0026

-

cosubstrate NAD+

644580

1.17.1.4

0.0045

-

electron acceptor: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol

644577

1.17.1.4

0.005

-

at pH 7.5, ping-pong-reaction mechanism, strongly pH-dependent

644609

1.17.1.4

0.00633

-

pH 7.2, 25°C

659580

1.17.1.4

0.00714

-

pH 7.2, 25°C

659580

1.17.1.4

0.00774

-

pH 7.2, 25°C

659580

1.17.1.4

0.0082

-

electron acceptor: NAD+

644568

1.17.1.4

0.0082

-

xanthine dehydrogenase activity

644604

1.17.1.4

0.0086

-

electron acceptor: nitroblue tetrazolium

644568

1.17.1.4

0.0088

-

wild-type, pH 8.5, 25°C

674374

1.17.1.4

0.012

-

electron acceptor: oxygen

644588

1.17.1.4

0.017

-

electron acceptor: ferricyanide

644570

1.17.1.4

0.017

-

pH 7.9, increasing Km with increasing pH

644613

1.17.1.4

0.017

-

pH 8.5

660263

1.17.1.4

0.018

-

electron acceptor: NAD+, 30°C

644595

1.17.1.4

0.0213

-

pH 7.4, 37°C, mutant D430H, Vmax (micromol/min/mg): 7.47

728624

1.17.1.4

0.02169

-

pH 7.4, 37°C, wild-type, Vmax (micromol/min/mg): 7.74

728624

1.17.1.4

0.02172

-

pH 7.4, 37°C, mutant D431A, Vmax (micromol/min/mg): 8.52

728624

1.17.1.4

0.02227

-

pH 7.4, 37°C, mutant N352A, Vmax (micromol/min/mg): 7.69

728624

1.17.1.4

0.0227

-

pH 7.8, 25°C, mutant Q102G, with NAD+

704425

1.17.1.4

0.02324

-

pH 7.4, 37°C, mutant R427E, Vmax (micromol/min/mg): 7.75

728624

1.17.1.4

0.0236

-

cosubstrate: NAD+

644605

1.17.1.4

0.024

-

ping-pong reaction mechanism

644610

1.17.1.4

0.02413

-

pH 7.4, 37°C, mutant G47A, Vmax (micromol/min/mg): 7.91

728624

1.17.1.4

0.029

-

electron acceptors: phenazine methosulfate/cytochrome c

644584

1.17.1.4

0.0293

-

pH 7.8, 25°C, mutant Q102A, with NAD+

704425

1.17.1.4

0.032

-

electron acceptor: NAD+

644560

1.17.1.4

0.0325

-

-

644608

1.17.1.4

0.035

-

immobilized enzyme preparation, pH 7.9, pH dependence, minimum Km at pH 8.1, increasing values below and above

644613

1.17.1.4

0.036

-

increased Km in the presence of pyridoxal at 30°C

644595

1.17.1.4

0.039

-

pH 7.4, 37°C, mutant K1230A, Vmax (micromol/min/mg): 4.02

728624

1.17.1.4

0.04

-

electron acceptor: NAD+, 50°C

644595

1.17.1.4

0.0442

-

pH 7.8, 25°C, wild-type enzyme, with NAD+

704425

1.17.1.4

0.0508

-

pH 7.4, 37°C, mutant S1227A, Vmax (micromol/min/mg): 3.94

728624

1.17.1.4

0.055

-

pH 8.5, 40°C, Split178 mutant

744255

1.17.1.4

0.059

-

increased Km in the presence of pyridoxal at 50°C

644595

1.17.1.4

0.061

-

wing preparation, cosubstrate: NAD+

644607

1.17.1.4

0.064

-

-

644561

1.17.1.4

0.064

-

wild-type, pH 7.8, 25°C

659390

1.17.1.4

0.06428

-

pH 7.4, 37°C, mutant S360P, Vmax (micromol/min/mg): 2.83

728624

1.17.1.4

0.0647

-

body preparation, cosubstrate: NAD+

644607

1.17.1.4

0.066

-

coexpression of genes xdhAB, conditions of high aeration, pH 7.8, 25°C

658630

1.17.1.4

0.066

-

electron acceptor: NAD+

644583

1.17.1.4

0.067

-

coexpression of genes xdhAB, conditions of low aeration, pH 7.8, 25°C

658630

1.17.1.4

0.067

-

electron acceptor: NADP+

644566

1.17.1.4

0.068

-

pH 8.5, 40°C, wild-type enzyme

744255

1.17.1.4

0.07

-

cosubstrate

644581

1.17.1.4

0.07

-

NAD+

644581

1.17.1.4

0.072

-

mutant E803V, pH 8.5, 25°C

674374

1.17.1.4

0.085

-

coexpression of genes xdhABC, conditions of high aeration, pH 7.8, 25°C

658630

1.17.1.4

0.096

-

pH 8.5, 40°C, Split166 mutant

744255

1.17.1.4

0.15

-

-

644616

1.17.1.4

0.163

-

mutant E232A, pH 7.8, 25°C

659390

1.17.1.4

1.35

-

electron acceptor: methyl viologen

644592

1.17.1.4

80.09

-

coexpression of genes xdhABC, conditions of low aeration, pH 7.8, 25°C

658630

1.17.3.2

0.00146

-

-

644644

1.17.3.2

0.0017

-

pH 8.1, 37°C, average value, wild-type enzyme

689359

1.17.3.2

0.0018

-

-

644633

1.17.3.2

0.002

-

-

644580

1.17.3.2

0.003

-

-

644628

1.17.3.2

0.0034

-

cell-associated enzyme, determined in intact cell monolayers

644632

1.17.3.2

0.0036

-

-

644632

1.17.3.2

0.0065

-

-

644646

1.17.3.2

0.0072

-

-

686529

1.17.3.2

0.0088

-

pH 8.5, 25°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme

674374

1.17.3.2

0.015

-

heparin-Sepharose 6B-bound enzyme

644628

1.17.3.2

0.017

-

pH 7.4, 37°C

745461

1.17.3.2

0.024

-

kidney enzyme

644647

1.17.3.2

0.025

-

-

644647

1.17.3.2

0.0264

-

membrane-bound enzyme

644640

1.17.3.2

0.0279

-

free enzyme

644640

1.17.3.2

0.032

-

pH 7, 50°C

728713

1.17.3.2

0.0552

-

pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication, mutant E802Q

716010

1.17.3.2

0.0644

-

pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication, wild-type enzyme

716010

1.17.3.2

0.072

-

pH 8.5, 25°C, recombinant mutant E308V

674374

1.17.3.2

0.0728

-

pH 8.5, 43°C

727706

1.17.3.2

0.088

-

cofactor 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol

644648

1.17.3.2

0.114

-

pH 8.5, 25°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme

745314

1.17.3.2

0.115

-

pH 8.5, 25°c, recombinant mutant E232Q

745314

1.17.3.2

0.13

-

-

644621, 644647

1.17.3.2

0.26

-

liver enzyme

644647

1.17.3.2

6.6

-

in presence of 2 mM NADH

657954

1.17.3.2

6.8

-

in presence of 0.5 mM 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde

657954

1.14.11.48

11 entries

1.17.1.4

59 entries

1.17.3.2

28 entries

1.2.3.1

1.7

-

-

390423

2.4.2.1

0.28

-

pH 6.0

489707

2.4.2.1

0.306

-

pH 7.5

489707

2.4.2.1

0.38

-

pH 6.0

489707

2.4.2.1

0.425

-

pH 7.0

489707

2.4.2.22

0.001

-

-

638002

2.4.2.22

0.0022

-

-

678193

2.4.2.22

0.003

-

-

638008

2.4.2.22

0.0043

-

pH and temperature not specified in the publication

759072

2.4.2.22

0.0071

-

-

638009

2.4.2.22

0.0073

-

wild-type, at 25°C, 40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

704046

2.4.2.22

0.0078

-

mutant E198D, at 25°C, 40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

704046

2.4.2.22

0.0199

-

mutant E215D, at 25°C, 40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

704046

2.4.2.22

0.02

-

-

638005

2.4.2.22

0.0305

-

-

638006

2.4.2.22

0.035

-

mutant E215Q, at 25°C, 40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

704046

2.4.2.22

0.0913

-

mutant E198D/E215D, at 25°C, 40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

704046

2.4.2.64

0.0026

-

37°C, pH 7.3, mutant enzyme D143N

678191

2.4.2.64

0.013

-

37°C, pH 7.3, mutant enzyme D143A

678191

2.4.2.64

0.224

-

37°C, pH 7.3, wild-type enzyme

678191

2.4.2.8

0.036

-

activated enzyme, in 10 mM potassium phosphate, at pH 7.4 and 23°C

736785

2.4.2.8

0.045

-

unactivated enzyme, in 10 mM potassium phosphate, at pH 7.4 and 23°C

736785

2.4.2.8

0.078

-

unactivated enzyme, at pH 7.4 and 23°C

736777

2.4.2.8

0.078

-

unactivated enzyme, in 100 mM Tris-HCl, at pH 7.4 and 23°C

736785

2.4.2.8

0.095

-

+/-0.0084 mM, 70°C

685403

2.4.2.8

0.101

-

IMP-activated enzyme, at pH 7.4 and 23°C

736777

2.4.2.8

0.1012

-

+/-0.0101 mM, 50°C

685403

2.4.2.8

0.17

-

recombinant enzyme, with 5-phosphoribosyl 1-diphosphate, pH 8.5

638414

2.4.2.8

0.261

-

pH 7.4, 22°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme

660798

2.4.2.8

0.287

-

pH 7.4, 22°C, recombinant mutant F36L

660798

2.4.2.8

0.3

-

above, purified recombinant chimeric enzyme DS1

638416

2.4.2.8

0.332

-

pH 7.4, 28°C, recombinant chimeric mutant enzyme

706648

2.4.2.8

0.42

-

recombinant enzyme, pH 8.5

638414

2.4.2.8

0.853

-

pH 7.4, 22°C, recombinant mutant L44F

660798

2.4.2.1

4 entries

2.4.2.22

12 entries

2.4.2.64

3 entries

2.4.2.8

14 entries

K_i Value (12 results)

top print hide

Show KI Value (12 entries)

EC NUMBER

KI VALUE [MM]

KI VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

1.17.3.1

0.016

-

-

437991

1.17.3.2

0.08

-

-

657954

1.7.3.3

0.041

-

more than 0.03 mM

672697

1.7.3.3

0.055

-

unmodified enzyme, 50 mM borate buffer, 25°C, pH 9.2

711515

1.7.3.3

0.1

-

unmodified enzyme, 50 mM borate buffer, 40°C, pH 9.2

711515

1.7.3.3

4.5

-

competitive with urate

394180

1.7.3.3

4 entries

2.4.2.22

0.024

-

-

638005

2.4.2.64

0.09

-

37°C, pH 7.3, mutant enzyme D143T

678191

2.4.2.64

0.12

-

37°C, pH 7.3, mutant enzyme D143S

678191

2.4.2.64

2 entries

2.4.2.7

0.8

-

above

638004

2.4.2.8

0.14

-

-

638401

3.5.4.3

0.00196

-

in 25 mM Tris-HCl, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, at pH 7.4 and 25°C

711469

IC₅₀ Value (3 results)

top print hide

Show IC50 Value (3 entries)

EC NUMBER

IC50 VALUE

IC50 VALUE MAXIMUM

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

2.3.1.1

0.17

-

pH 7.4, 37°C

719937

6.3.4.2

0.23

-

pH 8.0, Gln-dependent CTP formation

702613

6.3.4.2

0.37

-

pH 8.0, NH3-dependent CTP formation

702613

6.3.4.2

2 entries

References & Links

Literature References (294)

top print hide

Show Reference (294 entries)

BRENDA REFERENCE ID

PUBMED ID

TITLE

YEAR

AUTHORS

JOURNAL

VOLUME

PAGES

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Inhibitors of glyoxalase enzymes

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Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

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Some enzymes of nucleoside metabolism of Escherichia coli

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Koch, A.L.

J. Biol. Chem.

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137115

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Purine salvage enzymes in man and Leishmania donovani

1980

Krenitsky, T.A.; Koszalka, G.W.; Tuttle, J.V.; Adamczyk, D.L.; Elion, G.B.; Marr, J.J.

Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.

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Nucleosidases from Leishmania donovani. Pyrimidine ribonucleosidase, purine ribonucleosidase, and a novel purine 2-deoxyribonucleosidase

1979

Koszalka, G.W.; Krenitsky, T.A.

J. Biol. Chem.

254

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137117

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Purification and properties of nucleoside hydrolase from Pseudomonas fluorescens

1967

Terada, M.; Tatibana, M.; Hayaishi, O.

J. Biol. Chem.

242

5578-5585

172174

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Some properties of adenine deaminase of Pseudomonas synxantha

1979

Jun, H.K.; Sakai, T.

J. Ferment. Technol.

57

294-299

172175

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Purification and characterisation of adenine deaminase in Pseudomonas synxantha

1978

Sakai, T.; Jun, H.K.

J. Ferment. Technol.

56

257-265

209585

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Purification and characterization of guanine aminohydrolase from human liver

1985

Kimm, S.W.; Park, J.B.; Lee, I.S.

Korean J. Biochem.

17

139-148

209589

7040358

Guanine deaminase from rat brain. Purification, characteristics, and contribution to ammoniagenesis in the brain

1982

Miyamoto, S.; Ogawa, H.; Shiraki, H.; Nakagawa, H.

J. Biochem.

91

167-176

246662

16657604

Uricase and allantoinase in glyoxysomes

1971

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Plant Physiol.

47

246-251

390370

11913970

Xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase: A simple procedure for the simultaneous purification from rat liver

2002

Maia, L.; Mira, L.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

400

48-53

390423

8262244

Retinal oxidase is identical to aldehyde oxidase

1993

Tomita, S.; Tsujita, M.; Ichikawa, Y.

FEBS Lett.

336

272-274

392993

3680253

The structure of the molybdenum cofactor. Characterization of di-(carboxamidomethyl)molybdopterin from sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase

1987

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J. Biol. Chem.

262

16357-16363

393001

6892571

Characterization of the molybdenum cofactor of sulfite oxidase, xanthine, oxidase, and nitrate reductase. Identification of a pteridine as a structural component

1980

Johnson, J.L.; Hainline, B.E.; Rajagopalan, K.V.

J. Biol. Chem.

255

1783-1786

393008

-

Molybdenum iron-sulfur flavin hydroxylases and related enzymes

1975

Bray, R.C.

The Enzymes, 3rd Ed. (Boyer, P. D. , ed. )

12

299-419

394144

7287651

Purification and properties of urate oxidase from Streptomyces cyanogenus

1981

Ohe, T.; Watanabe, Y.

J. Biochem.

89

1769-1776

394145

7248313

Purification and some properties of urate oxidase from nitrogen-fixing nodules of cowpea

1981

Rainbird, R.M.; Atkins, C.A.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

659

132-140

394150

728443

Uricase of Bacillus fastidiosus. Properties and regulation of synthesis

1978

Bongaerts, G.P.A.; Uitzetter, J.; Brouns, R.; Vogels, G.D.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

527

348-358

394180

9125493

Kinetic mechanism and cofactor content of soybean root nodule urate oxidase

1997

Kahn, K.; Tipton, P.A.

Biochemistry

36

4731-4738

394183

11910495

Urate oxidase from the rust Puccinia recondita is a heterotetramer with two different-sized monomers

2002

Aguilar, M.; Montalbini, P.; Pineda, M.

Curr. Microbiol.

44

257-261

394188

-

Uricase from leaves. Its purification and characterization from three different higher plants

1997

Montalbini, P.; Redondo, J.; Caballero, J.L.; Cardenas, J.; Pineda, M.

Planta

202

277-283

394190

-

Isolation and characterization of uricase from bean leaves and its comparison with uredospore enzymes

1999

Montalbini, P.; Aguilar, M.; Pineda, M.

Plant Sci.

147

139-147

394699

6960894

Purification and properties of a new glutathione-dependent thiol:disulphide oxidoreductase from rat liver

1982

Battelli, M.G.; Lorenzoni, E.

Biochem. J.

207

133-138

437991

-

Detection of a pteridine oxidase in plants

1980

Hong, Y.N.

Plant Sci. Lett.

18

169-175

489707

12180982

Xanthosine and xanthine. Substrate properties with purine nucleoside phosphorylases, and relevance to other enzyme systems

2002

Stoychev, G.; Kierdaszuk, B.; Shugar, D.

Eur. J. Biochem.

269

4048-4057

637789

14235538

3-Ribosylpurines. I.Synthesis of (3-ribosyluric acid) 5´phosphate and (3-ribosylxanthine) 5´phosphate by a pyrimidine ribonucleotide pyrophosphorylase

1964

Hatfield, D.; Wyngaarden, J.B.

J. Biol. Chem.

239

2580-2586

638002

4910918

Guanine and xanthine phosphoribosyltransfer activities of Lactobacillus casei and Escherichia coli. Their relationship to hypoxanthine and adenine phosphoribosyltransfer activities

1970

Krenitsky, T.A.; Neil, S.M.; Miller, R.L.

J. Biol. Chem.

245

2605-2611

638003

7131352

Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase in Leishmania: divalent cation activation

1982

Kidder, G.W.; Nolan, L.L.

J. Protozool.

29

405-409

638004

7356667

Purine phosphoribosyltransferases from Leishmania donovani

1980

Tuttle, J.V.; Krenitsky, T.A.

J. Biol. Chem.

255

909-916

638005

4216296

Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase from Streptococcus faecalis. Properties and specificity

1974

Miller, R.L.; Adamczyk, D.L.; Fyfe, J.A.; Elion, G.B.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

165

349-358

638006

9100006

Crystal structure of Escherichia coli xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase

1997

Vos, S.; de Jersey, J.; Martin, J.L.

Biochemistry

36

4125-4134

638007

10217799

Isolation and characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae XPT1 gene encoding xanthine phosphoribosyl transferase

1999

Guetsova, M.L.; Crother, T.R.; Taylor, M.W.; Daignan-Fornier, B.

J. Bacteriol.

181

2984-2986

638008

7503772

Structure-activity relationships for the binding of ligands to xanthine or guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from Toxoplasma gondii

1995

Naguib, F.N.M.; Iltzsch, M.H.; el Kouni, M.M.; Panzica, R.P.; el Kouni, M.H.

Biochem. Pharmacol.

50

1685-1693

638009

10567419

Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase from Leishmania donovani. Molecular cloning, biochemical characterization, and genetic analysis

1999

Jardim, A.; Bergeson, S.E.; Shih, S.; Carter, N.; Lucas, R.W.; Merlin, G.; Myler, P.J.; Stuart, K.; Ullman, B.

J. Biol. Chem.

274

34403-34410

638040

13563482

Purification and properties of trans-N-deoxyribosylase

1958

Roush, A.H.; Betz, R.F.

J. Biol. Chem.

233

261-266

638042

692395

Nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase from Lactobacillus helveticus

1978

Cardinaud, R.

Methods Enzymol.

51

446-455

638043

1175597

trans-N-Deoxyribosylase: substrate specificity studies. Purine bases as acceptors

1975

Holguin, J.; Cardinaud, R.

Eur. J. Biochem.

54

515-520

638165

-

Purification and characterization of an adenine phosphoribosyltransferase from rubber tree latex. Physiological implications

1996

Gallois, R.; Prevot, J.C.; Clement, A.; Jacob, J.L.

Plant Physiol. Biochem.

34

527-537

638358

-

Nucleotide synthesis from 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate

1963

Flaks, J.G.

Methods Enzymol.

6

136-158

638388

3574349

Purification of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase of Plasmodium lophurae

1987

Schimandle, C.M.; Mole, L.A.; Sherman, I.W.

Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.

23

39-45

638391

692401

Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase and guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from enteric bacteria

1978

Hochstadt, J.

Methods Enzymol.

51

549-558

638393

-

Purification and properties of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase from Streptomyces cyanogenus

1980

Ohe, T.; Watanabe, Y.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

44

1999-2006

638400

4347700

Guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from Escherichia coli, specificity and properties

1972

Miller, R.L.; Ramsey, G.A.; Krenitsky, T.A.; Elion, G.B.

Biochemistry

11

4723-4731

638401

6170313

Purification and characterization of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1981

Nussbaum, R.L.; Caskey, C.T.

Biochemistry

20

4584-4590

638403

3087975

Purification and characterization of guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from Giardia lamblia

1986

Aldritt, S.M.; Wang, C.C.

J. Biol. Chem.

261

8528-8533

638406

10545171

Crystal structure of Toxoplasma gondii hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase with XMP, pyrophosphate, and two Mg2+ Ions Bound: insights into the catalytic mechanism

1999

Heroux, A.; White, E.L.; Ross, L.J.; Davis, R.L.; Borhani, D.W.

Biochemistry

38

14495-14506

638407

10545170

Crystal structures of the Toxoplasma gondii hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-GMP and -IMP complexes: comparison of purine binding interactions with the XMP complex

1999

Heroux, A.; White, E.L.; Ross, L.J.; Borhani, D.W.

Biochemistry

38

14485-14494

638410

9521725

Steady-state kinetics of the hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase from Tritrichomonas foetus: the role of threonine-47

1998

Munagala, N.R.; Chin, M.S.; Wang, C.C.

Biochemistry

37

4045-4051

638411

9603483

Hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in Cryptosporidium parvum

1998

Doyle, P.S.; Kanaani, J.; Wang, C.C.

Exp. Parasitol.

89

9-15

638412

9843428

Altering the purine specificity of hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase from Tritrichomonas foetus by structure-based point mutations in the enzyme protein

1998

Munagala, N.R.; Wang, C.C.

Biochemistry

37

16612-16619

638414

10029307

Purification and characterization of Plasmodium falciparum hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase and comparison with the human enzyme

1999

Keough, D.T.; Ng, A.L.; Winzor, D.J.; Emmerson, B.T.; de Jersey, J.

Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.

98

29-41

638415

10092838

Point mutations in the guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from Giardia lamblia modulate pyrophosphate binding and enzyme catalysis

1999

Page, J.P.; Munagala, N.R.; Wang, C.C.

Eur. J. Biochem.

259

565-571

638416

10833458

Unusual substrate specificity of a chimeric hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase containing segments from the Plasmodium falciparum and human enzymes

2000

Sujay Subbayya, I.N.; Sukumaran, S.; Shivashankar, K.; Balaram, H.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

272

596-602

639636

14085385

An intestinal phosphorylase for uric ribonucleoside

1963

Laster, L.; Blair, A.

J. Biol. Chem.

238

3348-3357

644555

-

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase isolated from bovine milk

2000

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Application of HPLC to study the kinetics of a branched bi-enzyme system consisting of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and xanthine oxidase - an important biochemical system to evaluate the efficiency of the anticancer drug 6-mercaptopurine

2007

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2006

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Biochemistry

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The extraordinary specificity of xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase from Bacillus subtilis elucidated by reaction kinetics, ligand binding, and crystallography

2006

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Biochemistry

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Role of extracellular superoxide in neutrophil activation: interactions between xanthine oxidase and TLR4 induce proinflammatory cytokine production

2008

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A comparison of reactive oxygen species metabolism in the rat aorta and vena cava: focus on xanthine oxidase

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2007

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2007

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Structure-activity relationship of coumarin derivatives on xanthine oxidase-inhibiting and free radical-scavenging activities

2008

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2007

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Biochemistry (Moscow)

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Biochemical and structural characterization of the hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase from Pyrococcus horikoshii

2008

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Biochim. Biophys. Acta

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The screening and characterization of 6-aminopurine-based xanthine oxidase inhibitors

2007

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Preferential inhibition of xanthine oxidase by 2-amino-6-hydroxy-8-mercaptopurine and 2-amino-6-purine thiol

2007

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BMC Biochem.

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2008

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Lithospermic acid as a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor has anti-inflammatory and hypouricemic effects in rats

2008

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Chem. Biol. Interact.

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2008

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Laminar xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the prodromal stage of black-walnut induced equine laminitis

2007

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Synthesis of N-aryl-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazole derivatives as potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors

2008

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Treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, improves nerve and vascular function in diabetic rats

2007

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Structure-activity relationship of C6-C3 phenylpropanoids on xanthine oxidase-inhibiting and free radical-scavenging activities

2007

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Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and mitochondrial electron transport system mediate heat shock-induced MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression

2008

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Free Radic. Biol. Med.

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2007

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Antioxidant activity of minimally processed red chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) evaluated in xanthine oxidase-, myeloperoxidase-, and diaphorase-catalyzed reactions

2008

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J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Substrate orientation in xanthine oxidase: crystal structure of enzyme in reaction with 2-hydroxy-6-methylpurine

2008

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Xanthine oxidase inhibition improves left ventricular dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathic hamsters

2008

Hayashi, K.; Kimata, H.; Obata, K.; Matsushita, A.; Fukata, A.; Hashimoto, K.; Noda, A.; Iwase, M.; Koike, Y.; Yokota, M.; Nagata, K.

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The effect of age and gender on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase

2008

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Microbial and xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitory activity of some flavones

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Renierol from marine sponge Haliclona sp.: a natural inhibitor of xanthine oxidase with hypouricemic effects

2008

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J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem.

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Superoxide radicals scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of magnesium lithospermate B from Salvia miltiorrhiza

2008

Liu, X.; Chen, R.; Shang, Y.; Jiao, B.; Huang, C.

J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem.

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Xanthine oxidase-derived extracellular superoxide anions stimulate activator protein 1 activity and hypertrophy in human vascular smooth muscle via c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases

2007

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J. Hypertens.

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Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and xanthine oxidase regulate nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species productions by apoptotic lymphocyte microparticles in endothelial cells

2008

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Chronic xanthine oxidase inhibition following myocardial infarction in rabbits: effects of early versus delayed treatment

2008

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Treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat lowers uric acid and alleviates systemic and glomerular hypertension in experimental hyperuricaemia

2008

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Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.

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Kynurenic acid inhibits intestinal hypermotility and xanthine oxidase activity during experimental colon obstruction in dogs

2008

Kaszaki, J.; Palasthy, Z.; Erczes, D.; Racz, A.; Torday, C.; Varga, G.; Vecsei, L.; Boros, M.

Neurogastroenterol. Motil.

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Mechanism of transition from xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase: Effect of guanidine-HCl or urea on the activity

2008

Tsujii, A.; Nishino, T.

Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids

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Functional characterization of human xanthine oxidase allelic variants

2008

Kudo, M.; Moteki, T.; Sasaki, T.; Konno, Y.; Ujiie, S.; Onose, A.; Mizugaki, M.; Ishikawa, M.; Hiratsuka, M.

Pharmacogenet. Genomics

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Molecular cloning, characterization and regulation of two different NADH-glutamate synthase cDNAs in bean nodules

2008

Blanco, L.; Reddy, P.M.; Silvente, S.; Bucciarelli, B.; Khandual, S.; Alvarado-Affantranger, X.; Sanchez, F.; Miller, S.; Vance, C.; Lara-Flores, M.

Plant Cell Environ.

31

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The dual actions of Paederia scandens extract as a hypouricemic agent: xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and uricosuric effect

2008

Yan, H.; Ma, Y.; Liu, M.; Zhou, L.

Planta Med.

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Single exposure gamma-irradiation amplifies xanthine oxidase activity and induces endothelial dysfunction in rat aorta

2007

Soucy, K.G.; Lim, H.K.; Benjo, A.; Santhanam, L.; Ryoo, S.; Shoukas, A.A.; Vazquez, M.E.; Berkowitz, D.E.

Radiat. Environ. Biophys.

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The potential role for xanthine oxidase inhibition in major intra-abdominal surgery

2008

Mittal, A.; Phillips, A.R.; Loveday, B.; Windsor, J.A.

World J. Surg.

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In vitro drug-drug interaction studies with febuxostat, a novel non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase: plasma protein binding, identification of metabolic enzymes and cytochrome P450 inhibition

2008

Mukoyoshi, M.; Nishimura, S.; Hoshide, S.; Umeda, S.; Kanou, M.; Taniguchi, K.; Muroga, H.

Xenobiotica

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Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on aldehyde oxidase activity

2009

Pirouzpanah, S.; Hanaee, J.; Razavieh, S.V.; Rashidi, M.R.

J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem.

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Functional and structural alterations induced by copper in xanthine oxidase

2009

Hadizadeh, M.; Keyhani, E.; Keyhani, J.; Khodadadi, C.

Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin.

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Catalytic activity and stability of xanthine oxidase in aqueous-organic mixtures

2009

Rashidi, M.R.; Soruraddin, M.H.; Taherzadeh, F.; Jouyban, A.

Biochemistry (Moscow)

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Inhibition of CTP synthase from Escherichia coli by xanthines and uric acids

2010

Roy, A.C.; Lunn, F.A.; Bearne, S.L.

Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.

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Brain purine metabolism and xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase conversion in hyperammonemia are under control of NMDA receptors and nitric oxide

2009

Kaminsky, Y.; Kosenko, C.I.e.

Brain Res.

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Effects of allopurinol on uric acid concentrations, xanthine oxidoreductase activity and oxidative stress in broiler chickens

2009

Carro, M.D.; Falkenstein, E.; Radke, W.J.; Klandorf, H.

Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C

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Mammalian xanthine oxidoreductase - mechanism of transition from xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase

2008

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FEBS J.

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Acidic residues in the purine binding site govern the 6-oxopurine specificity of the Leishmania donovani xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase

2010

Ullman, B.; Cyr, N.; Choi, K.; Jardim, A.

Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.

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The mechanism of assembly and cofactor insertion into Rhodobacter capsulatus xanthine dehydrogenase

2008

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Nitro-oleic acid, a novel and irreversible inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase

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2009

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2009

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J. Biol. Sci.

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Orange juice and hesperetin supplementation to hyperuricemic rats alter oxidative stress markers and xanthine oxidoreductase activity

2009

Haidari, F.; Ali Keshavarz, S.; Reza Rashidi, M.; Mohammad Shahi, M.

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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Xanthine dehydrogenase processes retinol to retinoic acid in human mammary epithelial cells

2008

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J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem.

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Inhibition of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase by acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: a new class of antimalarial therapeutics

2009

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Hydroxychavicol: a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor obtained from the leaves of betel, Piper betle

2009

Murata, K.; Nakao, K.; Hirata, N.; Namba, K.; Nomi, T.; Kitamura, Y.; Moriyama, K.; Shintani, T.; Iinuma, M.; Matsuda, H.

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Inhibition studies of bovine xanthine oxidase by luteolin, silibinin, quercetin, and curcumin

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On-chip assay for determining the inhibitory effects and modes of action of drugs against xanthine oxidase

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J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.

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Effects of onion on serum uric acid levels and hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase activities in hyperuricemic rats

2008

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Pak. J. Biol. Sci.

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Xanthine dehydrogenase AtXDH1 from Arabidopsis thaliana is a potent producer of superoxide anions via its NADH oxidase activity

2009

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Lonicera hypoglauca inhibits xanthine oxidase and reduces serum uric acid in mice

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Chien, S.C.; Yang, C.W.; Tseng, Y.H.; Tsay, H.S.; Kuo, Y.H.; Wang, S.Y.

Planta Med.

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Crystal structure of a chimera of human and Plasmodium falciparum hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferases provides insights into oligomerization

2008

Gayathri, P.; Sujay Subbayya, I.; Ashok, C.; Senthamizh Selvi, T.; Balaram, H.; Murthy, M.

Proteins

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FYX-051, a xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor, induces nephropathy in rats, but not in monkeys

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Identification of small molecule compounds with higher binding affinity to guanine deaminase (cypin) than guanine

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Bioorg. Med. Chem.

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Effects of modification of amino groups with poly(ethylene glycol) on a recombinant uricase from Bacillus fastidiosus

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Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.

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Synthesis and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of 7-methyl-2-(phenoxymethyl)-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one derivatives

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Sathisha, K.R.; Khanum, S.A.; Chandra, J.N.; Ayisha, F.; Balaji, S.; Marathe, G.K.; Gopal, S.; Rangappa, K.S.

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The structure of formaldehyde-inhibited xanthine oxidase determined by 35 GHz 2H ENDOR spectroscopy

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