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Ligand phosphatidylglycerol

Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure

Pathway Source

Pathways

BRENDA

cardiolipin biosynthesis

KEGG

Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Teichoic acid biosynthesis

MetaCyc

cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis (Xanthomonas), cardiolipin biosynthesis I, cardiolipin biosynthesis II, cardiolipin biosynthesis III, lipoprotein posttranslational modification, phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis I, phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis II, phosphatidylglycerol degradation, poly(glycerol phosphate) wall teichoic acid biosynthesis, poly(ribitol phosphate) wall teichoic acid biosynthesis I (B. subtilis), poly(ribitol phosphate) wall teichoic acid biosynthesis II (S. aureus), type I lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis (S. aureus), type IV lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis (S. pneumoniae) more

Show all BRENDA pathways known for phosphatidylglycerol

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Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (11 results)

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Show Natural Substrate (11 entries)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

2.3.2.11

L-alanyl-tRNAAla + phosphatidylglycerol = tRNAAla + 3-O-L-alanyl-1-O-phosphatidylglycerol

705780, 705781, 737171

-

2.3.2.3

L-lysyl-tRNALys + phosphatidylglycerol = tRNALys + 3-O-L-lysyl-1-O-phosphatidylglycerol

757555, 746544, 758524, 745351, 757359, 757073

-

2.3.2.3

L-lysyl-tRNALys + phosphatidylglycerol = tRNALys + 3-phosphatidyl-1'-(3'-O-L-lysyl)glycerol

705529, 706461, 706463, 659064

-

2.3.2.3

2 entries

2.7.8.20

phosphatidylglycerol + membrane-derived oligosaccharide D-glucose = sn-1,2-diacylglycerol + beta-D-glucoside-6-phosphoglycerol

644445, 644446, 644448

-

2.7.8.41

a CDP-diacylglycerol + a phosphatidyl-glycerol = a cardiolipin + CMP

728227

-

2.7.8.41

a CDP-diacylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol = a cardiolipin + CMP

727808, 727862, 738289, 739118, 728326

-

2.7.8.41

a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol = a cardiolipin + glycerol

739118

-

2.7.8.41

3 entries

2.7.8.B10

a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol = a cardiolipin + glycerol

739625, 726689, 738526, 738264, 739118

-

2.7.8.B11

a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylethanolamine = a cardiolipin + ethanolamine

739625

-

3.1.1.26

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = ?

749696

-

3.1.4.4

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + phosphatidic acid

710281, 707556, 709835

-

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (1 result)

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Show Natural Product (1 entry)

EC NUMBER

PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

3.1.3.27

phosphatidylglycerophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylglycerol + phosphate

0

-

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (40 results)

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Show Substrate (40 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

2.1.1.16

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidylglycerol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ?

485163

-

2.1.1.79

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidylglycerol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ?

485631

-

2.3.1.269

phosphatidylglycerol + [apolipoprotein]-S-1,2-diacyl-sn-glyceryl-L-cysteine = 1-lyso-phosphatidylglycerol + [lipoprotein]-N-acyl-S-1,2-diacyl-sn-glyceryl-L-cysteine

758353

-

2.3.2.11

L-alanyl-tRNAAla + phosphatidylglycerol = tRNAAla + 3-O-L-alanyl-1-O-phosphatidylglycerol

705780, 705781, 719738, 737171, 720495, 487794

-

2.3.2.11

microhelix A + phosphatidylglycerol = ?

720495

-

2.3.2.11

microhelix B + phosphatidylglycerol = ?

720495

-

2.3.2.11

microhelix C + phosphatidylglycerol = ?

720495

-

2.3.2.11

microhelix D + phosphatidylglycerol = ?

720495

-

2.3.2.11

microhelix E + phosphatidylglycerol = ?

720495

-

2.3.2.3

L-lysyl-tRNALys + phosphatidylglycerol = tRNALys + 3-O-L-lysyl-1-O-phosphatidylglycerol

659890, 757555, 746544, 758524, 745351, 757359, 757073

-

2.3.2.3

L-lysyl-tRNALys + phosphatidylglycerol = tRNALys + 3-phosphatidyl-1'-(3'-O-L-lysyl)glycerol

659890, 705529, 706461, 706463, 487973, 659064

-

2.7.8.20

phosphatidylglycerol + (R)-alpha[(6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxyl]benzeneacetonitrile = sn-1,2-diacylglycerol + (R)-alpha[(6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxyl]benzeneacetonitrile-6-phosphoglycerol

644445

-

2.7.8.20

phosphatidylglycerol + beta-gentiobiose = sn-1,2-diacylglycerol + beta-gentiobiose-6-phosphoglycerol

644445, 644447

-

2.7.8.20

phosphatidylglycerol + membrane-derived oligosaccharide D-glucose = sn-1,2-diacylglycerol + beta-D-glucoside-6-phosphoglycerol

644445, 644446, 644448

-

2.7.8.20

phosphatidylglycerol + o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside = sn-1,2-diacylglycerol + o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside-6-phosphoglycerol

644445

-

2.7.8.20

phosphatidylglycerol + octyl-beta-D-glucoside = sn-1,2-diacylglycerol + octyl-beta-D-glucoside-6-phosphoglycerol

644445

-

2.7.8.20

phosphatidylglycerol + p-hydroxyphenyl-beta-D-glucoside = sn-1,2-diacylglycerol + p-hydroxyphenyl-beta-D-glucoside-6-phosphoglycerol

644445, 644446, 644447

-

2.7.8.20

phosphatidylglycerol + p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside = sn-1,2-diacylglycerol + p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside-6-phosphoglycerol

644445

-

2.7.8.41

a CDP-diacylglycerol + a phosphatidyl-glycerol = a cardiolipin + CMP

728227

-

2.7.8.41

a CDP-diacylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol = a cardiolipin + CMP

727808, 728227, 727862, 728326, 738289, 739118

-

2.7.8.41

a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol = a cardiolipin + glycerol

739118

-

2.7.8.B10

a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidyl-glycerol = a cardiolipin + glycerol

727789

-

2.7.8.B10

a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidyl-glycerol = a cardiolipin + glycerol

727789

-

2.7.8.B10

a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol = a cardiolipin + glycerol

727710, 739625, 727058, 728702, 726689, 738526, 738264, 739118, 727063

-

2.7.8.B10

a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylglycerol = cardiolipin + glycerol

761454

-

2.3.2.11

6 entries

2.3.2.3

2 entries

2.7.8.20

7 entries

2.7.8.41

3 entries

2.7.8.B10

4 entries

2.7.8.B11

a phosphatidylglycerol + a phosphatidylethanolamine = a cardiolipin + ethanolamine

739625

-

3.1.1.26

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = ?

94300, 694587, 692412, 749696, 94299, 94291, 94293, 94294, 94301

-

3.1.1.3

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = ?

729664

-

3.1.1.32

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = ?

94303, 94324, 94320, 94311

-

3.1.1.4

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = 1-acylglycerol + fatty acid

133918, 133920, 133931, 133911, 133925, 133908, 133907, 133909

-

3.1.1.5

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = lysophosphatidylglycerol + a carboxylate

649683

-

3.1.4.12

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + glycerolphosphate

135149

-

3.1.4.3

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

135301, 135308

-

3.1.4.3

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol + sn-glycerol-3-phosphate

730009

-

3.1.4.4

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = ?

650337

-

3.1.4.4

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + 1,2-diacylglycerophosphate

664423

-

3.1.4.4

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + diacylglycerophosphate

135446, 135426

-

3.1.4.4

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + phosphatidate

751163, 716035, 751819

-

3.1.4.4

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + phosphatidic acid

710281, 707106, 707556, 709835

-

3.1.4.4

phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = phosphatidate + glycerol

694639, 694606

-

3.1.4.3

2 entries

3.1.4.4

6 entries

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (6 results)

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Show Product (6 entries)

EC NUMBER

REACTION

REACTION DIAGRAM

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

2.7.8.8

CDP-diacylglycerol + glycerol = CMP + phosphatidylglycerol

643776

-

3.1.3.27

phosphatidylglycerophosphate + H2O = 3-phosphatidylglycerol + phosphate

94817

-

3.1.3.27

phosphatidylglycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = phosphatidylglycerol + phosphate

0

-

3.1.3.27

phosphatidylglycerophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylglycerol + phosphate

4768, 4778, 94809, 94810, 94811, 94816, 94812, 94808, 94814, 0, 94818

-

3.1.3.27

3 entries

3.1.4.4

phosphatidylcholine + glycerol = phosphatidylglycerol + choline

0

-

3.6.1.27

phosphatidylglycerol phosphate + H2O = phosphatidylglycerol + phosphate

0

-

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (66 results)

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Show Activating Compound (66 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.101

micelles, activation, in presence of Triton X-100, slight stimulation at low concentrations

285690

-

1.3.1.33

active complexes of PORB preferentially bind to the lipid membranes due to the interaction with phosphatidylglycerol

762710

-

1.3.1.33

isoform PORC can bind chlorophyllide without the lipids under low NADPH concentrations. When the lipid concentration is high, PORC can oligomerize on the lipid membrane, which increases its activity

762710

-

1.3.1.33

the interaction with PG increases the affinity of the PORA towards NADPH, so active PORA complexes preferentially bind to the lipid membranes

762710

-

1.3.3.3

2.7fold activation at 0.5 mg/ml

390964

-

1.3.3.3

activation in intact and sonicated mitochondria up to 135%

390943

-

1.3.1.33

3 entries

1.3.3.3

2 entries

1.7.2.5

-

395132

-

2.3.1.15

-

486357, 486358, 486372

-

2.3.1.15

1.5 mM, 30-40fold activation of solubilized enzyme, inhibiton above

486363

-

2.3.1.15

highest activation of reconstituted mitochondrial acyltransferase in the presence of Lubrol PX

486378

-

2.3.1.15

required for activation and stabilization

486366

-

2.3.1.15

4 entries

2.3.1.269

-

747801

-

2.4.1.109

-

657566

-

2.4.1.173

increases Vmax

637768

-

2.4.1.208

-

661626

-

2.4.1.208

enzyme needs a polar activator lipid, preferably phosphatidylglycerol at concentrations of 25-30 mol% in zwitterionic mixed CHAPS bilayer-like aggregates

488887

-

2.4.1.208

in vivo amounts are not enough for efficient diglucosyldiacylglycerol synthesis

488888

-

2.4.1.208

liquid-crystalline phosphatidylglycerol

488885

-

2.4.1.208

4 entries

2.4.1.337

anionic amphiphiles are essential for the restoration of a proper conformation. Amphiphilic environment with a critical fraction of negatively charged headgroups induces a catalytic, active site conformation of the enzyme

639548

-

2.4.1.38

activation

489511

-

2.4.1.46

best activator of partially purified, delipidated enzyme

489231

-

2.4.1.54

requirement

489288

-

2.4.1.83

relative activity: 356%

692257

-

2.4.1.90

activation

489511

-

2.4.1.92

activation, detergent-free assay

587166, 587167

-

2.4.1.92

stimulates the activity of GM2 synthase without disrupting the vesicular intactness

744829

-

2.4.1.92

2 entries

2.4.1.B64

presence of 10 mM in assay, enhances activity

735439

-

2.5.1.31

marked effect in activating lipid-depleted enzyme

637476

-

2.5.1.39

-

637001

-

2.7.1.107

good activator

640361

-

2.7.1.107

effective stimulation

640355

-

2.7.1.107

2 entries

2.7.1.174

-

687738

-

2.7.1.197

-

736548

-

2.7.11.15

activates, phosphorylation of beta2-AR

645028

-

2.7.7.14

slightly stimulating

642885

-

2.7.7.15

-

663437, 690911

-

2.7.8.13

activity is stimulated 5-10fold by inclusion of 0.1 mg/ml in both radiochemical and fluorescence enhancement assays

645340

-

2.7.8.14

stimulates 4fold 0.36 mM

645346

-

2.7.8.15

2- to 3fold maximal stimulation at 0.06 mg/ml

645354

-

2.7.8.15

activity is slightly enhanced

645356

-

2.7.8.15

solubilized enzyme is stimulated by exogenously added phospholipids in order of increasing activity: phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine

645351

-

2.7.8.15

3 entries

2.7.8.8

membrane association and activity of PtdSer synthase is increased, studied with mixed micelles containing phosphatidylglycerol (one charge) or diphosphatidylglycerol (two charges), the two main anionic membrane lipids in Escherichia coli

661745

-

3.1.1.14

increases hydrolytic activity

80750

-

3.1.1.2

stimulates

646527

-

3.1.1.2

stimulation

646509

-

3.1.1.2

2 entries

3.1.1.4

highly activating

729999

-

3.1.3.4

essential for optimal activity, responsible for a better solubilization of the substrate by CHAPS. The possibility of a specidic role as aphysiological activator cannot be ruled out

134898

-

3.1.4.11

increases the film pressure of the phosphatidylinositol monolayer at an air/water interface at which cut-off occurs, as well as increases the rate of hydrolysis at lower pressures

285223

-

3.1.4.12

activates nSMase2

678142

-

3.1.4.12

anionic phospholipids required for activity, maximal activation at 1 mM, 79% of activation with phosphatidylserine

649682

-

3.1.4.12

enzymatic activity is induced 8fold at 0.1 mM

704668

-

3.1.4.12

3 entries

3.1.8.1

stimulation

646509

-

3.2.1.45

-

136462

-

3.2.1.45

acidic phospholipids, fatty acid composition important, higher activation in combination with heat-stable factor

136448

-

3.2.1.45

required

136452

-

3.4.21.107

enhances DegP proteolytic activity at high temperatures

712030

-

3.4.21.107

activates at 37-45°C

651878

-

3.5.1.23

-

171988, 712031

-

3.5.1.23

phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin, which are major lipid components of Staphylococcus aureus, are effective in stimulating the hydrolysis of human skin-type ceramides in the absence of detergents

733408

-

3.2.1.45

3 entries

3.4.21.107

2 entries

3.5.1.23

2 entries

3.5.1.28

concentrations of 0.002-0.05 mM

171997

-

3.6.1.27

-

687718

-

3.6.5.5

stimulates

644187

-

4.6.1.13

binding to nonsubstrate anionic interfaces enhances the catalytic activity of PI-PLC, interfacial binding studies, activation mechanism

650231

-

7.2.2.8

the hydrolytic activity of CopA is stimulated by phosphoholipid cardiolipin and to some extent by phosphatidylglycerol

749929

-

7.4.2.8

via the EpsE/cyto-EpsL complex

686385

-

7.6.2.1

slight activation

685075

-

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (21 results)

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Show Inhibitors (21 entries)

EC NUMBER

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

1.1.1.101

at high concentrations

285690

-

1.10.3.9

perturbs the intrinsic PSII electron transport, leading to a dissociation of the inner antenna protein CP43 and the 27- and 25-kDa apoproteins of the light-harvesting complex II. Influence is much less than sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol

743552

-

2.3.1.15

above 1.5 mM, activation below

486363

-

2.3.1.84

-

662479

-

2.4.1.38

-

489513

-

2.4.1.54

inhibits in excess amount

489288

-

2.4.1.90

-

489513

-

2.7.1.107

inhibits phosphatidylcholine-dependent kinase activity

640370

-

2.7.1.67

0.1 mM, 63% inhibition

641791

-

2.7.1.67

0.6 mM, 68% inhibition

641799

-

2.7.1.67

2 entries

2.7.8.17

-

645369

-

3.1.1.14

and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, inactivation in a cooperative manner

80728

-

3.1.3.4

0.7 mg/ml, 75% inhibition

134894

-

3.1.4.50

strong

646486

-

3.2.1.20

-

655752

-

3.4.21.107

inhibits activity at 50-55°C

651878

-

3.5.1.23

ceramide synthesis activity, 10 mol%, moderate inhibition

655998

-

3.5.1.28

concentrations higher than 0.3 mM

171997

-

3.5.1.28

phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin

172003

-

3.5.1.28

2 entries

4.6.1.14

-

648769

-

7.4.2.1

ATP-binding subunit HisP with a carboxy-terminal extension of 8 amino acids

246888

-

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

K_M Value (5 results)

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Show KM Value (5 entries)

EC NUMBER

KM VALUE [MM]

KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

2.3.2.3

0.056

-

-

659890

2.7.8.B10

3.55

-

recombinant wild-type enzyme, residues 52-482, pH 7.4, 37°C

726689

2.7.8.B10

3.66

-

recombinant mutant H215R enzyme, residues 52-482, pH 7.4, 37°C

726689

2.7.8.B10

6.25

-

recombinant mutant R218Q enzyme, residues 52-482, pH 7.4, 37°C

726689

2.7.8.B10

3 entries

3.1.1.32

0.0003

-

-

94324

References & Links

Literature References (175)

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Show Reference (175 entries)

BRENDA REFERENCE ID

PUBMED ID

TITLE

YEAR

AUTHORS

JOURNAL

VOLUME

PAGES

4768

199573

Intracellular distribution of enzymes of phospholipid metabolism in several gram-negative bacteria

1977

Dutt, A.; Dowhan, W.

J. Bacteriol.

132

159-165

4778

6319391

Localization of phospholipid biosynthetic enzyme activities in cell-free fractions derived from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides

1984

Cain, B.D.; Donohue, T.J.; Shepherd, W.D.; Kaplan, S.

J. Biol. Chem.

259

942-948

80728

4041468

Inactivation of chlorophyllase by negatively charged plant membrane lipids

1985

Lambers, J.W.J.; Terpstra, W.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

831

225-235

80750

-

Biocatalysis of chlorophyllase in a ternary micellar system containing Span 85 using purified and oxidized pheophytins as substrates

1997

Samaha, H.; Kermasha, S.

J. Biotechnol.

55

181-191

94291

-

Purification of a lipolytic acyl-hydrolase from Phaseolus vulgaris leaves by affinity chromatography on palmitolyated gauze and its properties

1979

Matsuda, H.; Tanaka, G.; Morita, K.; Hirayama, O.

Agric. Biol. Chem.

43

563-570

94293

454635

Purification and properties of a lipolytic acyl-hydrolase from potato leaves

1979

Matsuda, H.; Hirayama, O.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

573

155-165

94294

236765

Purification and properties of a lipid acyl-hydrolase from potato tubers

1975

Hirayama, O.; Matsuda, H.; Takeda, H.; Maenaka, K.; Takatsuka, H.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

384

127-137

94299

7948009

Purification and characterization of a soluble lipolytic acylhydrolase from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) leaves

1994

Sahsah, Y.; Thi, A.T.P.; Roy-Macauley, H.; D'Arcy-Lameta, A.; Repellin, A.; Zuily-Fodil, Y.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1215

66-73

94300

-

Degradation of leaf polar lipids during chilling and post-chilling rewarming of Zea mays genotypes reflects differences in their response to chilling stress. The role of galactolipase

1999

Kaniuga, Z.; Saczynska, V.; Miskiewicz, E.; Garstka, M.

Acta Physiol. Plant.

21

45-56

94301

30736564

Galactolipase activity but not the level of high-melting-point phosphatidylglycerol is related to chilling tolerance in differentially sensitive Zea mays inbred lines

1998

Kaniuga, Z.; Saczynska, V.; Miskiewicz, E.

Plant Cell Rep.

17

897-901

94303

6692000

Substrate specificity of two cationic lipases with high phospholipase A1 activity purified from guinea pig pancreas. II. Studies on glycerophospholipids

1984

Fauvel, J.; Chap, H.; Roques, V.; Douste-Blazy, L.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

792

72-78

94311

6833259

A phospholipase A1 from the hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

1983

Nieder, M.; Law, J.H.

J. Biol. Chem.

258

4304-4310

94320

4415399

Purification and properties of a membrane-bound phospholipase A1 from Mycobacterium phlei

1974

Nishijima, M.; Akamatsu, Y.; Nojima, S.

J. Biol. Chem.

249

5658-5667

94324

4946924

A membrane-bound phospholipase A1 purified from Escherichia coli

1971

Scandella, C.J.; Kornberg, A.

Biochemistry

10

4447-4456

94808

7968268

Stimulation of phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase activity by unsaturated fatty acids in rat heart

1994

Cao, S.G.; Hatch, G.M.

Lipids

29

475-480

94809

1323035

Phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase from Escherichia coli

1992

Dowhan, W.; Funk, C.R.

Methods Enzymol.

209

224-230

94810

1309518

The pgpA and pgpB genes of Escherichia coli are not essential: evidence for a third phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase

1992

Funk, C.R.; Zimniak, L.; Dowhan, W.

J. Bacteriol.

174

205-213

94811

2171664

Characterization and regulation of phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1990

Kelly, B.L.; Greenberg, M.L.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1046

144-150

94812

3004593

An improved preparation of phosphatidylglycerophosphate

1986

Chiu, T.; Yeh, L.L.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

876

167-169

94814

6296050

Multiple genes for membrane-bound phosphatases in Escherichia coli and their action on phospholipid precursors

1983

Icho, T.; Raetz, C.R.H.

J. Bacteriol.

153

722-730

94816

187193

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Links to other databases for phosphatidylglycerol

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